Life and Living and Structures Flashcards
What are habitats in water called?
Aquatic habitats
What are habitats on land called?
Terrestrial habitats.
What does INTERDEPENDENCE mean in terms of plants and animals?
Plants and animals depend on each other for food and shelter.
What does BIODIVERSITY mean?
Plants, animals and their habitats make up the biodiversity on earth.
What are INDIGENOUS plants and animals?
They are plants and animals that have always lived in a certain area.
How has the water lily adapted to live in water?
The leaves are large and flat and float on the water.
How has the aloe adapted to live in dry areas?
The leaves are thick and fleshy to store water.
How have rooibos plants adapted to dry and sandy soil?
The leaves are thin and small so less water loss takes place.
How has a frog adapted to live in water?
Fingers and toes are webbed so it can swim.
How have zebra adapted to live in grasslands?
Strong legs for running and stripes that temporarily blind predators when running.
Describe what a plant HOST is.
A plant that provides food, water or shelter for another plant.
Describe how butterflies and flowers depend on each other.
Butterflies drink nectar from flowers and flowers depend on butterflies for pollination.
Name some of the non-living things (RESOURCES) that animals and plants depend on to survive.
Air, water, sun, soil
Why is it important to remove alien plants from a natural habitat?
The alien plants grow more quickly and use up the resources required by the indigenous plants.
Define EXOSKELETON.
Shell or hard covering on the outside of an animal.
Define INVERTEBRATE.
An animal that doesn’t have a backbone made of bone.
What does it means when an animals MOULTS?
The animal sheds its outer covering to grow a new bigger one.
What is an ENDOSKELETON?
The skeleton is found inside an animals body.
Define VERTEBRATE.
An animal with a bony backbone.
What is CARTILAGE?
Flexible, tough substance that cushions bones at joints.
Name the five groups of animals that have an ENDOSKELETON.
Mammals, birds, fish, reptiles and amphibians.
Define the word HABITAT.
The natural home of a plant or animal
Main = water [such as swamps or marine] or land [such as forests or deserts]
What does it mean to say that animals have adapted?
Over long periods of time, animals have changed (or adapted) to suit their habitats. This means that they have developed traits to help them travel, stay safe, and find food.
How does pond weed adapt?
It grows just under the surface of the water to get lots of sun and has a flexible stem to move with the water.
How has a cactus adapted?
It has a large stem to store water and has turned its leaves into spines because there is so much sun.
How do plants that grow under trees adapt?
They grow bigger leaves to reach out and find sunlight.
How has the dolphin adapted?
Smooth skin to swim fast.
How has the eagle adapted?
Big eyes for spotting prey.
How has the camel adapted?
Hump for storing fat for food.
How has the giraffe adapted?
Long neck to reach high leaves.
How has the seal adapted?
Blubber to keep warm.
How has the lion adapted?
Gold fur to camouflage in the grass.
How has the cheetah adapted?
Very fast to catch prey.
How has the tiger adapted?
Sharp teeth to eat prey and striped fur to camouflage.
What kind of habitats are most at risk?
Wetlands and grasslands
Who is responsible for animals and plants becoming extinct?
Humans
What do humans often do that endangers animals?
Destroy their habitat through urbanisation or deforestation.
Name five habitats.
Desert, Tundra, Forest, Marine, Grasslands
Name the common features of the DESERT habitat.
dry, hot/cold
Name the common features of the TUNDRA habitat.
Cold, dry and tree-less [Arctic / Alpine tundra];
Dwarf shrubs, grasses, lichens; plants are small and grow close to the ground because of the wind and cold.
Animals have extra layer of fat to keep warm, fur is longer/thicker in winter.
What key role does the vertebrate skeleton play?
Protects the vital organs such as brain, heart and lungs.
What protects the brain of all invebrates?
Skull
Give the scientific name for the following common names for parts of the human skeleton. SKULL UPPER ARM COLLARBONE HIP BONE SPINE LOWER ARM THIGH BONE KNEE CAP SHIN BONE ANKLE BONE SHOULDER BLADE
SKULL - cranium UPPER ARM - humerus COLLARBONE - clavicle HIP BONE - pelvis SPINE - vertebral column LOWER ARM - radius THIGH BONE - femur KNEE CAP - patella SHIN BONE - tibia ANKLE BONE - tarsal SHOULDER BLADE - scapula
What element makes bones hard and strong?
Calcium
What is a MUSCLE?
Tough elastic tissue that pull our bones when we move.
What are TENDONS?
Tough cords that attach muscles to bones.
What are LIGAMENTS?
Bands that connect bone to bone and strengthen the joint.
Explain how muscles work in pairs.
As one muscle contracts, the other muscle in the pair relaxes.
Explain what animal ADAPTATIONS are.
Changes in an animal’s body over a long period of time that allow it to survive better in its environment.
What is the name given to the points in the body where bones meet?
Joints
Which of the following are invertebrates?
Hedgehog, grasshopper, fish, fly, penguin and snail
Fly, snail and grasshopper.
Give 4 characteristics of Mammals.
Live young
warm blooded
have lungs
hair/fur
Give 4 characteristics of Fish.
live under water
cold blooded
lay lots of eggs
swim
Give 4 characteristics of Amphibians.
live on land and water
lay eggs
webbed feet
cold blooded
Give 4 characteristics of Reptiles
dry skin
cold blooded
usually lay eggs
scales
Give 4 characteristics of birds.
beaks
warm blooded
eggs
feathers and wings
Are the following vertebrate or invertebrate? T-rex, Scorpion, Fox, Spider, Fish, Snail
T-rex = Vertebrate Scorpion = Invertebrate Fox = Vertebrate Spider = Invertebrate Fish = Vertebrate Snail = Invertebrate
