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LIDS/LASHES/LACRIMAL ANOMALIES > LIDS/LASHES - EYELID/LASHES DISORDERS > Flashcards

LIDS/LASHES - EYELID/LASHES DISORDERS Flashcards

1
Q

dermatochalasis symptoms?

A

Symptoms:
* Brow ache
* “heavy” sensation

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2
Q

signs of dermatochalasis?

A
  • Eyelid ptosis / Pseudoptosis
  • Advance cases – superior VF defect
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3
Q

tx for dermatochalasis

A

blepharoplasty – surgical removal of excessive eyelid tissue

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4
Q

define ectropion and what are the causes?

A
  • It is eversion (outward) rolling of the lid away from the globe

Causes:
* Involutional (most common)
o Age related loss of muscle tone of the orbicularis oculi.
* Cicatricial
o Due to scarring and contracture (trauma, burns).
* Paralytic
o Due to facial nerve palsy.
* Mechanical
o Lesion or tumor-related.

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5
Q

symptoms of ectropion

A
  • epiphora w/ ocular irritation
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6
Q

signs of ectropion

A
  • exposure keratopathy
  • eyelid not apposed to the globe
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7
Q

tx for ectropion

A
  • surgery to tighten the lateral tarsal
  • exposure keratopathy should be tx
  • if bells palsy is the cause – will resolve spontaneously
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8
Q

define entropion and causes of it.

A
  • It is inversion of the eyelid towards the globe.

Can be:
* Involutional (most common)
* Congenital (rare)
* Cicatricial -Trachoma

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9
Q

symptoms of entropion

A
  • ocular irritation (FBS)
  • epiphora
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10
Q

signs of entropion

A
  • eyelid will be rolled inward
  • Punctate keratitis
  • Corneal ulceration (severe)
  • Pannus (chronic)
  • Pseudo-trichiasis
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11
Q

tx for entropion?

A
  • corneal defect – topical Abx ung
  • rolled inward lid – surgery
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12
Q

define trichiasis and cause of it

A
  • misdirected eyelashes which mechanically rub the globe
  • causes: idiopathic / epiphora
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13
Q

symptoms of trichiasis

A
  • ocular irritation (FBS)
  • epiphora
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14
Q

signs of triachasis

A
  • misdirected eyelashes
  • PEE
  • conj injection
  • corneal scarring – severe cases
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15
Q

tx of triachasis

A
  • 1st line – epilation
  • chronic cases – permanently remove eyelashes surgically
  • for corneal compromises – rx topical abx ung
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16
Q

define blepharospasm

A
  • idiopathic bilateral uncontrollable closure of the eyelids
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17
Q

signs of blepharospasm

A
  • uncontrallable contraction of the orbicularis oculi and surrounding facial muscles
  • severe – if examiner unable to open to pry eyelids open
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18
Q

tx for blepharospasm

A
  • botox injections every 12 wks
    side note: botox relaxes the overactive muscles
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19
Q

define floppy eyelid syndrome

A
  • It is increased/excessive upper & lower eyelid laxity which causes spontaneous eyelid eversion
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20
Q

who gets floppy eyelid syndrome?

A
  • Most common in obese men
    & face-down sleeper, with their eye(s) pressed against the pillow.
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21
Q

what sysmtic dz is floppy eylid syndrome associated with?

A
  • obstructive sleep apnea
  • DM
  • HTN
22
Q

symptoms of floppy eyelid syndrome?

A
  • Chronic bilateral/unilateral red eyes in the morning upon awakening.
  • Mild mucous discharge
23
Q

signs of floppy eyelid syndrome?

A
  • Papillary conjunctivitis – from friction
  • Loose upper eyelids that evert easily.
  • Punctate epithelial keratopathy
24
Q

tx floppy eyelid syndrome?

A
  • refer to r/o sleep apnea
  • tape eyelid shut or wear eye shield during sleep – tx for eyelid closure
  • ATs gtts Q1H during the day + ATs ung QHS – for dryness & irritation
  • topical abx ung – for corneal or conj compromise
25
Q

signs of xanthelasma

A
  • creamy yellow plaques found in the supeior nasal eyelids
26
Q

what are the yellow plaques in xanthalasma composed of?

A
  • fat/lipid & cholesterol deposits
27
Q

what is xanthalasma associated with & who gets it?

A
  • pts over <40 y/o with hyperlipidemia
  • hypercholesterol
28
Q

tx for xanthalasma

A
  • no tx indicated
  • cosmesis – surgically excise or remove plaques via carbon dioxide laser — can recur
29
Q

define chalazion

A
  • Chronic, localized, sterile inflammation of a MG due to retention of normal secretions
30
Q

signs of chalazion

A
  • Hard, painless, immobile nodule – more commonly located on upper lid.
31
Q

tx for chalazion

A
  • 1st line – warm compress
  • if persist for more than a month – remove via biopsy
  • if it cont to recurr in same location suspect sebaceous gland carcinoma & refer for biopsy
32
Q

what is a chalzion associated with?

A

sebaceous gland carcinoma

33
Q

define hordeolum

A
  • acute bacterial infection of the sebaceous glands
34
Q

symptoms for hordeolum

A
  • pain
  • eyelid tenderness
35
Q

signs of hordeolum

A
  • unilateral
  • red, swollen, tender
    possible pointing.
36
Q

tx for hordeolum

A
  • 1st line – hot compress + topical abx or topical abx-steroid combo
37
Q

define blepharitis? what causes it?

A
  • It is inflammation of the eyelid margin due staphylococcus infx
38
Q

what microorganisms cause anterior blepharitis

A
  • Staphylococcal
  • Seborrheic dermatitis
  • Demodex
39
Q

what microorganisms cause posterior blepharitis

A
  • Staphylococcal
  • Seborrheic dermatitis
  • MG dysfunction
40
Q

anterior vs posterior blepharitis?

A

anterior – glands of zeis & moll
posterior – MG

41
Q

what can blepharitis cause?

A

evaporative dry dz – due to abnormal lipid production

42
Q

symptoms of blepharitis

A
  • dry, burning, itchy, stinging, teary, eye
  • FBS
  • symptoms are worse at night, when its windy or after reading/watching tv
43
Q

signs of blepharitis

A
  • Possible scurf and collarettes at lash base
  • “tooth paste” MG secretion
  • red, inflamed lid margins
  • PEE
44
Q

tx for blepharitis

A
  • lid hygiene + hot compress + OTC ATs
  • Rx erythromycin ung or oral Doxycycline (for MGD + abx)
  • for inflammation + dryness – Xiidra or restasis
45
Q

what is pediculosis/phthiriasis

A
  • it is an eyelash infection caused by lice (phthirus pubis)
46
Q

if pediculosis/phthiriasis is seen in a child, suspect what?

A

sexual abuse - bc it mainly spreads sexual

47
Q

symptoms of pediculosis/phthiriasis

A
  • burning
  • itching
48
Q

signs of pediculosis/phthiriasis

A
  • burrowing lice at base of eyelashes
  • spots of dried blood from bites at base of eyelashes
  • tiny brown deposits (feces) at base of lashes
  • white/translucent nits (eggs) at base of lashes
  • possible preauricular lymphadenopathy
49
Q

tx of pediculosis/phthiriasis

A
  • remove lice with jewelwer’s forceps
  • rx abx ung (erythromycin) for 2 wks
  • edu pt to wash towels and linens
  • tx pt’s sexual partner
  • if child presents with pediculosis – assume sexual abuse and report to authorities.
50
Q

what is demodicosis (demodex)

A
  • infection of the lids/lashes that is caused by demodex
51
Q

signs of demodex

A
  • same as blepharitis but with triangular globs of waste at the base of the patients lashes
52
Q

tx for demodex

A
  • lid hygiene
  • Tee tree oil

LIDS/LASHES/LACRIMAL ANOMALIES (3 decks)

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