Lid Disorders Flashcards
How are excess tears drained?
Via punctae and lacrimal ducts to the nose
Define Entropion:
This is when the lid margin rolls inwards, with the lashes rubbing against the globe.
What causes entropion:
Ageing is the main cause
How do you treat entropion?
Surgery usually reuqired
What is the outcome of entropion?
Abrasion to the cornea
Irritation leading to red eye = mimics conjunctivitis
Define ectropion:
Lid margins roll outwards
What is the consequence of ectropion?
Lacrimal punctae is not in the correct place to drain tears
Main symptom of ectropion
Watery eyes
What underlying factors can cause ectropion?
Age
CN VII palsy
Scarring skin conditions
How do you treat ectropion?
Surgery usually required
Define dacrocystitis
Inflammation of the lacrimal sac leading to development of a painful lump adjacent to the lower eyelid.
How do you treat dacrocystitis?
Oral Broad Spectrum antibiotics e.g. cefalexin
What should you watch out for in patients with dacrocystitis?
Cellulitis
Why should you refer all patients with dacrocystitis to the ophthalmologist?
Some will have underlying mucocele or dilated sacs
These patients will require surgery
What is an extremely common condition where inflammation of the lid margins can involve the lashes and lash follicles?
Blepharitis
What can result from blepharitis?
Styes
Inflamed / blocked meibomian glands
Chalazions
What is a chalazion?
A round firm lump in the upper or lower eyelid caused by a blocked meibomian gland.
What are some common causes of blepharitis
Meibomian gland dysfunction
Seborrhea
Staph Aureus infection
Acne Rosacea
What symptoms will a patient with blepharitis present with?
Asymptomatic
OR
Itchy burning eyes
What can patients with chronic blepharitis develop?
Keratitis in the cornea
What is the treatment for blepharitis?
Lid hygiene
Short course of topical chloramphenicol or fusidic acid
What may be required in severe cases of blepharitis or where acne rosacea is suspected
Oral doxycycline
Which lid does entropion tend to affect?
Lower
Rarely affects upper
What is lagophthalmos?
Difficulty in lid closure
