Life and Evolution Flashcards
Name the Importance of Theodore Schwann.
Credited with developing cell theory which states that all living organisms are composed of cells.
Name the importance of Hans and Zacharias Janssen.
Creating a compound microscope that could zoom in 3-9 x.
Name the importance of Robert Hooke.
Coining the word cell to name the basic unit of life.
Name the importance of Anton Van Leeuwenhoek.
Known as the father of microbiology. Invented the microscope. Disapproved the idea of spontaneous generation and discovered sperm and blood cells.
Name the importance of Louis Pasteur.
Germ theory, fermentation, vaccines for rabies and anthrax, and the famous process of pasteurization to kill harmful bacteria.
Name the importance of Francesco Redi.
Conducted groundbreaking experiments to disprove the theory of spontaneous generation, demonstrating that maggots develop from fly eggs, not meat.
Name the importance of Lynn Margulis.
Sided with the evolutionary perspective. Created the idea of symbiosis.
Name the importance of Charles Darwin.
Widely known for his contributions to evolution on his trip to the Galapagos Island. Created the ideas of descent with modification, and survival of the fittest.
Name the six characteristics of life.
Composed of cells, responds to environment, grows and develops, obtain and use energy, reproduction, and levels of organization.
What was original cell theory? How is it different today?
The first cell theory created by Theodore and Matthias Schwann was this:
1. All organisms are made of cells.
2. The cell is the structural unit of life.
3. Disputed whether cells are made from pre-existing cells or free cell formation.
Today:
1. All known living things are made of cells.
2. The cell is a structural and functional unit of life.
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells by division.
4. Cells contain hereditary information that is passed from cell to cell during division.
5. All cells are basically the same in chemical composition.
6. All energy flow of life occurs within cells.
Are viruses living or non-living?
Non-living. They do not have cells, but genetic material encased in proteins. They require cells to spread, a living host.
Are bacteria living?
Yes, single celled organisms that meet what it takes to be living.
What things do microscopes use to see magnified images?
Light, Electrons, Confocal lenses, STORM with fluorescent chemicals.
How are cells organized?
Cells are organized into tissues, tissues form organs, organs form organs systems to form a complete organism.
What is an adaption?
Adjusting to an environmental stimuli. They can be structural, psychological, or behavioral traits to improve survival and reproduction.
What is a scientific theory?
An idea created through extensive scientific research, experimentation, and general acceptance by the scientific community.
What is descent with modification? What does it imply in the theory of evolution?
The passing down of traits from parents to offspring. To the theory of evolution, this has been happening since a single common ancestor.
Why do genetic modifications happen?
Modifications happen for a reason to provide some benefit to the organism.
What are the principles and processes of the Theory of Evolution?
The two principles are descent with modification and survival of the fittest. Natural selection, genetic drift, and selective breeding are the processes in which the first two happen.
What is survival of the fittest? What process is used to make this happen?
The principle that offspring with more favorable traits will survive and reproduce more successfully. Natural selection.
What is natural selection?
The process in which populations of living organisms adapt and change. Organisms with good traits will survive longer and have a better chance at survival to pass down their traits. Over time, the population will increase in the frequency of beneficial traits. ex. giraffes
What is genetic drift?
Random fluctuations in the number of gene variations in a population. Enough genetic variation can lead to the creation of a new species.
What is a bottlenecking event?
Bottlenecking events are events that drastically reduce the size of a population. This is a part of genetic drift, because a small population will be genetically distinct from the previous one.
What is selective breeding?
Breeding used to help humans develop organisms with desirable characteristics. It is common in agriculture with creating pest, temperature, and drought resistant crops
