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Ophthalmology > Lid Disorders > Flashcards

Lid Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

How are excess tears drained?

A

Via punctae and lacrimal ducts to the nose

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2
Q

Define Entropion:

A

This is when the lid margin rolls inwards, with the lashes rubbing against the globe.

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3
Q

What causes entropion:

A

Ageing is the main cause

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4
Q

How do you treat entropion?

A

Surgery usually reuqired

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5
Q

What is the outcome of entropion?

A

Abrasion to the cornea

Irritation leading to red eye = mimics conjunctivitis

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6
Q

Define ectropion:

A

Lid margins roll outwards

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7
Q

What is the consequence of ectropion?

A

Lacrimal punctae is not in the correct place to drain tears

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8
Q

Main symptom of ectropion

A

Watery eyes

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9
Q

What underlying factors can cause ectropion?

A

Age
CN VII palsy
Scarring skin conditions

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10
Q

How do you treat ectropion?

A

Surgery usually required

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11
Q

Define dacrocystitis

A

Inflammation of the lacrimal sac leading to development of a painful lump adjacent to the lower eyelid.

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12
Q

How do you treat dacrocystitis?

A

Oral Broad Spectrum antibiotics e.g. cefalexin

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13
Q

What should you watch out for in patients with dacrocystitis?

A

Cellulitis

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14
Q

Why should you refer all patients with dacrocystitis to the ophthalmologist?

A

Some will have underlying mucocele or dilated sacs

These patients will require surgery

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15
Q

What is an extremely common condition where inflammation of the lid margins can involve the lashes and lash follicles?

A

Blepharitis

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16
Q

What can result from blepharitis?

A

Styes
Inflamed / blocked meibomian glands
Chalazions

17
Q

What is a chalazion?

A

A round firm lump in the upper or lower eyelid caused by a blocked meibomian gland.

18
Q

What are some common causes of blepharitis

A

Meibomian gland dysfunction
Seborrhea
Staph Aureus infection
Acne Rosacea

19
Q

What symptoms will a patient with blepharitis present with?

A

Asymptomatic
OR
Itchy burning eyes

20
Q

What can patients with chronic blepharitis develop?

A

Keratitis in the cornea

21
Q

What is the treatment for blepharitis?

A

Lid hygiene

Short course of topical chloramphenicol or fusidic acid

22
Q

What may be required in severe cases of blepharitis or where acne rosacea is suspected

A

Oral doxycycline

23
Q

Which lid does entropion tend to affect?

A

Lower

Rarely affects upper

24
Q

What is lagophthalmos?

A

Difficulty in lid closure

25
Q

What can develop as a consequence of lagophthalmos?

A

Corneal ulcers

Keratitis

26
Q

What is the term given for involuntary spasm of the orbicularis oculi?

A

Blepharospasm

Ophthalmology (2 decks)

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