Life And Culture In Germany Flashcards
What was life like for women before 1914?
Can not vote
Can study for professions but could not take exams to qualify and practise
Married women had no legal status
Kinder,Küche,Kirche (kids, kitchen, church)
Very traditional
Different for poor women
What was life like for Women? (Weimar)
Women were allowed to vote
Did white blouse jobs
More women started to work
Faced hostility and discrimination form male colleagues
Expected to stop working after they are married
Less babies due to expenses
Doppelrerdiner (double wages, family brining in 2 incomes)
Who were the new women?
Women who seemed independent
Wore revealing clothing and cut their hair short
Smoked and drank
Film and advertising industries liked these women
Government and media did not like these women
Faced wage and sexual discrimination
Mostly did white blouse jobs
Spent money on going out
Minority
Why were jews hated in Weimar Germany?
Communism was linked with jews
Linked to economic crises as they still did well. They were persecuted and blamed for it
People thought jews controlled the world
Accused of trying to eradicate German culture
What was article 113?
Allowed preservation of culture for groups that spoke another language or had another religion
Attitude towards Jews
Formed 1% of the German population
Some Jews were politicians, Walter Rathneau was assassinated after becoming foreign minister
Anti-Semitic organisations are banned
Jews were discriminated more after the Great Depression
Jewish organisations were set up
Judges were anti Semitic
Attitudes towards Gypsies
Discriminated against since they contributed nothing to society
Prussia and Bavaria passed laws to control gypsies
Bavaria said all gypsies had to carry identity cards
Attitudes towards Poles
After the war, borders were redrawn leaving Germans stranded on the wrong side of the border. There was serious hostility words poles as they fought against the Germans
Education before the war
Some Länder (states) provide kindergarten care for an hour in the morning for kids aged 3-5
Education was compulsory for ages 6-14
Children of upperclass went to fee paying schools
Working class children went to Volkeschule (schools with classes over 50)
They taught basic numeracy, reading and writing
Most schools were confessional schools (faith)
Most working class children needed to work from 14
Education after the age of 14 was expensive
The system supported the status quo, supporting children from professional families
Weimar education
Compulsory Grunschule was set up for all children from ages 6-10
Clerical inspections stopped
Children can be removed from religious education
Non confession state schools were set up when a federal education law still needed to be decided
Confessional schools can run as private schools
In 1921 and 1925, the Reichstag could not agree
They agreed on a new bill in 1927 in which confessional schools, non confessional schools and secular schools ran on equal fitting
In 1931, there were 29,020 Protestant schools, 15,256 catholic schools, 97 Jewish schools, 8921 non confessional schools and 295 secular schools
What were the limitations of the education system?
Child’s career was decided at the age of 10 2.3% of fathers of university students were working class, 45% were civil servants Cooperations were set up which excluded people by social class or race
How did the depression affect the position of women?
Rise in unemployment meant more hostility towards working women. Women actually suffered a less steep level of unemployment. On 30th may 1932, Bruning passed a decree allowing the dismissal of married women in government service if they had husbands who were earning. The same thing happened in private industries.
What was culture like in Weimar?
It was portrayed as being vibrant, experimental and decadent. There were influential movements such as Bauhaus and Neue Sachlichkeit
What was art elite culture?
Artists, intellectuals, writers and supporters formed this group. They were the most experimental. They favoured the expressionist look but then gave it a darker twist with the new objectivity movement. It influenced art, music, literature, opera and theatre.
How did the government support culture?
It subsidised theatre, orchestra, museums and libraries. They were small and social welfare subjects were more popular. It encouraged other cultural initiatives.
