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Life in the UK > Life in the UK > Flashcards

Life in the UK Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four countries of the UK?

A

England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland

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2
Q

What is the official name of the UK?

A

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

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3
Q

What are the Crown Dependencies?

A

The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man

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4
Q

What are overseas territories?

A

Small islands (such as the Falkland Islands or St. Helena) which are linked to the UK, but not part of it.

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5
Q

What is the governing body of the UK?

A

Parliament

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6
Q

Where does parliament sit?

A

Westminster

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7
Q

Do the other countries in the UK have their own parliaments?

A

Yes, but they have less power than Westminster

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8
Q

When did the earliest inhabitants come to Britain?

A

Hunter gatherers came in the Stone Age

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9
Q

When did the English Channel come to exist?

A

When the landbridge separated, roughly 10,000 years ago

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10
Q

When did farming begin in Britain?

A

Around 6,000 years ago

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11
Q

Where did the first farmers in Britain originate?

A

Likely from south-east Europe

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12
Q

What county is Stonehenge in?

A

Wiltshire

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13
Q

What another Stone Age site that still survives which isn’t Stonehenge?

A

Skara Brae on Orkney, off the north coast of Scotland

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14
Q

When did the Bronze Age start?

A

Around 4,000 years ago

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15
Q

What age came after the Bronze Age?

A

The Iron Age

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16
Q

What is Maiden Castle?

A

A iron-age hill fort located in the county of Dorset

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17
Q

What language did the early settlers of Britain use?

A

An earlier version of Celtic, similar to Welsh

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18
Q

When did coin-based currency begin in Britain?

A

In the Iron Age, inscribed with the names of Iron Age kings

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19
Q

When did Romans attempt to first invade Britain?

A

55 BC, though they were unsuccessful

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20
Q

When did the Romans conquer Britain?

A

AD 43

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21
Q

Who is Boudicca?

A

The Queen of Iceni, in eastern England, who fought against the Roman invaders. Her face is on Westminster Bridge

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22
Q

Who were the Picts?

A

Ancient ancestors of the Scots

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23
Q

What was Hadrian’s wall for?

A

To keep out the Picts

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24
Q

What are Housesteads and Vinolanda?

A

Forts built on Hadrian’s wall that are now UNESCO World Heritage Sites

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25
Q

How long did the Romans occupy Britain?

A

About 400 years

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26
Q

When did Christianity come to Britain?

A

During the 3rd and 4th centuries, AD

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27
Q

When did the Roman army leave Britain?

A

AD 410, to defend other parts of the Roman Empire

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28
Q

Who invaded Britain after the Romans left?

A

The Jutes, the Angles, and the Saxons

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29
Q

By what year had the Anglo-Saxons established kingdoms?

A

AD 600

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30
Q

By what year had Britain become known as England

A

AD 600

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31
Q

What is Sutton Hoo?

A

The burial place of one of the Anglo-Saxon kings. He was buried with armour and placed in a ship.

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32
Q

Where is Sutton Hoo?

A

Suffolk

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33
Q

Where didn’t the Anglo-Saxons rule?

A

The west of Britain, including much of Wales and Scotland

34
Q

Where the Anglo-Saxons Christian?

A

No, but they were converted over time by Christian missionaries

35
Q

How did the Romans change Britain?

A

They built roads and public buildings; created laws; and introduced new plants and animals to the region.

36
Q

Who is St. Patrick?

A

The Patron Saint of Ireland and a famous Christian missionary

37
Q

Who is St. Columba?

A

Founder of a monastery on the island of Iona, off the coast of what is now Scotland

38
Q

Who is St. Augustine?

A

The first Archbishop of Canterbury, who led missionaries from Rome and spread Christianity to the south of England

39
Q

Where did Vikings from from?

A

Denmark, Norway, and Sweden

40
Q

When did Vikings first reach the UK?

A

AD 789, to raid coastal town and take away goods and slaves

41
Q

How did Vikings impact England?

A

The raided/plundered but also setup permanent communities in the east of England and Scotland

42
Q

Who defeated the Vikings?

A

Alfred the Great

43
Q

Did all the Vikings leave?

A

No, many stayed in the east and north of England

44
Q

What is “the Danelaw”?

A

An area where many Vikings stayed after the Anglo-Saxons chucked the rest out. The place has many viking names, such as Grimbsy and Scunthorpe

45
Q

Who aws Cnut (Canute)?

A

The first Danish king of England (crowned in 1017), during the short period in which Danes controlled the island.

46
Q

When did the Normans conquer Englind?

A

1066

47
Q

Who did William, Duke of Normandy, defeat in the Norman conquest?

A

Harold, the Saxon king of England

48
Q

Where did the Norman defeat the Saxons?

A

The Battle of Hastings

49
Q

What is the Bayeux Tapestry?

A

A famous depiction of the Battle of Hastings

50
Q

Has there been a foreign conquest of England since 1066?

A

Not yet!

51
Q

Did the Norman conquer all of the island?

A

Nope, they took Wales but lost it over time. They never took Scotland

52
Q

What is the Domesday Book?

A

The first mapping and census of England, done by William the Conqueror

53
Q

What years make up the Middle Ages?

A

End of the Roman empire until the beginning of the Renaissance (roughly AD476 to 1486)

54
Q

How was Wales annexed into The Crown of England?

A

In 1284, under King Edward I via the Statute of Rhuddlan

55
Q

What are Conwy and Caerarvon?

A

Castles built to maintain English power of Wales

56
Q

By when were all Welsh rebellions defeated?

A

By the 15th century, after which English laws and language were introduced

57
Q

What happened at the battle of Bannockburn?

A

Robert the Bruce defeated the English, maintaining Scottish independence

58
Q

When was the Battle of Bannockburn?

A

1314

59
Q

Was Ireland part of England at the beginning of the middle ages?

A

No, it was an independent country at that point

60
Q

What was the first English settlement in Ireland?

A

The Pale, establish around 1200

61
Q

Who fought in the Hundred Years War?

A

England and France

62
Q

How long did the Hundred Years War last?

A

116 years

63
Q

What was the most famous battle of the Hundred Yeas War?

A

The Battle of Agincourt

64
Q

What English King fought in the battle of Agincourt?

A

Henry V

65
Q

What year did the battle of Agincourt take place?

A

1415

66
Q

Until when did the English occupy France?

A

Roughly the 1450s

67
Q

What system of land ownership did the Normans use?

A

Feudalism

68
Q

When did the Black Plague begin?

A

1348

69
Q

What portion of England died from the black plague?

A

Around 1/3

70
Q

What is “the gentry”?

A

A social class comprised of owners of large tracts of land

71
Q

When did the middle class begin?

A

In the fallout of the Black Plague when labour shortages created increased wages and many people left the countryside to live in towns

72
Q

What are the origins of parliament?

A

It originated from the king’s council of advisers, which included important noblemen and the leaders of the church

73
Q

What did the Magna Carta accomplish?

A

It limited the power of the king, protecting the rights of the nobility and restricting the king’s power to collect taxes and change laws

74
Q

When was the Magna Carta chartered?

A

1215

75
Q

What languages were spoken in England in the Middle Ages?

A

Norman French, by the kings and noblemen, and Anglo-Saxon by the peasants

76
Q

By what year did English become the preferred language in England?

A

By 1400

77
Q

What author helped popularise English?

A

Geoffrey Chaucer, via The Canterbury Tales

78
Q

What was William Caxton?

A

The first person to use a printing press in the UK

79
Q

What is William Caxton famous for printing?

A

The Canterbury Tales

80
Q

What languages were spoken in Scotland during the middle ages?

A

Gaelic and Scots, the later of which was just being developed

81
Q

Who is John Barbour?

A

A Scots-language poet and the author of The Bruce, a poem about the Battle of Bannockburn

Life in the UK (1 decks)

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