Life Cycle

Question 1

Bowlby attachment styles

Answer 1

1. Secure (almost 2/3 of infants in the developed world)
2. Anxious-ambivalent (preoccupied)
3. Anxious-avoidant (dismissing)

Question 2

Holding environment

Answer 2

In the relationship of the environment, kids have several basic needs

1. Attachment
2. Responsive balance of stimulation and soothing
3. Separation and individuation through exploration
4. Self-determined activity

Question 3

Piaget Birth to age 2

Answer 3

Sensorimotor

Link movement with senses

Question 4

Piaget 2-6

Answer 4

Preoperational
language to structure memory
magical thinking

Question 5

Piaget 6-11

Answer 5

concrete operational - start using rational thought but need to see it and touch it

Question 6

Piaget adulthood

Answer 6

formal operational - think through things that they cant see

Question 7

Schema

Answer 7

a general framework that provides a model for understanding some aspect of the world

Question 8

Assimilation

Answer 8

making new information fit into existing schemata

Question 9

Accomodation

Answer 9

changing existing schemata in light of new info

Question 10

Equilibrium

Answer 10

Back and forth process of experiencing the world and adjusting understanding is

Question 11

Infancy - major task

Answer 11

to learn trust through appropriate and attuned responsiveness leading to a secure attachment

Question 12

Neurological Development

Answer 12

Critical factor in accomplishing developmental tasks

Question 13

Primary psychological task

Answer 13

to establish a secure attachment to one person leading to basic trust

Question 14

The orchid hypothesis

Answer 14

Constitutionally based individual differences in emotional, motor, and attentional reactivity and self-regulation

Question 15

The big 5

Answer 15

neuroticism
extraversion
openness to experience
agreeableness
conscientiousness

Question 16

Sensitive and attuned parenting in creating a secure attachment requires caregiver to

Answer 16

Be aware of baby signals
Accurately interpret baby signal
Respond appropriately
Respond promptly

Question 17

As a result of sensitive and attuned parenting, infants

Answer 17

cry less
develop a wider repertoire of communication
are more obedient to the commands of the mother

Question 18

Stranger Anxiety

Answer 18

begins 6/8 - peaks 10/14

Distress with unfamiliar person indicates good development

Question 19

Stranger anxiety requires

Answer 19

ability to remember mothers face
compare it with another face
realize the difference
realize mother is not there

Question 20

Transitional object

Answer 20

An object to which a child forms an attachment, and aids in the development of the capacity of self-soother

Question 21

Toddler 18-3 years

Answer 21

self assertion and increased bodily control and self regulation

Question 22

Toddlers and preschoolers in your office

Answer 22

talk about it
make a book
answer questions
do it by proxy with doll or stuff animal
be honest

Question 23

Connecting with small children

Answer 23

introduce yourself
talk directly to the child
find something to comment on
let them try a tool if you have one
tell them what youre going to do before doing it
stickers or hand stamps are good

Question 24

Sex differences

Answer 24

biological

Question 25

Gender differences

Answer 25

cultural differences in the bx and roles of males and females

Question 26

Erikson Birth - 1 year

Answer 26

Trust vs. Mistrust

Question 27

Erikson 1-3

Answer 27

Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt independence and self assertion - I do it Capacity to say no

Question 28

Erikson 3-5

Answer 28

Initative vs. Guilt Beginning to confrom to societal expectations begin to see self as member of community

Question 29

Erikson 5 - 11

Answer 29

Industry vs. Inferiority marked increase in comparison to others deevlop self esteem

Question 30

Eriksn 11-21

Answer 30

Identity vs Role Confusion who am I Eploration and commitment Difficult - high baseline rates of emotional distress

Question 31

Erikson 21-40

Answer 31

Intimacy vs Isolation young adulthood ned to find commitment and deep lasting emotionally intimiate relationships

Question 32

Erikson 40-60

Answer 32

Generativity vs. Stagnation Raise the next generation | capacity to contribute meaningfully in the world

Question 33

Erikson 60-death

Answer 33

Integrity vs. Despair | review of life and make sense and meaning of it

Question 34

Classical Conditioning

Answer 34

Conditioning of involuntary responses | Pavlov dogs footsteps came to be associated with food leading to salivation in response to footsteps

Question 35

Operant Conditioning

Answer 35

Condiitioning of voluntary behavior reinforcement will always make a bx more likely Punishment will always make a bx less likely

Question 36

Zone of proximal developemnt

Answer 36

the level of skills that a learner can accomplish with the help from someone else

Question 37

ADHD

Answer 37

symptoms start before age 12 and are present in more than 1 setting occurs in 5% OF CHILDREN AND 2.5% OF ADULTS

Question 38

Symptoms of ADHD

Answer 38

``` Carelessness Difficulty concentrating Not listening Failure to complete tasks Difficulty organizing tasks Avoidance of tasks that require sustained effort Frequently losing items Forgetfulness ```

Question 39

Consequences of ADHD

Answer 39

``` reduced school performance social rejection inc neg interactions reduced occupational performance elevated risk of conduct disorder elevated substance use elevated risk of injury ```

Question 40

strategies for working with kids with ADHD

Answer 40

``` stay calm dontpersonalize misbehavior or attribute it Focus on strengths be persistent offer clear strcuture focus on reqards rather than punishements offer quiet environment channel child's need to move ```

Question 41

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Answer 41

Inability to engage in normal covnersation Reduced sharing of interests and emotions Deficits in nonverbal communication Deficits in devleoping and understadning relationships

Question 42

Strategies for working with kids with ASD

Answer 42

``` focus on pos reinforcement break task into small steps pick goals that are manageable be consistent be aware of emotions create visuals validate feelings offer low stimulus enivornment ignore challening bx give choices with parameters Use positive language ```

Question 43

Cerebral Palsy

Answer 43

imapiremnt in areas of brain that control motor function Heterogenous group of non progressive disroders Wide range of severity from mild to severe might be weakness or stiffnes/spasticity

Question 44

Kohlberg Level 1

Answer 44

Preconventional Stage 1 = heteronomous morality (end of preschool) Stage 2 = instrumental morality (7-8)

Question 45

Kohlberg Level 2

Answer 45

Conventional Stage 3 = good child moratlity (10-11) Stage 4 = law and order mentality (adolescence to early 20s)

Question 46

Kohlberg level 3

Answer 46

postconventional Stage 5 = social contract reasonging Stage 6 = universal practices

Question 47

Gilligan critique

Answer 47

all participants were male G argued that women tend to reason more out of morality and care whcih is in the lower stages subsequent research shows no differences

Question 48

Early adolescence

Answer 48

``` 10-13 quest for autonomy from family period of testing authority body image issues are common anxiety about body issue little impulse control - want quick gratification ```

Question 49

Middle adolescence

Answer 49

``` 14-17 less interested in parents and more interested in peers conformity with peer group attractvieness to peers is major concern reasoning begins to develop ```

Question 50

Late adolescence

Answer 50

``` 17-21 relationships with parents are renegotiated and typically improve values mirror that of family peer values are less important body image is realistic ```

Question 51

Parenting ways to optimize adolescent outcomes

Answer 51

clear standards firm but not coercive consistent discipline explain basis for decisions

Question 52

No exploration, no commitment

Answer 52

identiy diffusion

Question 53

exploration and no commitment

Answer 53

moratorium

Question 54

no exploration and commitment

Answer 54

foreclosure

Question 55

Exploration and commitment

Answer 55

identity achievment (56% by age 24

Question 56

Heterosexism

Answer 56

prejudice against individuals and groups who display non heterosexual behaviors or identities

Question 57

Facets of job satisfaction

Answer 57

``` work itself compensation promotions supervision coworkers ```

Question 58

Job characteristics model

Answer 58

``` skill variety task identity task significance autonomy feedback ```

Question 59

Job satisfaction is correlated with

Answer 59

longevity | moderately with work performance

Question 60

Job dissatisfaction is correlated with

Answer 60

turnover | lack of career development within the organization

Question 61

Burnout is likely to occur when

Answer 61

``` workload demands exceed one's capacity responsibility for outcomes are not matched by authority to influence those outcomes lack of pay or other recognition lack of interpersonal support workplace is unfair conflict of values ```

Question 62

What doesnt change with aging

Answer 62

need for community presence of emotion personality

Question 63

What does change with aging

Answer 63

social networks diminish in number senses dim negative emotions become less frequent self regulation improves; physical reserves decline meaningful activities are prioritized more

Question 64

Factors that can complicate grief

Answer 64

``` highly conflicted or dependent relationships with the deceased sudden violent death or traumatic death death of a child multiple losses in short period Ambiguous deaths (abducted children) Stigmatized deaths (suicide, AIDS) Hx of depression or psychiatric illness Hx of trauma or unresolved loss Lack of social support ```

Question 65

What to do when you are seeing someone who is grieving

Answer 65

acknowledge the loss try to understand what they are feeling and validate their feelings Invite the person to share about the person Avoid trying to fix the problem - just listen Offer resources Avoid saying to let go