LICSW Flashcards
Countertransference
A set of conscious or unconscious emotional reactions to a client experienced by a therapist. These feelings usually originate in the therapists own developmental conflicts or past. Seek Supervision. THERAPIST
Specific Learning Disorder
Related to math, reading, science, etc…
* Difficulty with basic academic skills, such as, dyslexia and so forth.
Social Pragmatic Communication Disorder
Only Impaired social communication skill. * No stereotype repetitive behaviors. Similar to ASD but without key components
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
- Symptoms appear age 0-5
*Deficiency in social communication and interactions. - Social reciprocity - No eye contact with caregiver.
- Poor verbal skills
*Stereotype repetitive behaviors: Hand slapping, chewing, spinning.
*Difficulty with transitions. - Obsessions with objects: Snakes, trains etc.
- Hypersensitivity to noises
Evidenced-Based Practice
This combines the SW clinical COE and client preferences with well researched interventions to guide the treatment and services.
Informed Consent
The process of a client granting permission to engage in tx after receiving information about tx plans, including potential risks and benefits.
Self determination
An ethical principle of SW that allows client to make their own choices about their tx and their lives.
Reflective listening
When using reflection, the SW is accurately describing the clients verbal and non-verbal cues. Listening and responding to not just the content but the feelings of the client.
Reframing
A technique used to help the client see their situation in a new light or from a different perspective
Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder
*No boundaries
*Overly comfortable with strangers.
*Attaches easily to people.
Results of childhood abuse/neglect, many caregivers. such as foster homes.
Dual Diagnosis
Occurrence of coexistent diagnosis within an individual.
Such as substance use disorder and Mental illness.
Transference
The emotional reactions that are assigned to current relationships but originated in earlier experiences. Often presenting as the feelings a client has towards therapist. Should be discussed and used therapeutically. CLIENT
Oppositional Defiance Disorder
*Person is defiant
* Problems with Authority
*Very argumentative
*Refusal with compliance
*Does not want to do what others tell them or suggest
Reactive Attachment Disorder (Previously, Failure to Thrive)
- Early onset ages 9 mo-5 yo
- Withdrawn
- Does not seek comfort or responds to comfort
- limited range of affect
*Does not act out
*Wall flower
*Some irritability - Can be a result of childhood neglect and or abuse
Conduct Disorder
- Violation of rights of others
*Breaking law - Stealing
*Vandalism
*Violence
**Can turn into antisocial disorder as an adult
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation
*Used to be called Bipolar in children
*Ages 6-10 dx up to age 17
* Chronically irritable and Moody
*Temper tantrums and outbursts occurring 3 plus times a week
*Negative mood even with the absence of outburst.
Schizoaffective Disorder
Psychotic features are present all the time but mood disorders come and go.
Childhood onset fluency disorder
*Stuttering
*Broken words “I under_____stand”
*presents age 0-5
EgoSyntonic
Traits of personality, thought, behavior and values that are incorporated by the individual who considers them acceptable and consistent with his or her overall true self.
Part of view of self . does not see a problem. Personality disorders.
Ego Dystonic
Traits of personality, behavior, thoughts or orientation considered to be unacceptable, repugnant, or inconsistent with the individual perceptions. Conscious or unconscious of himself or herself.
Client is aware and they do like it.
Depression anxiety panic disorder.
D=Doesn’t like
Language Disorder
*Presents ages 0-5
*Difficult time building vocabulary
*Reduced Vocabulary
* Simple sentences like “me go park”
*Dropped words
Rumination Disorder
Repeated regurgitation of food. Eat then regurgitate.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
*Excessive worry about a # of different things.
*Worry is across multiple domains.
*Causes sleep disturbances
*Symptoms must be present for 6 plus months.
Selective Mutism
*Fails to speak in certain situations but is fine and comfortable in places like home.
Social Anxiety Disorder
Context of anxiety is around social situations
*concerns of judgement
*Avoidance can occur
*feelings of worry about what others think
*Can be withdrawn
Separation Anxiety Disorder
Anxiety specific to separation of someone specific.
* Parent, partner, animal.
*Symptoms must be present for 6 months.
Encopresis and Enuresus
Encopresis= Fecal soiling of pants
*Older than 4
*p=Poop
Enuresis= Urine coiling of pants
* Older than age 5
*U=Urine
Both can be intentional or unintentional.
Persistent Motor/Vocal Tic Disorder
1 or the other.
Either motor tics or vocal tics
Both= Tourette’s
PICA
Persistent eating of non-food substances
*scabs
*dirt
*Hair
*wood
*soap
Tourette’s Disorder
Both motor and vocal tics must be present
Motor= facial, hand, leg
Vocal= Shout outs, cussing, repeating
Brief Psychotic Disorder VS
Schizophreniform VS Schizophrenia
All have same symptoms. The difference is the timeline!
Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and behavior, negative symptoms, flat affect.
Brief Psychotic: Symptoms up to 1 month.
Schizophreniform: Symptoms 1-6 months
Schizophrenia: Symptoms present for 6 plus months.
Major Depressive Disorder
- Reports dark mood
- Severe symptoms
*Can’t find joy
*Lacks motivation
*Hopelessness
*S/I
*Symptoms must be present for 2 weeks
Persistent Depressive Disorder
*Depressed mood for 2 plus years for adults
*Depressed mood for 1 plus years for children and youth,
*Chronically mildly depressed.
Unspecified Depressive Disorder
- does not meet full criteria for major depressive disorder or others.
*Functioning with mild disturbances.
Empowerment Model
This model utilizes interventions that help people achieve a sense of control in their lives by using a clients strengths, resources, and resilience.
It aims to reduce powerlessness created by social and political; environments that oppress.
Empathy
A Therapeutic technique in which the SW communicates to a client that they perceive and understand the experiences, emotional state, and or ideas of the client.
Bipolar 2 Disorder
*Mania with at least 1 depressive episode
*Needs to last at least 4 days
*Elevated mania but not impaired like BP1
Bipolar 1Disorder
*BP 1 is only mania
*Manic episodes last for at least 1 week
* Sense of empowerment
*High risk situations
* Sex with randos
*Denial of mania
*Changes in sleep
Subcategories in both:
*Mild: basic
Moderate: Impaired
Severe: HX
Cyclothymic Disorder
- Symptoms must be present for 2 plus years.
- Alternates depression and Hypomania
Lower levels of depression
lower levels of mania
Attention Deficient Hyperactivity Disorder
A.D.H.D.
- Present before age 12
- Two or more areas of life need to be impacted. Ie. Home and school. Home and work.
*Problems with attention
*Cannot sustain focus and attention - Difficulty organizing on tasks that require mental health
Panic Disorder
- Recurrent panic attacks
*Fear of happening again - Shape life around fear
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
*PTSD after 1 month of symptoms.
* Incident that was life threatening or witnessed a life threatening event.
*Intrusive thoughts and or memory images. Flashbacks.
*Hyperarousal
*Experience nightmares
Acute Stress Disorder
*Present within a month of incident.
*shame
*Behavioral avoidance
*Negative mood
Adjustment Disorder with Anxiety
Event not life threatening. No nightmares or flashbacks.
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
*Someone who has obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors/actions.
Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder
*Somone who is a perfectionist, no awareness, cant see an issue, everything needs to be perfect, nothing out of place.
Paranoid Personality Disorder
*Pervasive irrational suspicion of others.
*Worried others are trying to harm them, or worried people are out to get them.
*Holds grudges
Avoidant Personality Disorder
*Ego syntonic.
* Lonely
*Wants to connect with others but worries and avoids social interactions
Schizoid Personality Disorder
*Some depression
*Lack of interest in personal relationships
*Withdrawn
*Loner
*But no awareness or longing to be with others.
*Ego Syntonic
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
*Precursor to Schizophrenia
*Lacks close friendships
*Odd behavior and thinking, may believe in aliens.
*magical thinking
*Bizarre fantasies
*NO psychotic episodes
Antisocial Personality Disorder
- Must be 18 or older
*Evidence of earlier conduct disorder prior to age 15
*Pervasive pattern of violation of rights of others.
*Law breaking behavior
*Lack of remorse
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
- Pervasive pattern of grandiosity
*Lack of empathy
*Envious of others
*Exaggerated sense of self.
*Sense of brilliance
*Thinks they are special
*Can become violent and have rage
*Most DV perps
Borderline Personality Disorder
*Rage
*Known for irritability
*Identity disturbances
*Black and white thinking.
*Recurrent multiple suicide attempts.
*Frantic, fears of rejections.
*Extreme S/I
*Cannot sustain relationships
Histrionic Personality Disorder
- Pervasive attention seeking behaviors.
*Seductive behavior
*Loves attention/center of attention
*Dress provocatively
*Shallow expression of emotions
*dramatic
Dependent Personality Disorder
*Difficulty making decisions
*Needs others to make choices
*fear of rejection and loss of support or approval
Delerium
*Comes on rapidly within a few hours
*Marked shift in memory, language, and executive function
*Rapid onset
Major Neurocognitive Disorder
*Serious issues with memory
*Cognition delay
*Challenges with motor skills
*requires skilled nursing
*Loss of anility to function
Mild Neurocognitive Disorder
- Precursor to Major
*Notable decline in cognitive functioning
*Can still maintain independence
Somatic Symptom Disorder
- Client has a health issue
*Severe health related anxiety
*Time and energy spent on symptoms
*Does have a documented health issue.
*Symptoms present for 6 months
Illness Anxiety Disorder
- Rarely has health issues
- Intense fear despite clean bill of health from doctors.
*Dr. Shops
*No dx
Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder
*Psychological issue
*Blind rage
*Loss of use of limbs
Malingering
Someone who fakes illness to get out f something, such as jail, courts or so forth,
Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder
*Experiences reality is intact
*Feeling outside of body
* World feels surreal
Dissociative Amnesia
Sudden onset of forgetting personal information under extreme stress.
Dissociative Identity Disorder DID
*Uncommon
*2 or more distinct personalities
*cant remember when one is at play.
Intermittent Explosive Disorder
- Problems controlling explosive behavior
- Verbally abusive
*Reactions are disproportionate to situation
*Marked aggression.
Cycles of Domestic Violence
HONEYMOON PHASE:
*Abuser is sorry, apologetic, and may display regret.
*Abuser makes promises and may say it wont happen again.
*This phase disappears in time
TENSION BUILDING:
* Minor incidence of physical/emotional abuse.
*Victim feels growing tension
*Victim tries to control situation to avoid violence
*Walking on eggshells
*Longest Phase
EXPLOSIVE/CRISIS PHASE:
* The actual abuse, physical, sexual, emotional, verbal, etc.
TRAUMA TREATMENT THERAPY
Trauma Informed Therapy
*Be aware of the complex impact of trauma on a client and how it affects their efforts to cope and function.
* Trauma informed approach integrates the impact of trauma on into every aspect of tx.
TRAUMA TREATMENT THERAPY
Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing EMDR
- Alleviates symptoms of trauma through EMDR of trauma.
*8 step Protocall
*Bilateral stimulation
TRAUMA TREATMENT THERAPY
Trauma Focused-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
TF-CBT is an evidenced based tx for children and adolescents used to treat the effects of trauma.
*Involves caregivers, with individual sessions for both children and caregivers, as well as joint sessions.
*helps reduce emotional and behavioral trauma symptoms and is relatively short term tx. (8-25 sessions)
*Tf-CBT includes 3 stages:
1. STABILIZATION: Stabilization skills are needed to help the child and parent tolerate the trauma processing that will occur in stage 2. Includes psychoeducation, relaxation skills, and parenting skills.
2. Trauma Narrative: The trauma narrative allows the child to tell the story of their trauma. over the course of several sessions. the child gives increasing details of what happened during the traumatic event. It often begins with factual details and then moves into thoughts or feelinsgfrom this time as well. This intervention helps make sense of their experience and serves as a form of exposure therapy to painful memories.
3. Integration and consolidation: Final phase of TFCBT. and occurs after the creation and processing of the trauma narrative. Focus is on enhancing personal safety and future growth.
TRAUMA TREATMENT THERAPY
Prolonged Exposure Therapy
PET in an evidence-based treatment for PTSD.
Helps clients to gradually approach 1. their trauma related memories and subsequent feelings. 2. Situations and places that cause anxiety as a result of the trauma.
*Prolonged exposure therapy uses both imaginal and in-vivo (in person) exposure. imaginal exposure includes the retelling of the trauma memory.
COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL THERPY THEORIES
Behavioral Therapy
Change of behavior occurs through reinforcements and punishments.
*Reinforcement: is about increasing a behavior.
*Punishment: Is about decreasing a behavior.
For behaviors Positive does not mean “good’ and negative does not mean “Bad”
*Positive means you are adding something
*Negative means you are taking something away.
*Positive reinforcement: Occurs when a behavior is followed by the addition of a stimulus that is rewarding, increasing the likelihood the behavior will occur again.
*Negative reinforcement: Occurs when a behavior is followed by the removal of an aversive (undesirable) stimulus, increasing the likelihood the behavior will occur again.
POSITIVE PUNISHMENT:
NEGATIVE PUNISHMENT:
TOKEN ECONOMY: Marbles, exchange system using the principles of operant conditioning.
Shaping: is a form of operant condition in which the increasing accurate approximations of a desired response are reinforced. like making bed. help at first then continue then reward with positivity when they do it on their own,
COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL THERPY THEORIES
Cognitive Therapy
Changes occur through learning to modify dysfunctional thought patterns.
* Clients explore patterns of thinking and beliefs that lead to self destructive undesired behaviors.
*Once a client understands the relationship between thoughts and feelings, the client is able to modify existing patterns.
*Therapy focuses on automatic thoughts , schemas, assumptions, and beliefs.
* good for treating anxiety and depression.
COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL THERPY THEORIES
CBT Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Used to modify dysfunctional thought patterns.
* Write down thoughts.
*Recognize negative thoughts.
*Negative cognitive Triad: 1. View of self. 2. View of the world. 3. View of prospects of the future.
Automatic thoughts:
Schemas:
REframing:
Cognitive Restructuring:
Thought Record:
COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL THERPY THEORIES
Dialectical Behavioral Therapy
DBT
Aims to change the behavior, emotional, and cognitive patterns associated with dysfunction.
*evidenced-based for borderline personality disorder. Chronic S/I , ED. Self injury and substance use disorder.
* Client has access to therapist in between sessions for coaching calls
* DBT: Mindfulness, Distress Tolerance, Interpersonal effectiveness, and Emotional Regulation.
Wise Mind: Clients balance both reason and emotion in decision making.
COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL THERPY THEORIES
Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy
Short term, present focused therapy that helps clients identify and replace self-defeating ridged thought patterns, beliefs and unhealthy behaviors that interfere with goals.
*Effective for anxiety, depression, substance use.
* looks at underlying reasons people jump to conclusions rather than focusing on the inaccuracy of the belief.
*Teaches unconditional self-acceptance.
Cognitive reframing, visualizations, self-help tools, and homework assignments.
COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL THERPY THEORIES
Exposure Therapy
Exposure therapy involve exposing the client to the source of anxiety in a safe environment. Exposure to the object of the fear in safe environment allows them to overcome the anxiety.
- USed to treat anxiety,, PTSD, social anxiety
*Helps confront fears
*Systematic desensitization: Used to treat phobias.
*Prolonged exposure therapy: EBT for PTSD
FAMILY THERAPY THEORIES
Attachment Theory
- Model for how attachments to early caregivers affects our long-term functioning.
*Secure attachment: The person has an easy access to a wide range of feelings and memories both positive and negative. Balanced view.
*Preoccupied/Anxious attachment: Person is overwhelmed with anger and hurt toward caregivers. Sometimes value intimacy such to an extent that they become overly dependent to the attached figure both past and present. Hard time seeing their own responsibility in relationships. Dismissive/Avoidant Attachment: Dismisses the importance of love and connection. and the value of emotions in general. idealize caregivers but actual memories done corroborate their idealization. Shallow dismissive of their own emotions.
Fearful: avoidant attachment: usually has a hx of trauma or loss. importance of love and connections but often or of fear they aren’t worthy of love.
