Life Insurance Flashcards
Insurance =
transfer of risk
Risk =
uncertainty
Speculative risk means possibility of ____ and ____
of loss and gain, will not insure
Pure risk means only ____
possibility of loss
Loss = value ____ minus value ____
value before loss minus value after loss
Exposure is the risk assumed by the insurer and ____
amount they are responsible to pay out
A peril is a _____
cause of loss
Insurers agree to cover ____ perils
specified
A hazard is anything that ____ a loss will occur
increases the chance
The three kinds of hazards are
- physical, 2. moral and 3. morale
____ is another way to think of a moral hazard
dishonesty
An example of morale hazard is _____
leaving the doors unlocked, living carelessly
STARR is an acronym for handling risk, and means
Sharing, Transfer (insurance), Avoidance, Retention, Reduction
The law of large numbers allows insurers to predict
losses
Risks that can be insured have similar characteristics, using the acronym CANHAM meaning
Calculable, Affordable, Non-catastrophic, Homogeneous, Accidental, Measurable
Adverse selection is when _____
higher-risk individuals get and keep more insurance than average risk people
To avoid adverse selection, insurers _____ policies
underwrite
A ceding insurer is the one ____ reinsurance
buying
The insurer selling reinsurance is the _____
reinsurer
Facultative reinsurance is when a reinsurer considers ____ before taking on responsibility
considers each risk
Treaty reinsurance is when the reinsurer _____
accepts all risks of a certain type
A stock insurer is a business formed as a public or private corporation and is _____
owned by shareholders
Policies issued by stock insurers are called _____
non-participating (non-par)
The board of directors for a stock insurer are chosen by
the stockholders/shareholders
Stock insurers may distribute ____
dividends
A mutual insurer is owned by its ______
policy holders
Mutual insurer dividends are considered to be _____
non-taxable return of excess premiums
Policies issued by mutual insurers are called
participating (since the policyowners participate in the operating results of the company)
Fraternal benefit societies issue policies called ____
certificates, holders are certificate holders
Fraternal benefit society policies are also called
open contracts
Reciprocal insurers are groups of people that agree to pay each other’s losses, members are known as
subscribers
For reciprocal insurers, administration, underwriting, sales promotion, and claims are handled by the
attorney-in-fact
A risk retention group only provides
liability insurance to its policyholders
Policyholders of a risk retention group must all be members of the same
type of business
LLoyd’s Associations are not insurance companies, they provide a hub for the exchange of information among member underwriters who actually transact the insurance. They underwrite ____ risks
unusual (like athlete’s body parts)
Self-insurance is setting aside
cash to cover losses on your own (or by a business)
The residual market is insurance from ___ or ____
federal or state government
A domestic insurer is
one that operates in the home state where it is incorporated
A foreign insurer is
one that operates in a state that it is not headquartered in
An alien insurer is
an insurer formed under the law of any country other than the USA
A state license to sell insurance for an insurer is called
a certificate of authority, you are admitted or authorized
Some states allow companies to sell insurance to certain types of risk (surplus) without a license, they are called
nonadmitted, unauthorized, nonapproved
Surplus lines insurance is for _____ and is placed with ____
for exceptionally large or specialized risk, placed with a non-admitted carrier by a surplus lines agent; can’t be sold just for a cheaper rate than licensed/admitted insurers
The ratings agencies for insurers are
AM Best, S&P Insurance Rating Services, Moody’s Duff & Phels, and Weiss Ratings
Best ratings for each rating agency
A++ = AM Best; AAA = Fitch, Aaa = Moody’s; AAA = S&P
Exclusive or captive agents only respresent
one insurer
General agents or managing general agents
hire train and supervise other agents with a geographical region
Direct-writing companies
pay salaries to employees who sell the insurance from a company office
In direct response marketing, there is no
producer or agent, sold directly to public
Agency is when one person is
authorized to represent or act for another person or corporation
Express authority is
made explicit in a producer’s written agency agreement with an insurer
Implied authority is
not written in the agency contract, but is assumed to be granted in accordance with general business practices
Apparent authority is
authority that others believe the agent has
Acronym CLOAC is for elements of a legal contract and means
Consideration, Legal Purpose, Offer, Acceptance, Competent Parties
Adhesion in a contract means
that one party writes the contract and the other has to adhere to them (if any ambiguity, courts will favor the adhering party - the insured)
Aleatory contracts means
that the value received from the contract by each party may be unequal
Life and health contracts are not ____, unlike property - casualty contracts
are NOT personal
A misrepresentation is a representation that is actually
false
For a contract to be void, a misrepresentation has to be
material
Estoppel is a legal doctrine that prevents a party from _____ if it had been accepted previously
denying an action
Agent/producer is known as the ____ underwriter
field underwriter
Corrections on an application must be accompanied by the insured’s _____
initials
Most state laws allow life insurance applications to be backdated up to ____
6 months
Required signatures on an application are:
insured
producer/agent
application/owner (if not insured)
The producer/agent report includes information on the insured’s
financial status, habits, and character
The producers report is never seen by the
insured
Applicants must be given advance notice of who is authorized to
disclose personal information
If no first premium is paid, the coverage is ____
delayed until the premium is paid for the issued policy
If the insured becomes uninsurable or dies between time with application is submitted and first premium is collected, the policy will
not pay a benefit
Once first premium is paid, producer must provide the applicant with a _____
receipt
If you send your premium in with your application and die with a conditional receipt, if the insured meets underwriting requirements a death benefit ____
will be paid, if not insurable, will not be paid and premium will be sent back to the policyowner or beneficiary
Conditional receipt means you sent your ____ in with your application
first premium
Binding receipts are effective for ___ or ___ days
30 or 60 days from the date of the application even if the applicant is found to be uninsurable (rarely used with life insurance, mostly home and auto)
Life insurance binders are called _____ insurance agreements
temporary
3 parts of an application are information about
general info
health info
producer’s report
An APS is an ____
attending physicians statement for health care information
Who pays for the medical exam for life insurance?
the insurer
The four classifications of risks are
standard
preferred
substandard
declined
When a policy is issued, it must be ____ to the policyowner
delivered, in some states they require a receipt from the policyowner
A policyowner must sign a ____ attesting that their health is the same as when they applied (required if no ___ with application)
statement of good health, required if no premium was paid with application