life in elizabethen times xx Flashcards
1
Q
- what was the result of henry vII limiting the right of nobles to hold private armies?
A
left many soldiers without work
2
Q
- why was actions of previous monarchs a reason for poverty in elizabethan england?
A
Henry Vil limited the right of nobles to
hold private armies, led to the closure of the monasteries. Monks, nuns and other Church employees were left with nowhere to live or work also left the sick and poor with no one to care for them.
3
Q
- what were the reasons for poverty in the elizabethan england?
A
•actions of previous monarchs
•population increase
4
Q
- why was actions of population increase a reason for poverty in elizabethan england?
A
• A shortage of places to live gave power to landlords who increased rents
5
Q
- who were the deserving poor?
A
• Many believed it was their duty to help those below them in society.
• They recognised that many paupers could not help their situation and were not to blame for their poverty.
• Charities for the poor grew and almshouses were established.
6
Q
- who were the undeserving poor?
A
• Some paupers were seen as undeserving: untrustworthy beggars who had no interest in honest work.
7
Q
- how where beggars dealt with from 1495?
A
• Beggars were punished in the stocks or sent back to their home towns.
8
Q
- how where beggars dealt with from 1531?
A
• Beggars were publicly whipped.
• Those caught a second time would have a hole burned in their ear.
• A third offence would mean they were hanged.
9
Q
- did the beggar laws from 1531 remain the same?
A
the laws remained in place for most of elizabeth’s reign
10
Q
- how did york deal with poverty?
A
• If beggars refused to work they were sent to the House of Correction
11
Q
- how did ipswich deal with poverty?
A
• Introduced a licensing system for beggars from 1569.
• Opened a hospital specifically to help the old and the sick
12
Q
- how did norwich deal with poverty?
A
• Rich citizens were taxed to pay for the care of the vulnerable.
13
Q
- what was introduced in 1601?
A
the first ever Poor Law
14
Q
- what did the first poor law state?
A
• The wealthy should be taxed to pay for the care of the sick and vulnerable.
• Fit and healthy paupers should be given work.
• Those who refused to work were still dealt with harshly: they could be whipped or placed in a House of Correction.
15
Q
- how effective was the poor law?
A
it made a difference to some, it wasn’t properly enforced in many areas. Begging seemed to decrease, but this may have been due to the threat of the House of Correction rather than the extra help available,
16
Q
- who helped increase englands wealth and power with their voyages?
A
Sailors like Sir Francis Drake, Sir Walter Raleigh and John Hawkins
17
Q
- what did drake complete between 1577 and 1580?
A
the first circumnavigation of the world in a single expedition.
18
Q
- what was Sir Walter Raleigh given royal permission to do?
A
to explore the Americas
19
Q
- what was sir walter raleigh allowed to do with any land not ruled by a christian?
A
colonise (take ownership of)
20
Q
- what did sir walter raleigh have to give the queen?
A
one fifth of all the gold and silver he found there
21
Q
- where was a colony established from sir walter raleigh?
A
at Roanoke on the east coast of America but did not last.
22
Q
- who was john hawkins?
A
was responsible for building up the navy and commanding it against the Spanish Armada.
23
Q
- what did john hawkins do in 1564?
A
he kidnapped several hundred West
Africans and sold them in South America. the first time the whole process had been carried out by an Englishman.
24
Q
- what did raising spanish ships and ports mean for england?
A
allowed riches to be
stolen and brought back to England
25
25. how did the spanish gain wealth?
trading systems were established, new products, like spices, silks and
porcelain, were brought to England for the first time.
26
26. what was the East India Company?
established in 1600 to oversee trade in india and the far east
27
27. had naval power been growing under elizabeth?
yes
28
28. what was the impact of voyage with power ?
• Improved weapons and tactics, and the skilled command of men like
Francis Drake, played a key role in this.
• The English victory over the Spanish Armada showed the dominant
position that England held.
29
29. what was the impact of voyage with territory ?
increasing numbers of colonies, particularly in North America, being established in the name of Queen Elizabeth and her successors.
30
30. why did elizabeth have a religious settlement?
Elizabeth was Protestant, but also practical - she knew that compromise would bring
stability and peace.
31
31. what was the religious settlement?
• Priests were allowed to marry.
• Services were all in English and followed the Protestant Book of Common Prayer.
• She declared herself 'governor' rather than 'head' of the Church.
• Catholics could worship in their own way in private.
• A moderate Protestant, Matthew Parker, was appointed Archbishop of Canterbury.
32
32. what were the challenges to elizabeth’s religious settlement?
• the northern rebellion
•the papal bull
•the ridolfi plot
33
33. when was the northern rebellion?
1569
34
34. what was the northern rebellion?
•two northern nobles led a rebellion against Elizabeth.
•Earl of Westmorland and Earl of Northumberland took control of Durham Cathedral and held an illegal Catholic mass.
•They marched south with 4600 men but the rebels disbanded when the loyal Earl of Sussex raised an army against them both Northumberland + Westmorland fled to scotland. They failed to attract support from catholic gentry
• Northumberland was executed, Westmorland escaped to France and the Duke of Norfolk was imprisoned.
35
35. what happens to westmorland and northumberland as a result of northern rebellion?
Northumberland was executed, Westmorland escaped to France and the Duke of Norfolk was imprisoned.
36
36. when was the papal bull?
On 27 April 1570,
37
37. what was the papal bull?
• issued a special message (papal bul) in which he stated that Elizabeth was not the true queen and called on the people of England not to obey her laws.
• The bull also excommunicated her from the Church. The Pope's aim
was to stir up rebellion by forcing English Catholics to choose between their queen or their religion.
38
38. when was the ridolfi plot?
1571
39
39. what was the ridolfi plot?
• The plot was led by an Italian named Ridolfi, but also involved the Duke of Norfolk and a second northern rebellion.
• This time, the uprising would coincide with an invasion of foreign Catholics from the Netherlands and the murder of Queen Elizabeth.
• Her Catholic cousin, Mary, Queen of Scots, was to be placed on the throne and would marry the Duke of Norfolk. The plot was discovered before it could be carried out.
40
40. what catholic plots challenged elizabeth?
•the throckmorton plot
•the babington plot
41
41. who’s the throckmorton plot led by?
Led by Sir Francis Throckmorton.
42
42. what was the aim of the throckmorton plot?
The plan was to assassinate Elizabeth and
replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots.
43
43. what was the throckmorton plot?
• The plan was to assassinate Elizabeth and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots.
• There would then be an uprising of English Catholics and a French invasion. The Spanish ambassador was also involved.
• When the plot failed, Throckmorton was executed
44
44. who was the babington plot led by?
1586
45
45. what was the plan of the babington plot?
The plan was to murder Elizabeth and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots.
46
46. what was the result of the babington plot?
• The plot's discovery led to the trial and execution of Mary.
47
47. what was the counter-reformation?
The Counter-Reformation was the attempt by the Catholic Church to bring many Protestants back to the old faith
48
48. what was a key movement with counter-reformation?
jesuits
49
49. who were the jesuits?
The Society of Jesus was created in 1540 and it began to send missionaries to England from 1580. Its purpose was to convert the Protestant population to Catholicism. Elizabeth saw the Jesuits as a threat.
50
50. who were the key jesuits in england?
Edmund Campion arrived in England on 24 June 1580 as missionaries. Campion travelled the country spreading his message,
Campion became a wanted man because the authorities were convinced he wanted to start a rebellion.
51
51. where the jesuits really a threat?
Elizabeth and many others, however, saw them as a genuine threat to the
stability of England, even if they were not directly involved in any plots against her.
52
52. what were the key points of law in 1571?
• Recusancy fines for Catholics who did not take part in Protestant services.
• Elizabeth did not enforce the law too harshly;
53
53. what were the key points of law in 1581?
•Recusancy fines were increased to £20 - more than most could afford; this law was strictly enforced. It became high treason to convert to Catholicism.
54
54. what were the key points of law in 1585?
•Any Catholic priest who had been ordained (made a priest) after 1539 was considered a traitor and he, and anyone protecting him, faced death.
55
55. how were the jesuits dealt with?
edmund campion was arrested and, despite maintaining that he had no
plans to overthrow the queen, was brutally tortured and dragged through London before being hanged, drawn
and quartered.
56
56. who were puritans?
strict protestants
57
57. what did the puritans want to remove from the english church?
all Catholic elements
58
58. what did the puritans want?
They studied the Bible, wanted plain clothing and simple services
59
59. who were presbyterians?
hard line puritans who questioned Elizabeth's religious settlement and the need for bishops.
60
60. what did presbyterians do in the 1970’s?
they held popular meetings, called prophesyings, to discuss the Bible. There was often criticism of the queen and her religious policies at these meetings, too.
61
61. what did edmund grindal encourage?
prophesyings
62
62. what did elizabeth do to edmund grindal?
Elizabeth suspended Grindal as Archbishop.
63
63. who was john field?
in 1580, John Field, a prominent and very strict Puritan, was banned from preaching.
64
64. who where Peter Wentworth and Anthony Cope?
Presbyterian MPs who tried to bring change to the Church by introducing bills to Parliament, however, they did not gain much support
from other MPs.
65
65. when edmund grindal died in 1583 who did elizabeth re place him with?
Elizabeth replaced him as Archbishop with John Whitgift,
66
66. who did john whitgift have a tough stance against?
puritans
67
67. when did elizabeth began to crack down on puritanisms?
deaths of Dudley in 1588 and Walsingham in 1590
68
69
69. what where the measures against puritanism?
• New rules introduced by Whitgift banning unlicensed preaching and forcing church attendance with recusancy fines.
• The dismissal or imprisonment of hundreds of clergymen.
• A crackdown on high profile Puritans, like Anthony Cope, who was imprisoned in the Tower of London
70
70. why did the influence of puritanism decline after 1590?
• The death of powerful Puritans removed its influence in the royal
court.
• Whitgift's crackdown broke the organisation of Puritanism.
71
71. why did plots against elizabeth fail?
•spies
•religious settlement
•punishment
•unconvincing alternatives
72
72. how did spies make plots against elizabeth fail?
• Elizabeth's huge network of spies was able to quickly identify threats and deal with troublemakers.
• Sir Francis Walsingham, one of the
queen's most trusted advisors, was also her spymaster.
73
73. how did unconvincing altnernatives make plots against elizabeth fail?
• Most people, even Catholics, preferred the idea of an English queen to a foreign ruler
• Mary was not generally trusted, having been widely blamed for her husband's death,
• The lack of a popular alternative monarch meant that most rebellions could not gain wide support.
74
74. how did punishment make plots against elizabeth fail?
• Elizabeth rarely showed mercy to those who betrayed her.
• Rebels were tortured and brutally executed.
• Elizabeth even executed her own cousin, Mary, Queen of Scots,
75
75. how did religious settlements make plots against elizabeth fail?
• Elizabeth's religious policy kept the
majority happy.
• religious differences were mostly tolerated.
76
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