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Life in the UK Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four countries of the UK?

A

England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland

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2
Q

What is the official name of the UK?

A

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

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3
Q

What are the Crown Dependencies?

A

The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man

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4
Q

What are overseas territories?

A

Small islands (such as the Falkland Islands or St. Helena) which are linked to the UK, but not part of it.

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5
Q

What is the governing body of the UK?

A

Parliament

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6
Q

Where does parliament sit?

A

Westminster

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7
Q

Do the other countries in the UK have their own parliaments?

A

Yes, but they have less power than Westminster

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8
Q

When did the earliest inhabitants come to Britain?

A

Hunter gatherers came in the Stone Age

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9
Q

When did the English Channel come to exist?

A

When the landbridge separated, roughly 10,000 years ago

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10
Q

When did farming begin in Britain?

A

Around 6,000 years ago

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11
Q

Where did the first farmers in Britain originate?

A

Likely from south-east Europe

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12
Q

What county is Stonehenge in?

A

Wiltshire

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13
Q

What another Stone Age site that still survives which isn’t Stonehenge?

A

Skara Brae on Orkney, off the north coast of Scotland

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14
Q

When did the Bronze Age start?

A

Around 4,000 years ago

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15
Q

What age came after the Bronze Age?

A

The Iron Age

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16
Q

What is Maiden Castle?

A

A iron-age hill fort located in the county of Dorset

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17
Q

What language did the early settlers of Britain use?

A

An earlier version of Celtic, similar to Welsh

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18
Q

When did coin-based currency begin in Britain?

A

In the Iron Age, inscribed with the names of Iron Age kings

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19
Q

When did Romans attempt to first invade Britain?

A

55 BC, though they were unsuccessful

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20
Q

When did the Romans conquer Britain?

A

AD 43

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21
Q

Who is Boudicca?

A

The Queen of Iceni, in eastern England, who fought against the Roman invaders. Her face is on Westminster Bridge

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22
Q

Who were the Picts?

A

Ancient ancestors of the Scots

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23
Q

What was Hadrian’s wall for?

A

To keep out the Picts

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24
Q

What are Housesteads and Vinolanda?

A

Forts built on Hadrian’s wall that are now UNESCO World Heritage Sites

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25
How long did the Romans occupy Britain?
About 400 years
26
When did Christianity come to Britain?
During the 3rd and 4th centuries, AD
27
When did the Roman army leave Britain?
AD 410, to defend other parts of the Roman Empire
28
Who invaded Britain after the Romans left?
The Jutes, the Angles, and the Saxons
29
By what year had the Anglo-Saxons established kingdoms?
AD 600
30
By what year had Britain become known as England
AD 600
31
What is Sutton Hoo?
The burial place of one of the Anglo-Saxon kings. He was buried with armour and placed in a ship.
32
Where is Sutton Hoo?
Suffolk
33
Where didn't the Anglo-Saxons rule?
The west of Britain, including much of Wales and Scotland
34
Where the Anglo-Saxons Christian?
No, but they were converted over time by Christian missionaries
35
How did the Romans change Britain?
They built roads and public buildings; created laws; and introduced new plants and animals to the region.
36
Who is St. Patrick?
The Patron Saint of Ireland and a famous Christian missionary
37
Who is St. Columba?
Founder of a monastery on the island of Iona, off the coast of what is now Scotland
38
Who is St. Augustine?
The first Archbishop of Canterbury, who led missionaries from Rome and spread Christianity to the south of England
39
Where did Vikings from from?
Denmark, Norway, and Sweden
40
When did Vikings first reach the UK?
AD 789, to raid coastal town and take away goods and slaves
41
How did Vikings impact England?
The raided/plundered but also setup permanent communities in the east of England and Scotland
42
Who defeated the Vikings?
Alfred the Great
43
Did all the Vikings leave?
No, many stayed in the east and north of England
44
What is "the Danelaw"?
An area where many Vikings stayed after the Anglo-Saxons chucked the rest out. The place has many viking names, such as Grimbsy and Scunthorpe
45
Who aws Cnut (Canute)?
The first Danish king of England (crowned in 1017), during the short period in which Danes controlled the island.
46
When did the Normans conquer Englind?
1066
47
Who did William, Duke of Normandy, defeat in the Norman conquest?
Harold, the Saxon king of England
48
Where did the Norman defeat the Saxons?
The Battle of Hastings
49
What is the Bayeux Tapestry?
A famous depiction of the Battle of Hastings
50
Has there been a foreign conquest of England since 1066?
Not yet!
51
Did the Norman conquer all of the island?
Nope, they took Wales but lost it over time. They never took Scotland
52
What is the Domesday Book?
The first mapping and census of England, done by William the Conqueror
53
What years make up the Middle Ages?
End of the Roman empire until the beginning of the Renaissance (roughly AD476 to 1486)
54
How was Wales annexed into The Crown of England?
In 1284, under King Edward I via the Statute of Rhuddlan
55
What are Conwy and Caerarvon?
Castles built to maintain English power of Wales
56
By when were all Welsh rebellions defeated?
By the 15th century, after which English laws and language were introduced
57
What happened at the battle of Bannockburn?
Robert the Bruce defeated the English, maintaining Scottish independence
58
When was the Battle of Bannockburn?
1314
59
Was Ireland part of England at the beginning of the middle ages?
No, it was an independent country at that point
60
What was the first English settlement in Ireland?
The Pale, establish around 1200
61
Who fought in the Hundred Years War?
England and France
62
How long did the Hundred Years War last?
116 years
63
What was the most famous battle of the Hundred Yeas War?
The Battle of Agincourt
64
What English King fought in the battle of Agincourt?
Henry V
65
What year did the battle of Agincourt take place?
1415
66
Until when did the English occupy France?
Roughly the 1450s
67
What system of land ownership did the Normans use?
Feudalism
68
When did the Black Plague begin?
1348
69
What portion of England died from the black plague?
Around 1/3
70
What is "the gentry"?
A social class comprised of owners of large tracts of land
71
When did the middle class begin?
In the fallout of the Black Plague when labour shortages created increased wages and many people left the countryside to live in towns
72
What are the origins of parliament?
It originated from the king's council of advisers, which included important noblemen and the leaders of the church
73
What did the Magna Carta accomplish?
It limited the power of the king, protecting the rights of the nobility and restricting the king's power to collect taxes and change laws
74
When was the Magna Carta chartered?
1215
75
What languages were spoken in England in the Middle Ages?
Norman French, by the kings and noblemen, and Anglo-Saxon by the peasants
76
By what year did English become the preferred language in England?
By 1400
77
What author helped popularise English?
Geoffrey Chaucer, via The Canterbury Tales
78
What was William Caxton?
The first person to use a printing press in the UK
79
What is William Caxton famous for printing?
The Canterbury Tales
80
What languages were spoken in Scotland during the middle ages?
Gaelic and Scots, the later of which was just being developed
81
Who is John Barbour?
A Scots-language poet and the author of The Bruce, a poem about the Battle of Bannockburn

Life in the UK (1 decks)

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