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TEAS > Life and Physical Sciences > Flashcards

Life and Physical Sciences Flashcards

1
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Sugars and starches, which the body breaks down into glucose.

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2
Q

Enzymes

A

A type of protein that acts as a catalyst. They are not consumed in the reaction. They speed up reactions by lowering the energy required by the system to initiate the reaction.

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3
Q

Endothermic

A

Involving absorption of heat

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4
Q

Exothermic

A

Involving release of heat

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5
Q

Lipids

A

Fatty acids and their derivatives that are insoluble in water.

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6
Q

Macromolecules

A

A molecule that contains a large number of atoms.

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7
Q

Monomers

A

A molecule that can bond to identical molecules to form a polymer.

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8
Q

Nucleic Acids

A

Long molecules made of nucleotides; DNA and RNA.

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9
Q

Polymer

A

A substance composed of similar units bonded together.

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10
Q

Proteins

A

Molecules composed of amino acids, joined by peptide bonds.

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11
Q

Chromatid

A

One of two strange a chromosome divides into during mitosis.

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12
Q

Chromosome

A

A structure made of protein and one molecule of DNA.

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13
Q

Deoxyribose Sugar

A

The sugar obtained from DNA by hydrolysis.

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14
Q

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

A

The material that contains genetic information

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15
Q

Gene

A

A string of DNA that is the basic unit of heredity.

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16
Q

Hydrogen Bond

A

The attraction between hydrogen atoms and highly electronegative atoms.

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17
Q

Nucleotide

A

The building block of DNA and RNA

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18
Q

Nucleus

A

The core of an atom

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19
Q

Phosphate Group

A

A phosphorus atom bound to 4 oxygen atoms.

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20
Q

Dihybrid

A

The cross between parents with different alleles for two genes.

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21
Q

Dominant

A

The most powerful trait.

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22
Q

Genotype

A

The genetic makeup of an individual

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23
Q

Inheritance

A

Transmission of characteristics to offspring

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24
Q

Mendelian

A

Inheritance of parents to offspring

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25
Q

Monohybrid

A

The cross between parents with different alleles for one gene

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26
Q

Non-Mendelian

A

Inheritance of traits that do not follow Mendelian patterns

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27
Q

Phenotype

A

Physical appearance formed by genetics and environment

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28
Q

Recessive

A

Traits that that are makes if dominant alleles are also present.

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29
Q

Anion

A

A negatively charged ion

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30
Q

Atom

A

The most basic complete unit of an element

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31
Q

Cation

A

A positively charged ion

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32
Q

Covalent Bond

A

A chemical bond in which electron pairs are shared between atoms

33
Q

Electron

A

A negatively charged atomic particle

34
Q

Group

A

A column of elements in the periodic table

35
Q

Ion

A

A positively or negatively charged atom or molecule

36
Q

Ionic Bond

A

The bond between two oppositely charged ions.

37
Q

Neutron

A

An atomic particle with no electric charge

38
Q

Orbital

A

An area around the nucleus where an electron can be found

39
Q

Period

A

One of seven horizontal rows in the periodic tables

40
Q

Periodic Table

A

The table of elements expressed as columns and rows.

41
Q

Proton

A

A positively charged atomic particle

42
Q

Valence Electron

A

An electron in an outer orbital that can from bonds with other atoms

43
Q

Boiling Point

A

The temperature at which a liquid boils and turns into vapor.

44
Q

Chemical Properties

A

Characteristics of a material that is present during a chemical reaction or chemical change.

45
Q

Density

A

The amount of mass per volume (m/v)

46
Q

Diffusion

A

Mingling of substances and movement from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.

47
Q

Extensive Properties

A

An extensive property is a property that changes when the size of the sample changes. Examples are mass, volume, length, and total charge.

48
Q

Intensive Properties

A

An intensive property doesn’t change when you take away some of the sample. Examples are temperature, color, hardness, melting point, boiling point, pressure, molecular weight, and density.

49
Q

Malleability

A

The ability of a metal to be shaped.

50
Q

Melting Point

A

The temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid.

51
Q

Nonpolar

A

A type of covalent bond in which two atoms share electrons.

52
Q

Osmosis

A

Passage of fluid through a membrane

53
Q

Physical Properties

A

Observable properties of matter

54
Q

Polar

A

A molecule that has negative and positive sides

55
Q

Specific Heat Capacity

A

The amount of energy needed to change the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 degree Celsius

56
Q

Boiling

A

Liquid at a temperature at which it is changing to a vapor

57
Q

Condensation

A

Changing of vapor to gas or liquid

58
Q

Critical Point

A

The temperature at which the liquid and gas phases of a substance have the same density.

59
Q

Freezing

A

Changing form a liquid to a solid due to temperature

60
Q

Gas

A

A state of matter composed of molecules in constant random motion

61
Q

Liquid

A

A state of matter that has definite volume but no definite shape.

62
Q

Melting

A

Changing form a solid to a liquid due to temperature.

63
Q

Phase Diagram

A

A graph of physical states of a substance under varying temperature and pressure.

64
Q

Solid

A

A state of matter that retains its shape and density when not contained.

65
Q

Sublimation

A

Changing from a gas to a solid without becoming a liquid.

66
Q

Triple Point

A

The temperature and pressure at which solid, liquid, and vapor phases of a pure substance coexist.

67
Q

Acid

A

A substance with a pH less than 7

68
Q

Base

A

A substance with a pH greater than 7.

69
Q

Catalyst

A

A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without undergoing permanent chemical change.

70
Q

Chemical Equation

A

Mathematic representation of a chemical reaction.

71
Q

Compound

A

A substance made of 2 or more elements.

72
Q

Element

A

Pure substances that cannot be broken into simpler substance.

73
Q

Enzyme

A

A substance produced by a living thing that acts as a catalyst.

74
Q

Metal

A

A substance that is a good conductor of electricity and heat, forms cations by loss of electrons, and yields basic oxides and hydroxides.

75
Q

Nonmetal

A

Any element or substance that is not a metal.

76
Q

Organic Molecule

A

A molecule found in a living thing that contains carbon.

77
Q

pH

A

The measure of acidity of alkalinity.

78
Q

Salt

A

A chemical compound formed from the reaction of an acid with a base, with at least part of the hydrogen of the acid replaced by a cation.

TEAS (4 decks)

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