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Natural Science > Life & Living > Flashcards

Life & Living Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the building block that make up all living organisms?

A

Cell’s

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2
Q

What do you call single cell organisms?
(give Example)

A

unicellular
(Bacteria)

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3
Q

What do you call organisms that are made up of many cells?
(example)

A

multi cellular
(tree)

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4
Q

Name 4 differences between plant and animal cells

A

Animal cell:plant cell

1: No cell wall: cell wall
2: no chloroplast present: has chloroplast
3: More flexible eregular shape: rigid shape
4: Small or no vacuole: vacuole

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5
Q

Formula for magnification

A

Magnification=ocular magnification x objective magnification

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6
Q

explain how cells are organized to make up an organism

A

cells to tissue
tissue to organ
organ to system
system to organism.

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7
Q

what are stem cells?
and where are they found?

A

cells that have the ability to develop into different specialized cells
1: embryonic development
2: Bone Marrow

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8
Q

what is the purpose of the digestive system?

A

to break down food into small particles so that it can go into your blood stream

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9
Q

name 4 reasons why food is important?

A

1: for energy
2: materials for groth
3: to repair damaged tissue
4: to protect from deses and infections

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10
Q

Name the path of food along the alimentary canal

A

Mouth
oesophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
rectum
anus

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11
Q

name the processes that accur in the digestive system

A

ingestion
digestion
(machanical and chemical)
absorbtion
ejestion

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12
Q

what is the function of the oesophagus?

A

The muscles in the walls contract and relax to push the food towards the stomach.

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13
Q

what is the function of the stomach

A

has digestive juices containing emzimes and hydrocloric acid which parcially break down the food

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14
Q

what is parcially digested food called?

A

chyme

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15
Q

what is the fuction of the pancreus?

A

it Sucrets digestive juices into the small intestine.

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16
Q

what is the function of the liver and the gall bladder?

A

the liver sucrets bile which is stored in the gal bladder and then bile helps digest fats

17
Q

what is the function of the small intestine?

A

the walls of the small intestine sucret digestive juices which break own chyme into molecules to absorbed in the blood

18
Q

what is the function of the large intestine?

A

temporary storage place for undigested waste material.

19
Q

What are the 5 essential food groups required by the body?

A

1:Protien
2: Fats & oils
3: Carbohydrates
4: Fibre
5: Vitamins & minrals

20
Q

What is the importance of water?

A

1: Major component of blood which transports substances around the body
2: Its a Medium for chemical reactions to take place
3: It helps when u sweat to cool down your body
4: it helps remove waste through sweat and urine.

21
Q

what are Carbohydrates needed for?
(example)

A

They are the main sorce of energy
(bread)

22
Q

What are proteins needed for?
(example)

A

To make new cells during groth and to replace damaged cells
(meat)

23
Q

what are fats and oils needed for?
(example)

A

1: sorce of energy
2: prevents heat loss
(hot chips)

24
Q

what is fibre needed for?
(example)

A

Plant material that isnt digested by humans. It prevents constipation and it absorbs poisonous substances from the digestive system.
(banana)

25
Q

What are vitamins & minrals needed for?
(example)

A

Prevents diseases.
(orange)

26
Q

What causes kwashiorkor?
Name 2 Symptom

A

Lack of protein which causes cracked skin and bloated stomach

27
Q

what causes Marasmas?
name 2 symtoms

A

Lack of food which causes thin body and lack of muscle tissue

28
Q

what causes anerexia?
name 2 sysptoms

A

Phycological condition that makes you refuse to eat food
Loss of body mass
prevents woman from having children

29
Q

What causes obesity?
name 2 systoms

A

Eating to much energy and rich food
Increase in body mass
heart deses and high blood pressure.

30
Q

Name 3 health issues related to the digestive system

A

Ulcers
diarrhoea
cirrhosis of the liver

31
Q

Name the strctures that make up the circularity system

A

blood
heart
Blood vessels

32
Q

name the 4 componts making up blood and there functions

A

Plasma- carring waste and nutriets around the body
Red blood cells- carring oxygen and carbon dioxide arouund the body
white blood cells- helps fight infections
platlits- heel wounds through clotting

33
Q

what are the 3 blood vessels and what are there functions?

A

artery- carries blood away from the heart
veins- carrying blood towards the heart
capilaries- thin walls whick allow the movement of nutrients.

34
Q

3 health issues associated the circularty system

A

hart attack
stroke
high blood pressure

Natural Science (2 decks)

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