Life In Uk Flashcards
What are the capital cities in the UK?
England London
Scotland Edinburgh
Wales Cardiff
Northern Ireland Belfast
What was the importance of poetry and drama in the Elizabethan period?
Most importantly Shakespeare contribute to the richness of Elizabethan poetry. Shakespeare dramatized significant events from the past and did plays about people other than kings and queens. Shakespeare invented many words that are still in use today.
How did parliament begin to develop?
Two houses lords and commons began on the Middle Ages traced back to the kings council of advisors.1215 King John was forced by nobleman to agree to a number of demands. Magna Carter states even the king is subject to law. Restricts ability to collect taxes and to make or change laws. Legal system developed.
How did the English language and culture grow?
In the Middle Ages culture developed. Nobleman spoke French and the peasants spoke Anglo Saxon. By1400 the English language was the official language.geoffry Chaucer the Canterbury tales was the first book printed also John Barbour Scottish poet the Bruce.
How did land ownership work?
Feudalism king have land to his lords on return for their help with war.
Landowners would sent men to war.
How and why did religion change during this period.
Because Henry the Vlll wanted to divorce his wife. There was also the reformation happening all over Europe .the was a movement against the authority of the pope. Protestants read the bible in their own language.16th century god was more important than the church.
King James had a significant achievement, what was it?
Had a new translation of the bible into the English. It was birthed oestrus it is still used today
What was the beginning of the English civil war?
Charles l introduced a revised prayer book.trued to impose the prayer book on Scotland which caused unrest.parliament refuse to give the lung money to deal with the unrest more stuff happened and civil war between the king and parliment began in 1642.cavaliers supported the king, and the Roundheads were the parliament.
What are the different religions that are practiced in the UK
70% Christian, 4% Muslim, 2% Hindu, 1% Sikh, .5% Jewish or Buddhist, 2% other religions 21% claimed to have no religion.
What is the church of the state in England?
The official church of the state is the Church of England (called the Anglican Church in other countries, the Episcopal church in Scotland and the United States). It is a Protestant Church and has existed since the reformation in the 1530s. The monarch is the head of the Church of England. The spiritual leader is the archbishop of canterbury. In Scotland the national church is the Church of Scotland, which is a Presbyterian church. There is no established church in Wales or Northern Ireland.
Who are the various patron saints?
1 March st David’s day, Wales
17 March st Patrick’s day, Northern Ireland
23 April st George’s day, England
30 November st Andrew’s day, Scotland
Only Scotland and Northern Ireland have their patron saints day as an official holiday.
What are the other languages spoken in particular parts of the U.K.?
In Wales welsh is spoken, in Scotland Gaelic is spoken and in Northern Ireland Irish Gaelic is spoken,
In 2010 what was the population of the U.K.?
Just over 62 million
How has the population of the UK changed?
Population growth has been faster in more recent years. Migration into the UK and longer life expectancy have played a part in population growth.
How is the UK an equal society and ethnically diverse?
There are legal requirements that men and woman should not be discriminated against. There are people in the uk with ethnic origins from all over the world. In surveys, the most common ethnic description is white, other significant groups are of Asian, black and mixed descent.
What are other religious festivals important in the UK?d
Diwali which normally falls in October and November and last for five days celebrated by Sikh and Hindus. It is the celebration of the victory of good over evil and the gaining of knowledge.
Eid al-Fitr celebrates the end of Ramadan which is the fast for one month.
Eid up Adha remembers the prophet Ibrahim who was willing to sacrifice his son when God ordered him to.
Vaisakhi a Sikh festival celebrating the founding of the Sikh community known as Khalsa 14 April
What type of democracy is established in the UK?
The U.K is a parliamentary democracy with the monarch as head of state.
What was the group called the Chartists about
The Chartists in the 1830s and 1840s campaigned for reform and they wanted six changes:
1. For every man to have the vote
2. Elections every year
3. For all regions to be equal in the electoral system
4. Secret ballots
5. For any man to be able to stand as an MP
6. For MP to be paid.
At the time they were a failure but by 1918 most of these reforms had been adopted.
Woman over 30 could vote but by 1928 to men and woman over 21. In 1969 voting age was reduced to 18 for men and woman.
What are the different parts of government in the UK?
The Monarchy Parliament (House of Commons and House of Lords) The prime minister The cabinet The judiciary ( courts) The police The civil service Local government In addition there are devolved governments in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland Thrace the power to legislate on certain issues.
When was England a republic?
England declared itself a republic called the Commonwealth after the execution of King Charles I in 1649.
What was the Crimean war?
1853 to 1856 Britain fought with Turkey and France against Russia. First war to be covered by the media through news stories and photographs.
What do pressure and lobbyist groups do?
They are organizations which try to influence government policy.
What are the powers of devolved government in Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland?
Policy and laws governing defense, foreign affairs, immigration, taxation and social security all remain under central UK government control.
However, many other public services such as education, are controlled by the devolved administrations. The devolved administrations each have their own civil service.
What marks the beginning of British history.
The people of the Iron Age had a sophisticated culture and economy. They made the first coins minted in Britian. This marks the beginnings of British history. P.16
When were the Welsh and Scottish assemblies established?
There has been a Welsh assembly and Scottish Parliment since 1999. The Northern Ireland assembly at Stormont, Belfast has been suspended on a few occasions.
Who was the first Archbishop of Canterbury?
Saint Augustine
Who led and united the Anglo Saxon kingdoms in England to defeat the Vikings?
King Alfred the Great in the east of England and Scotland.
In the north, the threat of Viking attack unite the people under one king, Kenneth MacAlpin.
Who led the Norman conquest?
In 1066, an invasion led by William, the duke of Normandy (France) defeated Harold the Saxon King of England at the battle of Hastings. William became King of England and is known as William the Conqueror. Bayous Tapestry commemorates the battle, and can be seen in France.
What was the history of the U.K before the Romans?
First people to live in the UK where Stone Age hunter gatherers. The first farmers arrived 6,000 years ago. Stonehenge in Wiltshire was built during this period. Other stone age sites, such as Skara Brae on Orkney, off the coast of Scotland is the best preserved prehistoric village.
Around 4,000 years ago people learned to make bronze, therefore calling this period the Bronze Age. This led to the Iron Age, when tools and weapons began to be made of iron. Maiden Castle in Dorset, is a hill fort from this period. People spoke a variation of Celtic language family. The first coins were minted during this period and were inscribed names of Iron Age kings.
What was the impact of the Romans on British society?
The Roman built roads and public buildings, created a structure of law and introduced new plants and animals. During the 3rd and 4th centuries AD that the first Christian communities began to appear in Britian.m
What are the different groups that invaded after the Romans?
When the Roman army left in AD 410 Britain was invaded by tribes from Northern Europe. The Jutes, the Angles, and the Saxons. There was resistance but by AD 600 there were Anglo Saxon kingdoms established. Parts of the west, Wales and Scotland remained free of Anglo Saxon rule.
The first Viking invasion was around AD 789, raiding coastal towns.
In 1066, the Normans invaded and was led by William the conqueror. Which was the last successful invasion. This led to many changes in government and social structure.
What was the importance of the Norman Invasion in 1066.
This was the last successful foreign invasion. This led to changes in the government and social structure. Norman French, the language of the ruling class influenced the development of the English language. William the conqueror sent people all ove England to draw up lists of towns and villages. The people who lived there, who owned the land and what animals they owned were also listed. This was called the doomsday book.
When was the Middle Ages?
The period after the Norman Conquest up until 1485. A period of almost constant war.
What were the wars that took place in the Middle Ages?
The English fought the welsh, Scottish and Irish nobleman for there lands.
The crusades were fought for the control of holy lands.
The hundred year war was fought (116 years) with the most famous battle being the Battle of Agincourt in 1415. This is when Henry V defeated the French. The English left France in 1450.
When was the statute of Rhuddlan introduced and by whom?
In 1284 King Edward I of England introduced the statute of Rhuddlan which annexed Wales to the crown of England.
Hug castles were built to maintain power, such as Conwy and Caernarvon. By the middle of the 15th century Welsh rebellions were defeated. English laws and language were introduced.
What was the battle that defeated the British in 1314, by the Scots?
Led by Robert the Bruce the English were defeated at the battle of Bannockburn and Scotland remained unconquered by the English.
What is the region referred to as the Pale?
The English first went to Ireland to help the King and remained to build their own settlements. By 1200 the English ruled an area of Ireland known as the Pale, around Dublin.
What was a significant achievement of King James VI and I ?
King James became king after queen Elizabeth I. During King James’ reign was a new translation of the bible into English. This was not the first bible to be translated into English but it is a version that is still used today in Protestant churches.
How did parliament rise to power?
James I and his son Charles I believed in the divine right of kings. Charles I tried to rule in line with this principle, thereby without the approval of parliament. However his religious views, to include more ceremony and introduction of a revised prayer book caused serious unrest in Scotland. This led Scotland to form its own army and Charles I needed money from parliament. However eventually due to trouble in Scotland Charles the I had to recall parliament. Many parliament members were Protestant and did not agree with Charles I on religious grounds. So refused to give Charles I money. The unrest in Ireland then led parliament to demand control over the English army. This transferred significant power from the King to parliament. This led to civil war - parliament against King Charles I -in 1642. In 1649 King Charles was executed.
Who established control over parliament after the civil war?
General Oliver Cromwell
Why did King Charles II hide in a tree?
The Scottish did not agree with the execution of Charles I so declares Charles II King of Scotland. The Scottish lost against the British during the battles of Dunbar and Worcester, leaving parliament in control of England, Wales and Scotland. This also led to Cromwell as the leader of the republic. Given the title of lord protector he ruled until his death in 1658.
When was the restoration?
In May 1660, parliament invited Charles II to come back from exile in the Netherlands be be crowned as King of England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland.
When did the Black Death occur?
1348
What is the Habeas Corpus Act and when did it become law?
The Habeas Corpus Act became law in 1679 and is still relevant today. It is Latin for ‘you must present the person in court.’ The act guaranteed that no one could be held prisoner unlawfully and all have a right to a hearing.
What is the oldest surviving scientific society in the world?
The Royal Society was formed to promote natural knowledge. Members include sir Edmund Halley (Halley’s comet) and sir Isaac Newton.
What was the glorious revolution?
Jame’s II was a Catholic King and aloud Catholics to be army officers. This had been forbidden by an act of parliament. James’s II daughter Mary was married to her cousin William of orange. In 1688 William of Orange, from the Netherlands was asked to invade England and to become King. This caused James II to flee to France. This was called the glorious revolution because there was no fighting. William and Mary ruled jointly. William defeated James II again in the battle of Boyne in Ireland in 1690.
What is a constitutional monarchy?
This confirmed the King would no longer be able to raise taxes or administer justice without agreement for parliament. The balance between monarch and parliament was permanently changed. The bill of rights, in 1689, was read at the coronation of William and Mary. This confirmed that the King would not be able to raise taxes or administer justice without agreement from parliament. This cause the balance of power to be permanently changed. This confirmed the rights of parliament and limited the power of kings. The laws passed after the glorious revolution were the beginning of the constitutional monarchy.
When were newspapers able to operate without a government license.
1695
Who was the first man to be called the Prime Minister?
Sir Robert Walpole (1721-1742)
When was the war of the roses?
1455 began the war between the house of Lancaster and the house of York. The battle of Bosworth ended the conflict with king Richard III of the house of York. King Henry the VII then founded the house of Tudor.
Who was Robert Burns?
Scottish poet who wrote Auld Lang Syne.
When did the civil war began?
1642
The Kings army was defeated at the battle of Marston moor and Naseby. By 1646 parliament had won the war. 1649 Charles I was executed. England declared itself a republic.
The first Union flag was introduced when?
In 1606 by King James I to combine the English cross and the Scottish blue for maritime purposes.
When was the Union Jack introduced.
1801 the declaration of the United Kingdom to include the unification of Ireland, Wales, Scotland and England after the act of the Union in 1800.
Who commissioned the white tower in Tower of London to be built?
The white tower is an example of a Norman castle keep, which was built on the orders of William the Conqueror.
Who designed St. Paul’s cathedral?
Sir Christopher Wren
When was the act of union or otherwise know as the treaty of union in Scotland agreed, making Scotland part of the U.K.
1707 which created the kingdom of great Britian. This is when Scotland was no longer an independent county but still maintained its own legal and educational system, and kept the Presbyterian church. Queen Anne had no children making succession an uncertainty.
When was there a second attempt to put the Bonnie prince Charles II on the throne?
1745 an attempt to remove George II from the throne. This resulted in the highland clearance.
Many great thinkers of the enlightenment were Scottish, who were they?
David Hume’s on human nature.
James Watt’s work on steam power helped progress the industrial revolution.
What were the most important principles of the Enlightenment?
Everyone should have the right to their own political views and religious beliefs, and that the state should not dictate them.
Who was Richard Arkwright?
A barber by trade, Arkwright began to work in textiles. He improved the original carding machine used to process fiber. He was best known for his efficient factories.
Who mapped the coast of Australia when it was first colonized?
Captain James Cook
Who was Sake Dean Mahomet?
The man who opened the first curry house and introduce shampooing to Britian.
By the 18th century slavery was illegal in England but it was a fully established industry overseas. Who played an important part in changing the laws and when?
William Wilberforce, a member of parliament help change the law in 1807. Then in 1833 the Emancipation act abolished slavery in the empire.
