Life in Germany Flashcards
What type of education existed in pre-WW1 Germany?
Lander provided kindergarden for 3-5
w/c went to Volkesschule
mostly confessional schools
Had to pay after 14
What types pf schools were set up in WR?
Compulsory Grandschule (6-9) run by Lander
- Common schools- various faiths taught religion separately in same school
- Confessional schools became fee paying
- Secular schools - no RE
What were the education articles?
Kept compulsory Grandschule but also kept religion and faith schools
What did the government fail to introduce?
A federal school law in 1925 - Reichstag could not agree
Who supported the ideas proposed in the federal school law of having both secular and faith schools?
Reich parents league
Who opposed the ideas proposed in the federal school law of having both secular and faith schools?
The Volkskirche Association for evangelical freedom
How did education remain under the WR?
Remained diverse
29,000 Protestant schools
15,000 catholic schools
8000 common schools
What education existed beyond the age of ten?
Fee paying
Hauptschule - went in to apprenticeships/trade
Realschule - business or technical training
Gymnasium - went to uni
What exam did you have to pass to go to uni?
Abitur exam
What corporations existed in unis?
Duelling corporations
non-duelling corporations
Did the WR encourage more w/c to go to uni?
They wanted to but only 2.3% of students had w/c parents
Describe culture in WR
Influenced by international developments
Mass (popular) culture
How did the WR encourage the film industry to develop?
UFA was a government organised film company dominating the German film market
Name an American movie that had an impact
Gold Rush 1925 - Charlie Chaplin silent movie
Name two German movies
Blue Angle 1930
Metropolis 1926
How many people owned a radio by 1932?
One in Four
How did Cabaret mock the conventions of old Germany?
Used satirical comedy, jazz, semi nude dancers, show cased social and political themes
Give an example of literature looking at social themes
All Quiet on the Western Front 1928
What type of movement emerged in theatre?
New objectivity became Ziettheatre- left wing plays
Give an example of a playwright
Brecht
What was the Bauhaus movement?
A new style of architecture and design
functional and simple
led by Walter Gropius
What movement was linked to Weimar art?
New objectivity
Name two famous Weimar artists
Otto Dix and Georg Grosz
What messages did artists portray
strong political and social messages
Critical of German degradation
How did the T of V affect culture in the WR?
Led to cultural and social experimentation and decadence
What was the German Civil Code of 1900?
- Women could not vote
- married women had no legal status
- women’s role was Kinder Kirche Kuche
- could not work in law or other professions
How did the war help women?
Led to more work - 75% of work fit women working in 1918
When did women get vote?
November 1918
How many women had seats in Reichstag 1919-32?
112 women
What did Article 109 say?
Women had equal rights in principle. Marriage should be equal.
Did the Reichstag support women’s rights?
Some did, others were concerned by the falling birth rate and high divorce rate
Give examples of change for women in work
More white blouse jobs
more lawyers
number of women doctors doubled 1925-33
Give examples of continuity for women in work
- Women paid 33% less in office work
- employers preferred single women
- hard to find childcare
- poorly paid jobs
Describe the new women
Flappers - short hair, smoked and drank
sexual freedom
part of racy city culture
Who glorified women as independent role models?
Advertising and film industries
What increased hostility towards women?
The depression and unemployment
Why did the depression affect women less than men?
Women were cheaper to employ
What did Chancellor Bruning do in 1932?
Passed a law saying married women could be fired if their husbands were working
Give examples of integration of different groups before 1918
1915 - 1/3 married Jews were married to non-Jews
businesses were integrated
Give examples of prejudice before 1918
Protestant prejudice against Catholics
Poles, Gypsies and Jews often regarded as not part of the Volk
What did article 113 say?
Minority groups could use their own language and preserve their identity
What % of the population was Jewish?
1% in 1918 and 0.76% in 1933
What contributions did Jews make to society?
5 Jews had cabinet posts
Jewish literature and films
85,000 fought in WW1
What was the German Peoples offensive and defensive alliance?
an Anti-Semitic organisation with 170,000 members
banned in 1923
Give an example of Antisemitism
conservative judges were anti Semitic
Jews blamed for losing the war
increase in Antisemitism during depression
How did Jews combat Antisemitism?
organisations such as the Reich federation of Jewish front soldiers
