Life on Earth Flashcards
1
Q
Q: Name the 3 components of blood
A
2
Q
A: Red blood cells
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white blood cells and plasma
3
Q
Q: What is the function of red blood cells
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4
Q
A: Transport oxygen
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5
Q
Q: Name two types of white blood cell?
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6
Q
A: Phagocytes and lymphocytes
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7
Q
Q: Which type of white blood cell produces antibodies?
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8
Q
A: Lymphocytes
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9
Q
Q: Which type of white blood cell carries out phagocytosis?
A
10
Q
A: Phagocytes
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11
Q
Q: What is phagocytosis?
A
12
Q
A: This is where a phagocyte engulfs and digests a pathogen
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13
Q
Q: What is a pathogen?
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14
Q
A: A disease causing organism (e.g. bacteria
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fungi and viruses)
15
Q
Q: Name the three types of blood vessel
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16
Q
A: Arteries
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veins and capillaries
17
Q
Q: Which blood vessel takes blood away from the heart?
A
18
Q
A: Arteries
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19
Q
A
20
Q
a: State three features that an alveoli has for efficient gas exchange?
A
21
Q
A: Large surface area
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thin walls and extensive blood supply
22
Q
Q: During gas exchange
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what gas moves from the alveoli into the capilaries?
23
Q
A: Oxygen
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24
Q
Q: During gas exchange
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what gas moves from the capillaries to the alveoli?
25
A: Carbon dioxide
26
Q: What is the function of the villi found in the small intestine?
27
A: Absorb nutrients from food
28
Q: Which part of a villus absorbs glucose and amino acids?
29
A: Blood capillary
30
Q: Which part of a villus absorbs fatty acids and glycerol?
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A: Lacteal
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Q: State three features of a villus that allow efficient absorption to take place
33
A: Large surface area (due to numerous villi)
thin walls and extensive blood supply
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35
Q: What is a habitat?
36
A: The place where an organism lives.
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Q: What is a population?
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A: The number of organisms of the same species living in a particular habitat.
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Q: What is a community?
40
A: All of the organisms living in a particular habitat.
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Q: What is an ecosystem?
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A: All of the organisms in a particular habitat and the non-living components with
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which they interact.
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Q: What is a niche?
45
A: The role that an organism plays in its community.
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Q: What is biodiversity?
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A: The variety and abundance of species present in an ecosystem.
48
Q: What term describes an animal that catches
kills and eats another?
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A: A predator.
50
Q: What term describes an animal that is caught
killed and eaten by a predator?
51
A: Prey.
52
Q: What is the name for a green plant which makes its own food
and is found at
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the bottom of the food chain?
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A: A producer.
55
Q: What is a consumer?
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A: An organism that eats other organisms.
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Q: What is a food chain?
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A: Diagram that shows the feeding relationships of organisms in an ecosystem.
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Q: What is a food web?
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A: Diagram that shows how food chains interlink in an ecosystem.
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Q: What do the arrows in a food chain represent?
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A: The transfer of energy.
64
Q: Name three ways in which energy can be lost in a food chain.
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A: Heat
movement
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Q: Name one way in which energy can be passed on in a food chain.
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A: Growth.
68
Q: What does a pyramid of numbers show?
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A: The number of organisms at each level of the food chain.
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Q: What does a pyramid of energy show?
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A: The level of energy contained at each level of the food chain.
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Q: True or false: A pyramid of energy can have an irregular pyramid shape.
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A: False - only a pyramid of numbers can result in an irregular pyramid shape.
74
Q: What is a carnivore?
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A: An animal that eats other animals.
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Q: What is an omnivore?
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A: An animal that eats plants and animals.
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Q: What is a herbivore?
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A: An animal that eats only plants.
80
Q: When does competition occur in an ecosystem?
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A: When resources are in short supply.
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Q: Describe interspecific competition.
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A: Interspecific competition is when members of different species compete for
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similar resources.
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Q: Describe intraspecific competition.
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A: Intraspecific competition is when members of the same species compete for
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the same resources.
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Q: Which type of competition is most fierce?
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A: Intraspecific competition is fiercer as organisms are competing for the exact
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same resources.
91
92
Q. What is a biotic factor?
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A. A living factor which will affect the distribution or organisms.
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Q. What is an abiotic factor?
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A. A non-living factor which will affect the distribution or organisms.
96
Q. Give four examples of biotic factors
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A. Food availability
competition
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Q. Give four examples of abiotic factors
99
A. Light intensity
soil moisture
100
Q. What would you use to measure temperature?
101
A. Thermometer
102
Q. What would you use to measure pH?
103
A. pH meter
104
Q. What would you use to measure moisture?
105
A. Moisture meter
106
Q. What would you use to measure light intensity?
107
A. Light meter
108
Q. What type of organisms can be sampled using a quadrat?
109
A. Plants and slow moving animals.
110
Q. What type of organisms can be sampled using a pitfall trap?
111
A. Soil invertebrates.
112
Q. How should you minimise error when using a light meter?
113
A. Ensure not to cast a shadow over the light meter.
114
Q. How should you minimise error when using a moisture meter?
115
A. Wipe the probe between samples.
116
Q. How should you minimise error when using a thermometer?
117
A. Allow time to adjust before recording temperature.
118
119
Q. How should you minimise error when using a quadrat?
120
A. Ensure to throw quadrat randomly
and take multiple samples to improve
121
Q. How should you minimise error when setting a pitfall trap?
122
trap regularly.
123
A. Cover trap to prevent predation
ensure cup is level with the ground and check
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For each at the fallowing.
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Il state what is manurett
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i sate sources of errar and
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how to minimise them
128
