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Anatomija > Liemuo > Flashcards

Liemuo Flashcards

1
Q

Hipokrato somatotipai

A

Hapitus ptizikus(?) - ilgos proporcijos, labiau linke i tuberkulioze

Habitus apoplecticus - smulkios stambios galunes, masyvus kunas. Kardiovaskulines ligos

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2
Q

Skirstant i somatotipus (ekto, meso ir endo) kas svarbiausia

A

Skeletas

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3
Q

Heat ir Carter metodika nekalba apie

A

Kaip somatotipai gali buti susije su charakteriu, intelektu, sasajas su ligomis

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4
Q

Kas labiliausias

A

Riebalinis audinys

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5
Q

Ar labilus skeletas patiria greiciau osteoporoze senatveje

A

Taip

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6
Q

Moteru orgazie normos atveju kokiu pavidalu riebalinis audinys

A

Kriauses

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7
Q

Obuolio riebalu kaupimasis ligos

A

II CD, sirdies ir kraujagysliu

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8
Q

Kas dar tapatinamas su simpatine ns

A

Skausmo suvokimas

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9
Q

Širdies, aortos lanko simpatine inervacija

A

Th1-Th5

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10
Q

Plauciu, bronchu simpatine ivervacija

A

Th4-Th5(12)

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11
Q

Stemples simpatine inervacija

A

Th1-Th8(10)

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12
Q

Skrandzio simpatine inervacija

A

Th4-Th10

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13
Q

Dvylikapirstes simpatine inervacija

A

Th5-Th9

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14
Q

Kasos simpatine inervacija

A

Th6(7)-Th9

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15
Q

Bluznies simpatine inervacija

A

Th6-Th8

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16
Q

Kepenu ir tulzies pusles simpatine inervacija

A

Th6(7)-Th10

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17
Q

Tusciosios zarnos simpatine inervacija

A

Th6-Th10

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18
Q

Klubines zarnos simpatine inervacija

A

Th7-Th10

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19
Q

Kepenu ir tulzies pusles skausmo plitimo sritys

A

Pakrutinio sritis (epigastriumas), desinioji pasones sritis regio hipochondriaca dextra, virs raktikaulio i peti

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20
Q

Koks nervas inervuoja iki flexura coli sinistra

A

N. Vagus

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21
Q

Aklosios zarnos simpatine inervacija

A

Th9-Th11

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22
Q

Kirmelines ataugos simpatine inervacija

A

Th10-Th11

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23
Q

Kylancios gaubtines simpatine inervacija

A

Th10-Th11

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24
Q

Skersines gaubtines simpatine inervacija

A

Th11-Th12

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25
Q

Nusileidzianciosios gaubtines simpatine inervacija

A

Th12-L1

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26
Q

Riestines zarnos simpatine inervacija

A

L1-L2

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27
Q

Inkstu, antinksciu simpatine inervacija

A

Th10(5)-L1

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28
Q

Slapimtakiu simpatine inervacija

A

Th11-L1

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29
Q

Slapimo pusles simpatine inervacija

A

L1(Th12)-L2

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30
Q

Moters lytiniu simpatine inervacija

A

Th5-L4

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31
Q

Vyro lytiniu simpatine inervacija

A

Th10-L4

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32
Q

Parasimpatinemis zemiau flexura coli sinistra inervuoja

A

nn. splanchnici pelvici is sakraliniu segmentu

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33
Q

Ar sensorine inervacija neblogai sutampa su simpatine inervacija

A

Taip

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34
Q

Ar tie patys nugaros smegenu segmentai teikia info tiek somatinems zonoms, kurios yra labai nutolusios nuo tam tikru vidaus organu, ir tam tikram vidaus organui

A

Taip

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35
Q

Ar is sensoriniu ir visceraliniu sriciu sueina i nugaros smegenis pradeda kilti vienu pluostu?

A

Taip

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36
Q

Ar gali apendicito skausmas plisti ne i desine klubine, bet i kaire klubine sriti

A

Gali

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37
Q

Kuo mazesnis vaikas, tuo didesne tikimybe, kad jam skausmas apendicito atveju lokalizuosis

A

Auksciau, epigastriume kazkur (nes vaikai gimsta su santykinai dideliais vidaus organais)

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38
Q

Del ko dar vaikams skausmas kitaip veikia

A

Nes nesubrendusi periferine NS, vyksta tik mielinizacija.

impulsai gali “paklysti”

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39
Q

Plintantis skausmas link zandikaulio per visa kakla ka dar gali priminti

A

Skausma is plauciu, pleuros

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40
Q

Kada gemalas jau turi krutu uzuomazgu pirmtakus

A

5 savaite

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41
Q

Kada susidaro pieno liaukos pumpurai gemma primaria

A

7 savaite

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42
Q

Kada susidaro pieno liauku duobes fovea mammariae

A

10-14 savaite

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43
Q

Kada pradeda formuotis areoles, lygieji raumenys, kruties kraujagysliu tinklas

A

12-16 savaite

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44
Q

Kada susidaro kruties liauku spindis kuris atsiveria spenelio srityje

A

20-32 savaite

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45
Q

Polythelia

A

Papildoma spenelio uzuomazga

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46
Q

Kada gali pasireiksti ginekomastija

A

Kudikysteje
Paauglysteje
Suaugusiam

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47
Q

Su kuo nepainioti ginekomastijos

A

Su berniuku speneliu paburkimu brendimo metu

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48
Q

Ginekomastijos priezastys

A

Klainfelterio sindromas

Lytiniu organu ar antiknsciu augliai

Kepenu inkstu ligos

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49
Q

Ka krutyje daugiau skatina estrogenai ir progesteronas

A

Estrogenai - pieno liaukos lataku raida

Progesteronas - alveoliu raida

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50
Q

Kokia metodika dazniausiai naudojama krutu raidai vertinti

A

J. Tanner

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51
Q

Kada pradeda formuotis lietuviu mergaiciu krutys

A

10-12

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52
Q

Kada vizualiai baigia formuotis lietuviu mergaiciu krutys

A

12-15

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53
Q

Kokios ligos anksciau brestancioms mergaitems

A

Dazniau tunka
Sirdies ir kraujagysliu
Veziniai

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54
Q

Nuo ko labiau priklauso pieno gamyba

A

Nuo pieno liaukos sandaros ir veiklos, o ne nuo bendro krutu stambumo

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55
Q

Kada max subresta kruties strukturos

A

Po nestumo kai prasideda laktacija

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56
Q

Kokiomis ciklo dienomis geriausia tirti kruti

A

Per menesines ir kelias dienas po ju

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57
Q

Ant ko issidesto krutis

A

Du trecdaliai ant m. pectoralis major dengiancios fascijos

Trecdalis priesais m. serratus anterior

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58
Q

Kruties padetis (sonkauliais)

A

Virsutinis: II-IV
Apatinis: V-VIII

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59
Q

Kuperio raistis

A

Jungiamojo audinio raistis kuris isupa visa kruti

Prasideda odoje paodyje, po oda iskloja visa kruties pavirsiu. Kruti pakabina ant raktikaulio kaip maise

Nuo jo nutista pertvaros i vidu ir suskirsto i skiltis ir skilteles

Kai yra kazkas negerai, tai formuojasi striktura kuri patraukia kruti i pazeista puse

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60
Q

Vidutine kruties mase

A

150-600

Maitinancios 700-1000

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61
Q

Koks audinys krutu labiau linkes i vezi

A

Liaukinis

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62
Q

Kur krutyse dazniausiai patologiniai procesai

A

Virsutiniame lateraliniame kvadrante

Nes cia gausiausias liaukinis audinys

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63
Q

Is kur krutis gauna daugiausiai kraujo

A

a. thoracica inerna (60%) ir a. thoracica lateralis, a. thiracica superior (30%)

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64
Q

Kieno sakos yra a. thoracica lateralis et superior

A

a. axillaris

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65
Q

Is kur is kruties daugiausiai suteka veninis kraujas

A

v. axillaris

taip pat i v. thoracica interna, v. thoracica lateralis, v. thoracica suprema, vv, intercostales

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66
Q

I kur limfa teka is pavirsiniu kruties audiniu

A

i pilvo sriti ir priesinga kruti

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67
Q

Kas inervuoja kruti

A

II-VI nn. intercostales

taip pat kai kurios plexus brachialis ir cervicalis sakos

Siais nervais eina juntamosios ir motorines visceralines (simpatines) sakos.

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68
Q

Kuriose srityse stuburas judriausias

A

Liemens ir kaklo

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69
Q

Kas lenkia kakla i prieki

A

M. Sternocleidomastoideus
M. Longus colli
mm. Scalenes (?)

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70
Q

Kas lenkia kakla i sona

A

mm. Intertransversarii

M. Splenius capitis

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71
Q

Kas lenkia kakla atgal

A

M. Scalenius capitis
M. Splenius cervicis, M. Levator scapulae
M. Semispinalis cervicis, M. Iliocostalis cervicis
M. Longissimus capitis
mm. Multifudi
M. Semispinalis capitis
M. Trapezius

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72
Q

1 kaklo sanario judesiai

A

Lenkimas
Tiesimas
Soninis lenkimas

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73
Q

Atlantoaxialinio sanario judesiai

A

Sukimas i sona

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74
Q

Pirmas kaklo slankstelis

A

Atlantas

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75
Q

Visi kaklo slanksteliai (ypac 1 2) kas dominuoja

A

Dominuoja sonines mases

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76
Q

Ka daro keterines ataugos krutines slanksteliu

A

Varzo judesius (tiesimas, lenkimas)

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77
Q

Kurie slanksteliai turi aortos ispaudus

A

Th5-Th8

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78
Q

Liemens virsutiniuose sanariniai pav

A

Sagitaline

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79
Q

Liemens apatiniai slanksteliu pav

A

Frontaline

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80
Q

Trumpas ir platus kryzkaulis

A

Moters

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81
Q

Kur labiausiai varijuoja slanksteliu skaicius

A

Kaklo ir juosmens

+-1-2

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82
Q

Kur jei yra isiterpia kaklo sonkaulis

A

Tarp laiptiniu raumenu (priekinio ir vidurinio)

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83
Q

Juosmesns 1 papildomas sonkaulis ka gali slegti

A

Plexus lumbosacralis

Skausmas pagal auksciau issidesciusius plexus lumbosacralis nervus: n. Subcostalis, n. Illiohipogastricus, n. Illioinguinalis

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84
Q

Kiek daznai pasitaiko spina bifida (plysio pavidalo, neisreiksta)

A

5-15%

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85
Q

Ar dabar spina bifida pasitaiko dazniau

A

Taip (20-25%)

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86
Q

Kur yra stuburo linkis i prieki (kifozes)

A

Krutines ir kryzmens

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87
Q

Koki tik linki turi naujagimiai

A

Kryzkaulio

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88
Q

Kokiai lyciai judejimo aparatas vystosi greiciau

A

Berniukams

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89
Q

Kokiai lyciai dazniau osteoporoze

A

Moterims

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90
Q

Ar jaunesnes kartos skeletai gracilesni

A

Taip

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91
Q

Ar su fiziniais pratimais imanoma sustiprinti kauline mase

A

Taip

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92
Q

Radikulitiniai skausmai

A

Spaudziama nugariniu nervu sakneles, taip buna tarpslanksteliniu disku isvarzai esant

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93
Q

Ar minkstiminis branduolys visada issiverzia iskart

A

Ne, buna verziasi kelias valandas. Tik tada atsiranda skausmas

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94
Q

Ko reikia kad panirtu stuburo slankstelis

A

Turi suplysti visa raisciu sistema stuburo

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95
Q

Ar ekstremalus skoliozes atvejai gydomi chirurginiu budu

A

Taip

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96
Q

Kuri slankstelio dalis sutrupa tam kad susiformuotu kifoze

A

Kunas/priekis

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97
Q

Kokia gali buti krutine del tuberkuliozes

A

Idubusi

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98
Q

Del ko galimas krutines lastos asimetriskas padidejimas ar sumazejimas

A 
Poliomielitas
Hemiplegijos
Vienos puses diafragmos paralyzius
Vieno plaucio atelektazes (subliuskimo)
Emfizemos (issiputimo)
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99
Q

Del ko gali idubti tarpsonkauliniai tarpai

A

Plauciu fibroze
Atelektaze
Fibrozinis pleuritas

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100
Q

Del ko gali issipusti tarpsonkauliniai tarpai

A

Plauciu emfizemos
Eksudacinio pleurito ar perikardito
BA

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101
Q

Kokia yra dazniausia igimta krutines lastos deformacija ir kokiai lyciai dazniau pasitaiko

A

Pectus excavatum, vyrams

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102
Q

Leptosomine krutines lasta

A

Sonkauliai labai vertikalus
Krutines lasta siaura ir plokscia

Budinga tai TBC

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103
Q

Krutines lasta del sirdies nepakankamumo

A

Statines
Sonkauliai labiau horizontalus

Panasi krutines lasta gali buti ir del plauciu ligu, kai vyrauja ikvepimas pvz emfizema

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104
Q

Hornerio sidromas

A

Del ganglion stellatum dirginimo

Ptoze, mioze, anhidroze

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105
Q

Tikrieji sonkauliai

A

1-7

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106
Q

Netikrieji sonkauliai

A

8-12

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107
Q

Fliuktuojantys sonkauliai

A

11-12

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108
Q

I ka panasus sonkaulio judesys

A

Kibiro rankena

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109
Q

Sukantis apie savo asi (kakla) sonkaulio apatinis krastas

A

Tolsta nuo centro

Krutines lasta padideja frontalineje plokstumoje per skersine asi

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110
Q

Diafragmos judesio dydis

A

10-15cm

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111
Q

Ka daro isoriniai tarpsonkauliniai raumenys ikvepimo metu

A

Susitraukia

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112
Q

Kokie tampa sonkauliai ikvepimo metu

A

Labiau horizontalus

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113
Q

Sonkaulyje labiausiai juda

A

Sonkauliu priekiniai galai (kyla, leidziasi)

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114
Q

Naujagimiu sonkauliai

A

Labiau horizontalus

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115
Q

Naujagimio krutines lastos forma

A

Konuso/kugio

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116
Q

Kada sukauleja processus xiphoideus

A

40

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117
Q

Kada sukauleja angulus sterni

A

70

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118
Q

Kur dazniau luzta krutinkaulis

A

Ties kampu

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119
Q

Silpniausia sonkaulio vieta

A

Kampas

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120
Q

Kurie sonkaulia dazniausiai luzta

A

Viduriniai

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121
Q

Tarpsonkaulinio tarpo eiles tvarka nuo sonkaulio apacios

A

Vena
Arterija
Nervas

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122
Q

Ka inervuoja tarpsonkauliniai nervai

A

Raumenis
Oda
Paodi

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123
Q

Kada bus tarpsonkauliniu nervu neuralgija

A

Stuburo osteochondroze
Luzus sonkauliui

Siaip pakenkus sonkaulius ar krutines slankstelius

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124
Q

Ar tarpsonkaulines neuralgijos atveju gali tiksliai lokalizuoti skausma

A

Taip

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125
Q

Ar herpes zooster gali itraukti ir plauciu pavirsiu

A

Taip

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126
Q

Ar ikvepiant krutines lasta dideja visais diametrais

A

Taip

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127
Q

Kuris pneumotoraksas blogesnis

A

Ventilinis nes negali pasisalinti oras (?)

128
Q

Kas buna dirginant carina tracheae

A

Kosulys

129
Q

Kuris bronchas pratesia trachejos eiga

A

Desinysis

130
Q

Kuriame bronche daznesni svetimkuniai

A

Desiniajame

131
Q

Ka provokuoja plauciu virsunes navikas

A

Hornerio sindroma

Gali sunykti ranka nes spaudziamas plexus brachialis

132
Q

Virsutinio ir apatinio tarpuplaucio riba

A

Angulus sterni

T4 apatinis krastas

133
Q

Virsutinis tarpuplautis ribos

A

Th4-Th5

134
Q

Virsutinis tarpuplautis sudetis

A 
Thymus
Didziosios sirdies kraujagysles
Stemple
Tracheja
Ductus thoracicus
135
Q

Apatinio priekinio tarpuplaucio sudetis

A

Vaiku: dalis thymus
Suaugusiu: nieko

136
Q

Vidurinio apatinio tarpuplaucio sudetis

A 
Sirdis
Perikardas
Didziosios sirdies kraujagysles
N. phrenicus
Pagrindiniai bronchai
Plauciu saknys
137
Q

Apatinio uzpakalinio tarpuplaucio sudetis

A

Stemple

Nusileidziancioji aorta

138
Q

Nuo dantu iki skrandzio stemples atstumas

A

38-40cm

139
Q

Kurioje stemples dalyje daznesni divertikulai

A

Apatineje

140
Q

Kurioje stemples dalyje daugiau pasitaiko heterotopiniu skrandzio gleivines intarpu

A

Virsutineje

141
Q

Kas gali buti del stemples divertikulo

A

Blogas kvapas is burnos
Zagsulys del n. phrenicus dirginimo
n. vagus dirginimas - vidaus organu darbo sutrikimai

142
Q

Esant v. portae stazei issiplecia

A

Skrandzio ir stemples venos

143
Q

Kuria linija siekia sirdies virsune

A

Medioclavicularis

144
Q

Ties kuriuo sonkaukiu sirdies pamatas

A

2-3

145
Q

Ties kuriuo sonkaukiu sirdies virsune

A

5 tarpsonkaulinis (+-1 tarpas)

146
Q

Kresno zmogaus sirdies padetis (aukstis)

A

Auksciau sirdis

147
Q

Ar vyru sirdis santykinai auksciau

A

Taip

148
Q

Ar vaiku sirdis auksciau

A

Taip

149
Q

Kiek sveria sirdis

A

300g

150
Q

Batuko pavidalo sirdis

A

KS padidejimas

151
Q

Kokiu lasteliu yra sirdies ausytese

A

Endokrininiu lasteliu

152
Q

Vyru sirdies skermuo

A

<15,5

153
Q

Moteru sirdies skersmuo

A

<15

154
Q

Kuris isklausymo taskas labiausiai varijuoja

A

Triburio

155
Q

Kiek yra sirdies kraujagysliu

A

2

156
Q

Desinioji koronarine arterija maitina

A

Dazniau didesne dali

157
Q

Apatine zona EKG

A

II
III
aVF

158
Q

Pertvaros zona EKG

A

V1

V2

159
Q

Priekine zona EKG

A

V3

V4

160
Q

Lateraline zona

A

I
aVL
V5
V6

161
Q

Simpatine sirdies inervacija

A

Th1-Th5

162
Q

Parasimpatine sirdies inervacija

A

n. vagus

163
Q

Dazniausi sirdies raidos defektai

A

Atviras botalo latakas

Pertvaros tarp priesirdziu defektas (daznesni) (cia foramen ovale?)
Pertvaros tarp skilveliu defektas

164
Q

Kir dazniausiai yra aortos koarktacija

A

Nusileidziancios aortos dalies pradzioje zemiau kairiosios subclavia

165
Q

Koks bus kraujo spaudimas del aprtos koarktacijos

A

Rankose padidejes

Kojose sumazejes

166
Q

Ar diagnozuojant kazka pilve svarbu atkreipti demesi ir i krutines lasta ir i slaunu sritis

A

Taip

167
Q

Trousseau simptomas

A

Slaunies vidiniu raumenu trukciojomas del n. obturatorius dirginimo foramen obturatum srityje

168
Q

Pagal ka migruoja retroperitoninio tarpo abscesai

A

Pagal m iliopsoas

169
Q

Prie ko tvirtinasi m iliopsoas

A

Trochanter minor femoris

170
Q

Itemptas pilvas

A

Peritonitas, prakiurusi opa

171
Q

Kuria savaite gimda auksciausiai

A

36

172
Q

Bamba ascito atveju

A

Isvirtusi i prieki

173
Q

Ant kurios puses labiau kaupiasi riebalai

A

Ant tos puses ant kurios miega

174
Q

Kaip lokalus peritonitas patraukia linea alba

A

I save

175
Q

Sister Mary Joseph node

A

Mazgas bamboje - skrandzio, kasos ar kito pilvo organo vezinis procesas, metastazes

176
Q

Kokiai lyciai daznesnes igytos bambos isvarzos

A

Moterims

177
Q

Su kuo sutampa linea semilunaris

A

Su m rectus abdominis isoriniu krastu

178
Q

Pagal ka femoralines isvarzos

A

Canalis femoralis

179
Q

Pagal ka kirksnies isvarzos

A

Canalis inguinalis

180
Q

Del ko zarnu nepraeinamumas

A

Del sutrikusios peristaltikos (?)

181
Q

Palankiausia vieta vertinti odos spalva

A

Pilvo sritis

182
Q

Kokia bukle jei intensyvioj terapijoj marmurine oda

A

Labai sunki

183
Q

Cianoze apie bamba

A

Cullen

184
Q

Cianoze priekineje pilvo sienoje

A

Halstedt

185
Q

Cianoze pilvo sonuose

A

Grey-Turner

186
Q

Ryskiai raudonos demeles slaunu srityje

A

J.S Davis simptomas

187
Q

Kokios strijos buna del kusingo sindromo

A

Raudonos

188
Q

Kieno konc padideja del kusingo sidromo

A

Kortozolio

189
Q

Kada poodiniu venu issipletimas pilvo sonuose

A

V cava inferior staze

190
Q

Kada krutines sonuose issipletusios venos

A

V cava superios staze

191
Q

Jei atleidus plastaskas nuo pilvo pirmiausia pildosi ir ispampsta venos pilvo apacioj

A

V cava inferior baseino obstrukcija

192
Q

Ar vv paraumbilicales susije su v portae pagrindiniu kamienu

A

Taip

193
Q

Ar gali buti issipletusios visos pilvo venos sunkiu kepenu ligu atveju

A

Taip

194
Q

Kirksninio trikampio krastines

A

Virsutine/isorine: epigastrines kraujagysles (inferiores)
Apatine isorine: lig inguinale
Vidine: m rectus abdominis lateralinis krastas

195
Q

Kas dazniausiai iskloja heselbacho trikampi

A

M obliqus abdominis externus aponeuroze

196
Q

Jei pirsto galas islenda per anulus inguinalis profundus, tai vasa epigastrica inferiores yra

A

Medialiau

197
Q

Jei isvarza per trigonum inguinale tai pirstas

A

Pajaus a epigastrica inferior pulsa lateraliau

198
Q

Istrizine isvarza

A

Per canalis inguinalis

199
Q

Tiesioji isvarza

A

Per trigonum inguinale

200
Q

Kokios arterijos svarbios isvarzu krypciai nusakyti

A

Vasa epicastrica inferiores

201
Q

Raumenu aponeurozes arkados

A

Transversus abdominis
Obliqus internus
Anulus inguinalis superficialis

202
Q

Canalis inguinalis praeina

A

Vyru: funiculus spermaticus
Moteru: apvalusis gimdos raistis

203
Q

Canalis inguinalis sienos

A

Vidine: fascia transversalis
Apatine: lig inguinale (poupart)
Isorine: m obliqus externus abdominis aponeuroze
Virsutine: m obliqus internus abdominis ir m transversus abdominis

204
Q

Kokiai lyciai dazniau istrizines isvarzos

A

Vyrams

205
Q

Seklides dangalai

A 
Tunica vaginalis
Internal spetmatic fascia
Cremasteric fascia
m cremaster
External spermatic fascia
Dartos fascia ir m dartos
Oda
206
Q

Per koki kanala leidziasi seklide

A

Inguinalis

207
Q

Kas yra nucko kanalas

A

Pilvapleves ertmes tasa - palei ji gali formuotis cistos, gali reaguoti i procesus kurie vyksta pilvapleveje

208
Q

Is ko susidaro lig teres uteri

A

Gubernaculum (lower?)

209
Q

Kada sparciai vystosi linea alba

A

7,8,9 menesi iki gimimo

210
Q

Ar linea alba yra is 2 daliu susiliejusi

A

Taip

211
Q

Spigelius isvarzos

A 
Pagal linea semilunaris 
Daznesnes moterims (vyresnems)
212
Q

Is kurios puses apacioje praktiskai neapdengtas m rectus abdominis

A

Is uzpakalines

213
Q

Kas dazniausiai papuola i linea alba isvarzas

A

Minkstieji audiniai ir omentum majus labai daznai

214
Q

Ar gali priekineje pilvo sienoje istrigti zarnynas

A

Taip

215
Q

Ar linea semilunaris isvarzos retos

A

Taip

216
Q

Del kuriu sauspleviu defekto susidaro linea semilunaris isvarzos

A

m obliquus abdominis internus

m transversus abdominis

217
Q

Del kokiu busenu/bukliu gali susidaryti linea semilunaris isvarzos

A

Padidejus spaudimui pilvo ertmeje
Daug kartu gimdziusioms
Staiga netekus daug svorio

218
Q

Trigonum petiti (trigonum lumbale inferius) krastai

A

Isoreje: m obliquus externus abdominis
Medialiai: m latissimus dorsi
Dugne: m obliquus internus abdominis

219
Q

Ar kartais i trigonum lumbale inferius isvarza gali papulti zarnos ir inkstai

A

Taip

220
Q

Trigonum lumbale superius (rhombus lumbalis) ribos

A

Virsuje: 12 sonkaulis ir m serratus posterior inferior
Isoreje: m obliquus internus abdominis
Medialiai: m quadratus lumborum ir m erector spinae
Prikampi pridengia: m obliquus externus abdominis

221
Q

Kurioje pusejei ir kokiai lyciai daznesnes trigonum lumbale (abieju) isvarzos

A

Kaireje vyrams

222
Q

Kas gali buti trigonum lumbale (abieju) isvarzos maise

A 
Zarnos
Taukine
Inkstai
Bluznis
Skrandis
223
Q

Ar del diafragmos isvarzu tirami naujagimiai

A

Taip, jei yra girdisi zarnu garsai krutines ertmeje ir operuojama

224
Q

Ar diafragmos isvarzu gali susidaryti tais atvejais jei sutrika diafragmos inervacija

A

Taip

225
Q

Ar kai yra hernia obturatoria pasireiks truseu sindromas

A

Taip

226
Q

Ar daznai hernia ischiadica nesukelia pavirsiaus deformaciju

A

Taip

227
Q

C4-5 dermatomas

A

Raktikaulis

228
Q

C5-7 dermatomas

A

Rankos isore

229
Q

C6 dermatomas

A

Nykstys

230
Q

C7 dermatomas

A

Vidurinis pirstas

231
Q

C8 dermatomas

A

Mazylis pirstas

232
Q

C8-T1 dermatomas

A

Rankos vidus

233
Q

T4-5 dermatomas

A

Spenelis

234
Q

T10 dermatomas

A

Bamba

235
Q

T11-L1 dermatomas

A

Regio inguinalis

236
Q

L1-4 dermatomas

A

Kojos priekis ir vidus

237
Q

L4 dermatomas

A

Kojos didziojo pirsto vidus

238
Q

L4-S1 dermatomas

A

Peda

239
Q

S1-2 dermatomas

A

Kojos uzpakaline sritis

240
Q

S2-4dermatomas

A

Perineum

241
Q

Is a thoracica interna

A

A epigastrica superior

A musculophrenica

242
Q

Kehr taskas

A

Kepenu ir tulzies pusles patologijai

243
Q

Lanz

A

Desiniuju slapimtakiu
Gimdos priedu
Aklosios, gaubtines kylancios zarnos

244
Q

Voillemier

A

Slapimo pusles punkcijai

Slapimo pusles uzdegimo atveju

245
Q

Nugarineje puseje plautis iki kurio sonkaulio

A

10

246
Q

Nugarineje puseje pleura iki kurio sonkaulio

A

12

247
Q

I ka iteka v azygos

A

V cava superior

Persisveria per desini broncha

248
Q

I ka atsiveria ductus thoracicus

A

V brachiocephalica sinistra arba v cava superior

249
Q

Ties kurio slanksteliu angulus sternalis

A

T4

250
Q

Ar ties anglulus sterni issisakoja tracheja

A

Taip

251
Q

Bluznies projekcija ziurint is sono

A

Tarp 9 10 11 sonkauliu

252
Q

Regio epigastrica

A

Skrandzio prievartis ir kunas
Dvylikapirstes dalis
Kasos kunas
Kepenu kairioji dalis

253
Q

Regio umbilicalis

A

Didzioji taukine
Plonoji zarna
Apatine dvylikapirstes
Skersine gaubtine

254
Q

Regio pubica (hypogastrium)

A

Slapimo pusle
Gimda (nestumas)
Plonoji zarna

255
Q

Kurioje srityje yra antinksciai

A

Hypochondrium

256
Q

Kurioje srityje yra inkstai

A

Lumbalis

257
Q

Kurioje srityje yra slapimtakiai, gimdos priedai, seklinis virzelis

A

Inguinalis (iliaca)

258
Q

Su kokio nervo inervacijos zona persikloja skausmas is parietalines pilvapleves

A

N phrenicus

259
Q

Intraperitoniniai

A 
Didzioji kepenu dalis
Skrandis
Bluznis
Pars superios duodeni
Jejunum
Ileum
Colon transversum
Colon sigmoideum
Rectum virsutine dalis
260
Q

Retroperitoniniai/ekstraperitoniniai

A

SAD PUCKER

261
Q

Pirminiai retroperitoniniai/ekstraperitoniniai

A

Inkstai, slapimtakiai, antinksciai

Dar ir stemple

262
Q

Antriniai retroperitoniniai

A

SAD PUCKER isskyrus inkstai antinksciai slapimtakiai

263
Q

Ar spatium diaphragmaticum gali kauptis oras

A

Taip, prakiurus opai

264
Q

Kur dazniausiai susidaro pokepeiniai abscesai

A

Spatium subhepaticum

265
Q

Kaip galima patekti i bursa omentalis

A

Per foramen epiploicum

266
Q

Kas padalina didiji pilvapleves maisa i virsutini ir apatini aukstus

A

Mesocolon transversum

267
Q

Kuo skiriasi didzioji taukine nuo bursa omentalis

A

Didzioji taukine - 4 lapeliai suauge, yra riebalinio audinio, puraus jungiamojo
Bursa omentalis - yra tarpas

268
Q

Kas sudaro omentum minus

A

Lig hepatogatricus
Lig hepatoduodenale
Lig esophageae

269
Q

Kas yra isupta i lig hepatoduodenale

A

A hepatica propria
V portae
Bedrasis kepenu tulzies latakas

270
Q

Ar omentum majus galima panaudoti audiniu rekonstrukcijai

A

Taip

271
Q

Bursa omentalis ribos

A

Priekyje: skrandis, mazoji taukine
Uzpakalyje: pasienine pilvapleve
Virsuje: lobus caudatus hepatis
Apacioje: mesocolon transversum

272
Q

Foramen epiploicum ribos

A

Priekyje: lig hepatoduodenale
Uzpak: lig hepatorenale, pasienine pilvapleve
Virsuje: lobus caudatus hepatis
Apacioje: pars superior duodeni

273
Q

Bursa praegastrica ribos

A

Priekis: lobus hepatis sinister, priekine pilvo siena
Uzpakalis: skrandis, omentum minus

274
Q

Bursa hepatica ribos

A

Virsus: diafragma
Apacia: mesocolon transversum
Priekis: priekine pilvo siena
Medialiai: lig falcoforme hepatis

275
Q

Kiek yra retroperitoninio tarpo skyriu

A

4

276
Q

Priekinis pararenalinis retroperitoninio tarpo skyrius kas yra jame

A

Colon ascendens
Colon descendens
Duodenum
Pancreas

277
Q

Priekinio pararenalinio skyriaus (retroperitoninis) ribos

A

Priekis: pasienine pilvapleve
Uzpakalis: priekine inksto fascija

278
Q

Perirenalinis skyrius (retroperitoninis) kas yra jame

A

Inkstai
Antinksciai
Proksimaline slapimtakiu dalis
Kraujagysles, nervai

279
Q

Perirenalinio skyriaus (retroperitoninis) ribos

A

Priekis: priekine inksto fascija
Uzpakalis: uzpakaline inksto fascija

280
Q

Ar perirenalinis skyrius susisiekia su kepenu uzpakaliniu pavirsiumi ir su a mesenterica superior

A

Taip

281
Q

Uzpakalinis pararenalinis skyrius (retroperitoninis) kas priklauso

A

Riebalinis audinys - organu nera

282
Q

Uzpakalinio pararenalinio skyriaus ribos

A

Priekis: uzpakaline inksto fascija
Uzpakalis: skersine fascija

283
Q

Didziuju kraujagysliu skyrius (retroperitoninis)

A

Centre priesais stubura

284
Q

Prie ko tvirtinasi m ilipsoas sausgysle

A

Trochanter minor femoris

285
Q

Kurie nervai plexus lumbalis dazniausiai itraukiami (kazkas su m iliopsoas)

A

3 virsutiniai: subcostalis, iliohypogastricus, ilioinguinalis

286
Q

Duglaso kisene

A

Moterims: excavatio rectouterina
Vyrams: excavatio rectovasicalis

287
Q

Kur yra fossa ischioanalis

A

Zemiau subperitoninio tarpo

288
Q

Fossa ischioanalis ribos

A

Virsuje: m levator ani
Sonuose m obturatorius internus ir sedimasis gumburas
Medialiai: tiesioji zarna

289
Q

Kaip uzpakalyje susisiekia abi fossa ischioanalis

A

Per tarpa tarp uodegikaulio ir tiesiosios zarnos - po lig anococcygeum

290
Q

Ka daro abi fossa ischioanalis priekyje

A

Nusitesia i lytini slaples trikampi (tarp giliojo tarpvietes skersinio ir iseinamosios angos keliamojo raumens)

291
Q

Ka daro abi fossa ischioanalis uzpakalyje

A

Kyla link m gluteus maximus, sudaro iseinamosios sedynkaulio duobes kisene

292
Q

Ka daro a iliaca interna ir n pudendus

A

Isorinius lytinius ir erektilu audini maitina/inervuoja

293
Q

Kas yra viduje canalis pudendalis

A

A iliaca interna (sakos?)
V iliaca interna (sakos?)
N pudendus

294
Q

Ar skrandzio padetis gali priklausyti nuo visceralinio riebalinio audinio

A

Taip

295
Q

Kokios formos skrandziui didesne gastroezofaginio refliukso tikimybe

A

Hipertoninio

296
Q

Suaugusio skrandzio turis

A

1,5-2(3)l

297
Q

Kam dazna pylorine hipertrofija

A

Naujagimiai, kudikiai

Gali ir seniems

298
Q

Kepenu svoris

A

1-2kg

299
Q

Tulzies pusles turis

A

50 ml (smulkiu zmoniu mazesne)

Nutukusiu irgi mazesne

300
Q

Kiek kartu plonoji zarna ilgesne uz stora

A

5

301
Q

Duodenum ilgis

A

25cm

302
Q

Jejunum ilgis

A

2,5

303
Q

Ileum ilgis

A

3,5m

304
Q

Ko nera jejunum

A 
Brunerio liauku (yra duodenum)
Pejerio ploksteliu (yra ileum)
305
Q

Ar gali del mitybos pakisti zarnyno ilgis

A

Taip

306
Q

Kurios zarnos ilgis labiau priklauso nuo ugio

A

Storosios

307
Q

Ar vaiku storoji zarna santykinai trumpesne

A

Taip

308
Q

Ar kartais del apendicito gali buti skausmas kaireje

A

Taip, ypac vaikams

309
Q

Kokia colon dalis buna pailgejusi vaikams su funkciniu viduriu uzkietejimu (?)

A

Sigma ir rectum

310
Q

Kokia colon dalis turi daugiausiai variaciju

A

Sigmoideum

311
Q

Ar mazi vaikai jau turi susiformavusia apmule

A

Ne

312
Q

Kas iskrenta i isore kai yra prolapsus recti

A

Gleivine ir pogleivis

313
Q

Pagrindinis venu issipletimo tiesiojije zarnoje faktorius

A

Portine hipertenzija

314
Q

Ar gali hemorojiniai mazgai formuotis svarbiausiai del j.a. silpnumo

A

Taip

315
Q

Omfolocele (?)

A

Jungtis tarp plonosios zarnos ir bambutes

316
Q

Ar mekelio divertikulo sieneleje gali buti skrandzio, kasos saleliu?

A

Taip

317
Q

I ka panasus ir ar pavojingas mekelio divertikulas

A

Pavojingas, panasu i apendicita

Anatomija (2 decks)

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