Life Insurance Flashcards

1
Q

Insurance =

A

transfer of risk

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2
Q

Risk =

A

uncertainty

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3
Q

Speculative risk means possibility of ____ and ____

A

of loss and gain, will not insure

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4
Q

Pure risk means only ____

A

possibility of loss

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5
Q

Loss = value ____ minus value ____

A

value before loss minus value after loss

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6
Q

Exposure is the risk assumed by the insurer and ____

A

amount they are responsible to pay out

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7
Q

A peril is a _____

A

cause of loss

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8
Q

Insurers agree to cover ____ perils

A

specified

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9
Q

A hazard is anything that ____ a loss will occur

A

increases the chance

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10
Q

The three kinds of hazards are

A
  1. physical, 2. moral and 3. morale
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11
Q

____ is another way to think of a moral hazard

A

dishonesty

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12
Q

An example of morale hazard is _____

A

leaving the doors unlocked, living carelessly

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13
Q

STARR is an acronym for handling risk, and means

A

Sharing, Transfer (insurance), Avoidance, Retention, Reduction

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14
Q

The law of large numbers allows insurers to predict

A

losses

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15
Q

Risks that can be insured have similar characteristics, using the acronym CANHAM meaning

A

Calculable, Affordable, Non-catastrophic, Homogeneous, Accidental, Measurable

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16
Q

Adverse selection is when _____

A

higher-risk individuals get and keep more insurance than average risk people

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17
Q

To avoid adverse selection, insurers _____ policies

A

underwrite

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18
Q

A ceding insurer is the one ____ reinsurance

A

buying

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19
Q

The insurer selling reinsurance is the _____

A

reinsurer

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20
Q

Facultative reinsurance is when a reinsurer considers ____ before taking on responsibility

A

considers each risk

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21
Q

Treaty reinsurance is when the reinsurer _____

A

accepts all risks of a certain type

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22
Q

A stock insurer is a business formed as a public or private corporation and is _____

A

owned by shareholders

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23
Q

Policies issued by stock insurers are called _____

A

non-participating (non-par)

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24
Q

The board of directors for a stock insurer are chosen by

A

the stockholders/shareholders

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25
Q

Stock insurers may distribute ____

A

dividends

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26
Q

A mutual insurer is owned by its ______

A

policy holders

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27
Q

Mutual insurer dividends are considered to be _____

A

non-taxable return of excess premiums

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28
Q

Policies issued by mutual insurers are called

A

participating (since the policyowners participate in the operating results of the company)

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29
Q

Fraternal benefit societies issue policies called ____

A

certificates, holders are certificate holders

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30
Q

Fraternal benefit society policies are also called

A

open contracts

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31
Q

Reciprocal insurers are groups of people that agree to pay each other’s losses, members are known as

A

subscribers

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32
Q

For reciprocal insurers, administration, underwriting, sales promotion, and claims are handled by the

A

attorney-in-fact

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33
Q

A risk retention group only provides

A

liability insurance to its policyholders

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34
Q

Policyholders of a risk retention group must all be members of the same

A

type of business

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35
Q

LLoyd’s Associations are not insurance companies, they provide a hub for the exchange of information among member underwriters who actually transact the insurance. They underwrite ____ risks

A

unusual (like athlete’s body parts)

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36
Q

Self-insurance is setting aside

A

cash to cover losses on your own (or by a business)

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37
Q

The residual market is insurance from ___ or ____

A

federal or state government

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38
Q

A domestic insurer is

A

one that operates in the home state where it is incorporated

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39
Q

A foreign insurer is

A

one that operates in a state that it is not headquartered in

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40
Q

An alien insurer is

A

an insurer formed under the law of any country other than the USA

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41
Q

A state license to sell insurance for an insurer is called

A

a certificate of authority, you are admitted or authorized

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42
Q

Some states allow companies to sell insurance to certain types of risk (surplus) without a license, they are called

A

nonadmitted, unauthorized, nonapproved

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43
Q

Surplus lines insurance is for _____ and is placed with ____

A

for exceptionally large or specialized risk, placed with a non-admitted carrier by a surplus lines agent; can’t be sold just for a cheaper rate than licensed/admitted insurers

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44
Q

The ratings agencies for insurers are

A

AM Best, S&P Insurance Rating Services, Moody’s Duff & Phels, and Weiss Ratings

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45
Q

Best ratings for each rating agency

A

A++ = AM Best; AAA = Fitch, Aaa = Moody’s; AAA = S&P

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46
Q

Exclusive or captive agents only respresent

A

one insurer

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47
Q

General agents or managing general agents

A

hire train and supervise other agents with a geographical region

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48
Q

Direct-writing companies

A

pay salaries to employees who sell the insurance from a company office

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49
Q

In direct response marketing, there is no

A

producer or agent, sold directly to public

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50
Q

Agency is when one person is

A

authorized to represent or act for another person or corporation

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51
Q

Express authority is

A

made explicit in a producer’s written agency agreement with an insurer

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52
Q

Implied authority is

A

not written in the agency contract, but is assumed to be granted in accordance with general business practices

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53
Q

Apparent authority is

A

authority that others believe the agent has

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54
Q

Acronym CLOAC is for elements of a legal contract and means

A

Consideration, Legal Purpose, Offer, Acceptance, Competent Parties

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55
Q

Adhesion in a contract means

A

that one party writes the contract and the other has to adhere to them (if any ambiguity, courts will favor the adhering party - the insured)

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56
Q

Aleatory contracts means

A

that the value received from the contract by each party may be unequal

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57
Q

Life and health contracts are not ____, unlike property - casualty contracts

A

are NOT personal

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58
Q

A misrepresentation is a representation that is actually

A

false

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59
Q

For a contract to be void, a misrepresentation has to be

A

material

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60
Q

Estoppel is a legal doctrine that prevents a party from _____ if it had been accepted previously

A

denying an action

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61
Q

Agent/producer is known as the ____ underwriter

A

field underwriter

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62
Q

Corrections on an application must be accompanied by the insured’s _____

A

initials

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63
Q

Most state laws allow life insurance applications to be backdated up to ____

A

6 months

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64
Q

Required signatures on an application are:

A

insured
producer/agent
application/owner (if not insured)

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65
Q

The producer/agent report includes information on the insured’s

A

financial status, habits, and character

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66
Q

The producers report is never seen by the

A

insured

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67
Q

Applicants must be given advance notice of who is authorized to

A

disclose personal information

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68
Q

If no first premium is paid, the coverage is ____

A

delayed until the premium is paid for the issued policy

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69
Q

If the insured becomes uninsurable or dies between time with application is submitted and first premium is collected, the policy will

A

not pay a benefit

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70
Q

Once first premium is paid, producer must provide the applicant with a _____

A

receipt

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71
Q

If you send your premium in with your application and die with a conditional receipt, if the insured meets underwriting requirements a death benefit ____

A

will be paid, if not insurable, will not be paid and premium will be sent back to the policyowner or beneficiary

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72
Q

Conditional receipt means you sent your ____ in with your application

A

first premium

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73
Q

Binding receipts are effective for ___ or ___ days

A

30 or 60 days from the date of the application even if the applicant is found to be uninsurable (rarely used with life insurance, mostly home and auto)

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74
Q

Life insurance binders are called _____ insurance agreements

A

temporary

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75
Q

3 parts of an application are information about

A

general info
health info
producer’s report

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76
Q

An APS is an ____

A

attending physicians statement for health care information

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77
Q

Who pays for the medical exam for life insurance?

A

the insurer

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78
Q

The four classifications of risks are

A

standard
preferred
substandard
declined

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79
Q

When a policy is issued, it must be ____ to the policyowner

A

delivered, in some states they require a receipt from the policyowner

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80
Q

A policyowner must sign a ____ attesting that their health is the same as when they applied (required if no ___ with application)

A

statement of good health, required if no premium was paid with application

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81
Q

FCRA stands for the

A

Fair Credit Reporting Act

82
Q

Under the FCRA, a ____ must be issued to all applicants of life or health insurance

A

a notice to applicant - tells you a repot is being ordered

83
Q

Consumer rights under FCRA means that a consumer may _____ incorrect information

A

dispute

84
Q

Penalties under FCRA can be punishable by ____

A

fines and imprisonment

85
Q

False pretense under FCRA is a fine of ____ or ____ or both

A

$5,000, 1 year imprisonment or both

86
Q

Producers may be ____ for their mistakes

A

liable

87
Q

STOLI or IOLI are ___ and ____ and are being banned

A

stranger-owned life insurance or investor-owned life insurance

88
Q

the USA PATRIOT Act is to ____ and covers ____

A

deter terrorism and covers money laundering

89
Q

Third party ownership of a life insurance policy is when someone other than the ____ owns the policy

A

other than the insured

90
Q

To get third party ownership, must have an insurable interest in the insured, which is a significant loss if that person dies, can be:

A

emotion

economic

91
Q

An insurable interest exists between lenders and their ____

A

debtors

92
Q

An insurable interest is only required when you ___ for a life insurance policy

A

apply

93
Q

Life insurance can be used to make sure an estate is _____

A

conserved

94
Q

Liquidity refers to how easily an asset can be turned into cash without ____

A

loss of value

95
Q

Cash value in a permanent life insurance policy is also known as the _____ benefit

A

living

96
Q

Human life value =

A

individual’s annual income x number of years until retirement

97
Q

Needs approach to valuing insurance coverage is more ___ than the human life value and falls into two categories:

A

more accurate, two categories are:

cash needs and income needs

98
Q

Cash needs in the needs approach can be met with a lump sum, includes:

A

final expenses
debt payoff
children’s education
emergency fund

99
Q

Income needs in the needs approach fall into three specific periods:

A

family dependency - kids too young to support themselves
preretirement - surviving spouse not yet retirement age
retirement - surviving spouse needs income

100
Q

Two types of buy/sell agreements:

A

entity, and cross-purchase

101
Q

Companies usually buy ___ to protect against liabilities related to deferred compensation plans

A

life insurance (company is owner, premium payer, and beneficiary - employee is the insured)

102
Q

The preretirement period in cash needs analysis is also known as the -____ period

A

blackout

103
Q

Industrial insurance is small amounts, face amounts are usually $2,000 or less to cover burial expense, and premiums are due ____ and collected ____

A

due weekly, collected in-person

104
Q

Home service policies are like ____ policies, usually bigger face amounts and monthly bank drafts for premiums

A

like industrial policies

105
Q

Three elements into calculating insurance premiums:

A

mortality, interest, expense (expense load)

106
Q

Net premium =

A

mortality - interest

107
Q

Gross premium =

A

mortality - interest + expenses

108
Q

Which is not a party to a third party owned insurance policy?

A

the beneficiary

109
Q

Decreasing term policies are appropriate for coverage of financial obligations that decrease steadily over time, like:

Premiums will _____

A

mortgages, bank loans, obligations with periodic payments

premiums will stay the same

110
Q

Increasing term policies are appropriate for coverage of financial obligations that increase steadily over time, like:

Premiums will ____

A

health insurance, inflating cost of living expenses

increase

111
Q

A return of premium term policy:

A

returns your premiums at end of term if you’re still alive (higher % return means higher premiums)

112
Q

Renewable term policies guarantee that the policy will renew at end of term until a specific age, but the premiums will

A

increase, called step-rate premiums

113
Q

Convertibility on a term policy allows the owner to -___

A

convert term to a permanent policy without evidence of insurability and no application

114
Q

Premiums for a converted term policy to permanent insurance will be based on one of two options:

A

attained age at time of conversion, original age when term policy was written

115
Q

Whole life policy premiums never _____

A

increase

116
Q

If premiums on a whole life policy aren’t paid, the policy will ____

A

lapse

117
Q

The death benefit on a whole life policy is fixed and level, meaning

A

it won’t change

118
Q

Cash value in a whole life policy reflects the ___ necessary to assure payment of the guaranteed death benefit

A

reserves

119
Q

The guaranteed interest crediting in a whole life policy means the cash value

A

increases over time at a guaranteed level of interest

120
Q

IF you die with a loan out on the cash value of your whole life policy, the amount borrowed plus interest is _____

A

deducted from the death benefit

121
Q

at endowment of a whole life policy, the policyowner pays income tax on any

A

taxable gain

122
Q

Continuous premium whole life is also referred to as straight life or

A

ordinary life

123
Q

THe lowest initial premium for a whole life policy is with a _____

A

graded premium

124
Q

Universal life is a form of _____ life insurance

A

flexible - can be like term or whole

125
Q

Option B in a universal life policy is the ___ death benefit

A

increasing - cash value does not increase as quickly

126
Q

Option A in a universal life policy is the ____ death benefit

A

level - cash value increases quicker

127
Q

Withdrawals from universal life are ____ tax-free up to the ____, above that they are taxed as ordinary income. They also reduce the ___ and ___ by the amount of the withdrawal

A

are federal income tax-free up to cost basis (premiums paid) and reduce cash value and death benefit by amount of withdrawal

128
Q

Variable universal life is also known as ____ premium variable life

A

flexible

129
Q

Joint life policies are also called ____ policies

A

first-to-die

130
Q

Survivorship life policies will pay when the ____ dies

A

last insured dies, also known as second-to-die or last-to-die

131
Q

Juvenile policies are mostly ____ life insurance

A

permanent

132
Q

Jumping juvenile policies increase the ____ at a certain age

A

increase the face amount

133
Q

Waiver of premium rider will ____

A

pay the premiums so the policyholder can continue to have coverage for duration of policy if they become disabled

134
Q

The waiting period on a waiver of premium rider is usually ___ to ___ days to see if the insured is still disabled

A

90 to 180 days

135
Q

For a flexible premiums policy, the waiver of premiums is called _____ or ____

A

waiver of monthly deductions or waiver of cost of insurance

136
Q

Disability income rider typically provides a disability benefit in the amount of ____% of face value

A

1%

137
Q

Payor benefit rider is usually found with ____ policies and waives premiums is policyholder becomes disabled until minor reaches age ___ or ___

A

juvenile policies, until they reach age 18 or 21

138
Q

Accelerated death benefit riders are triggered by medical circumstances, including:

A

terminal illness, death within 24 months
serious illness with reduced life expectancy
long-term care due to inability to perform ADLs
hospice admittance
catastrophic illness, such as need for organ transplant

139
Q

The Other (Additional) insured rider provides _____ term insurance for a spouse or immediate family member of the primary insured

A

convertible term insurance

140
Q

the Exchange privilege rider or substitute insured rider is used to ____ the insured person

A

change the insured person to a different person

141
Q

The three types of term insurance riders are

A

level, decreasing, increasing

142
Q

The return of premium rider is an increasing term rider and the death benefit equals the ____

A

total of premiums paid for the rider and the underlying permanent policy

143
Q

The Accidental death benefit rider (ADB) pays an extra benefit if the insured dies in an

A

accident

144
Q

For the ADB to pay out, the insured must die within ___ of the accident

A

90 days

145
Q

The accidental death and dismemberment (AD&D) pays out the principal sum if ____ and capital sum if ___

A

principal = death, capital = dismemberment (legs, arms, feet or hands, loss of sight, loss of hearing, paralysis)

146
Q

The guaranteed insurability rider (GIR) also known as GIO and GIB, and allows owner to purchase additional life insurance at specified ____

A

intervals in the future for certain amounts without evidence of insurability (certain ages 25 through 40; also certain life events marriage, birth, adoption)

147
Q

Interest only settlement option = insurer retains death benefit and pays __

A

stated amount of interest, death benefit paid at a later date

148
Q

Fixed period settlement option =

A

get paid principal and interest over a stated period of time

149
Q

fixed amount settlement option =

A

choose a fixed amount each period to be paid out until principal and interest are completely paid out to beneficiary

150
Q

the life with refund settlement option pays income for as long as beneficiary is alive and guarantees that total payments will be at least _____

A

amount of the death benefit

151
Q

Participating policy dividends area refund of ____

A

a portion of the premiums –> not taxable

152
Q

Participating policy dividend options are CARPPO:

A
cash
accumulation of interest (dividend not taxable but interest is)
reduced premium
paid up additions
paid up insurance
one-year term insurance
153
Q

The free look provision gives the policyowner a period of time to return a policy for any reason within ____ days of delivery and receive all premiums paid

A

10 days

154
Q

The insuring clause or insuring agreements sets forth the insurer’s promise to ____

A

pay benefits upon insured’s death

155
Q

Assignment is a transfer of the ____ rights to another individual or entity

A

owner’s rights

156
Q

Partial assignment is the temporary assignment of a policy but does not change the ownership of the policy. Usually for a ____

A

loan

157
Q

Absolute or permanent assignment is a total transfer of

A

owners rights to another person or entity

158
Q

The entire contract is three things:

A

policy
copy of application
any riders or amendments

159
Q

Endorsements are changes to a contract, must be in writing, and must be signed by

A

an executive officer of the company - cannot be agent/producer

160
Q

Grace periods for premium payments are for a period up to ___ days

A

31 days

161
Q

Reinstatement, always permitted with permanent insurance, requires three things from the insured if their policy lapses:

A

submit application for reinstatement within three years of lapse
pay all past due premiums plus interest
provide satisfactory evidence of insurability

162
Q

Incontestability provision is to protect insured, says that insurer cannot contest application was made to defraud insurer after ___ years

A

two

163
Q

Payment of claims provision says the insurer will pay claims promptly, generally within ____ days. If not, interest is due

A

60 days

164
Q

If benes are irrevocable, need ____ permission for policy loans or withdrawals

A

bene

165
Q

If an irrevocable bene dies, benes become ____

A

revocable

166
Q

The facility of payment provision allows the insurer to pay part of the policy’s death benefit to someone other than a designated bene if:

A
  • bene is a minor, deceased, or cannot be found

- someone other than bene incurred the insured’s final medical or funeral expenses

167
Q

The Uniform Simultaneous Death Act states that if the insured and primary bene die in same accident, ____ is assumed to have died first

A

primary bene –> proceeds go to contingent bene

168
Q

Group life insurance is limited to the following group types:

A
employer group plans
METs (multiple employer trusts)
labor unions
association group plans
group credit life insurance (insurance cannot exceed debt owed)
169
Q

An individual employee of a group plan does not receive a master policy, instead they get a ____

A

certificate of insurance

170
Q

In a contributory group plan, employees

A

pay a part of the premium, in non-contributory they don’t

171
Q

At least ___% of eligible employees must participate in a contributory group plan

A

75%

172
Q

____% of employees must contribute in a noncontributory group plan

A

100%

173
Q

In underwriting of a group plan, some underwriting considerations are :

A

stability of the group
persistency of the group (change insurers every year)
existence of the group (can’t just be applying for coverage as reason for group to exist)

174
Q

Are medical questions part of a group policy underwriting?

A

usually not

175
Q

The two most common classifications for employees in determining eligibility under a group plan are:

A

full time vs part time

years of service

176
Q

Probationary periods for new employees under a group plan usually last ____ to ___ months

A

one to twelve

177
Q

The enrollment period in a group plan follows the probationary period, usually last ____ days, and no ____

A

31 days, no medical questions (if you apply after enrollment period, might be medical questions)

178
Q

Must have a conversion privilege with a group plan, some requirements are:

A
conversion done within 31 days
must convert to permanent insurance
same coverage amount
premiums based on attained age at conversion
no proof of insurability required
179
Q

Can an annuitant be a corporation or a trust?

A

NO, must be a natural person

180
Q

Can an annuitant make withdrawals, deposits, change names of parties to an annuity agreement or terminate the contract?

A

NO - unless they are also the contract owner (which is often the case)

181
Q

A life annuity payout option can also be called:

A

straight life, pure life, life - no refund

182
Q

Fixed annuities are supported by the insurer’s ____ account

A

general

183
Q

Variable annuities are kept in a ____ account

A

separate

184
Q

For variable annuity, separate account is held in ____ units - when annuitized, held in ____ units

A

accumulation units converted to annuity units

185
Q

Do you need a securities license to sell equity-indexed annuities?

A

NO

186
Q

Four uses of annuities are:

A

life income
tax favored savings
funding IRAs
Education funds

187
Q

Group annuities are funded by ____ contributions and distributions are determined by the _____

A

funded by employer contributions, distributions determined by employer

188
Q

Are premiums paid for individual life insurance tax deductible?

A

NO

189
Q

Interest earnings credited to life insurance cash values are ____

A

tax deferred as long as they remain inside the policy

190
Q

Withdrawals (partial surrenders) are withdrawn on a ____ basis

A

FIFO

191
Q

Policy loans are ___ taxable, even if loan amount exceeds cost basis. If a policy is surrendered or lapses, any portion of the loan amount that exceeds policy’s basis is a _____. Interest paid on policy loans is ____ tax deductible

A

policy loans not taxable
if lapses, amount in excess of basis is capital gain
interest paid on loans is NOT tax deductible

192
Q

Are dividends from a policy taxable?

A

no, considered return of premiums. will reduce basis

193
Q

Accelerated death benefits are ____

A

tax exempt

194
Q

Business life insurance premiums are NOT tax deductible to the business for:

A

key person
buy-sell
policies that will reimburse company for deferred comp arrangements

195
Q

Business life insurance premiums ARE tax deductible to the business for _____ plans

A

executive bonus plans

196
Q

Premiums for executive bonus policies are ____ to the employee

A

taxable income

197
Q

Distributions from an annuity are withdrawn on a ____ basis

A

LIFO

198
Q

Under 1035 exchanges:

Life to Life =
Annuity to Annuity =
Life to Annuity =
Annuity to Life =

A

Life to life, not taxable
Annuity to annuity, not taxable
Life to annuity, not taxable
Annuity to life, GAINS TAXABLE

199
Q

If you die with an annuity in the accumulation period, the gains and cost basis are both ____

A

included in the estate

200
Q

If you due with an annuity in the annuitization period, the present value of any payments to the ___ or ____ is included in the estate

A

beneficiary or survivor annuitant

201
Q

Can you put US minted coins in an IRA?

A

YES

202
Q

Employees are ____ vested in employer contributions under a SIMPLE plan

A

100% vested