Libral State 1911-1918

Question 1

Unification of Italy

Answer 1

1860

Question 2

Triple alliance between Italy, Germany and Austria

Answer 2

1882

Question 3

Franchise extended from 2% to 25% of men

Answer 3

1885

Question 4

Italy defeated by Abyssinia at the battle of adowa

Answer 4

1896

Question 5

Major riots in which over 100 people were killed

Answer 5

1898

Question 6

Giolitti being re-elected for the 4th time

Answer 6

1903- 1911

Question 7

The invasion of Libya

Answer 7

1911

Question 8

Turkey surrendered Libya (due to the Balkan wars)

Answer 8

1912

Question 9

Further extension of franchise (all Italian men over 30)

Answer 9

1912

Question 10

the revolutionary wing of the PSI took control of leadership

Answer 10

1912

Question 11

General election

Answer 11

1913

Question 12

Giolitti resigned as PM and replaced by Salandra

Answer 12

1914

Question 13

Red week

Answer 13

June 1914

Question 14

Declaration of neutrality

Answer 14

August of 1914

Question 15

risorgimento

Answer 15

‘Rebirth’, referring to the unification of Italy in 1860s

Question 16

‘Legal’ and ‘real’ Italy

Answer 16

Italy was unified in a ‘legal’ and administrative way but the majority of the population ‘real Italy’ was excluded from politics and didn’t identify with the liberal state

Question 17

Roman question

Answer 17

Catholics church refusal to recognise the legitimacy of the Liberal State and the loss of the Papal States

Question 18

Transformismo

Answer 18

System of bargains and compromises that politicians made w each other to form a govement.

• Giolitti was the master of making such deals to form a majority
• party loyalty counted for little
• Transformismo was less effective when the electorate expanded in 1913

Question 19

Irredente (5/6)

Answer 19

Italian speaking territories occupied by Austria
- South Tyrol
- Trentino
- Istria
- Dalmatian coast
- the ports of trieste and Fiume

Question 20

Reformists

Answer 20

Moderate socialist party led by turatti

Question 21

Maximalists

Answer 21

Extremists in the socialist party
(Mussolini)

Question 22

Liberal party

Answer 22

A loose collection of groups generally in favour of the status quo including radicals (anti-clerical), catholics, nationalists, democrats and conservatives.

Dominated the parliament in terms of numbers but were internally divided
They tendered to group themselves around patrons such as Giolitti on the left and Salandra on the right of the party

Question 23

PSI

Answer 23

Italian socialist party

Question 24

ANI

Answer 24

Italian nationalists association
- a pressure group to make Italy a great power by an aggressive foreign policy
- influential among members of the elite but lacked a mass electoral base
D’annunzio was the prominent leader

Question 25

Futurists

Answer 25

Intellectual movement led by Marinetti who glorified violence and influenced the nationalists

Question 26

‘Industrial triangle’

Answer 26

Industrial base centred around the cities of TURIN, GENOA and MILAN

Question 27

Syndicalists

Answer 27

Extreme trade unions advocating strike action

Question 28

Catholic action

Answer 28

The umbrella organisation for the numerous charitable, youth and sports club that spreads the church’s influence beyond the role of priests

Question 29

Franchise 1912

Answer 29

Extension of the vote to most men (all literates or those w military service over 21 and all illiterates over 30)

Question 30

Giolitti’s reform programs (7)

Answer 30

1) abolished child labour
2) social insurance and pensions
3) maternity fund
4) spending on public works increased by 50%
5) balanced the budget by retraining expenditure on armed forces
6)maintained government neutrality in industrial disputes
7) enabled trade unions to strike and force employers into increasing wages

Question 31

Anti-clericalists

Answer 31

Italians who opposed the power of the Catholic Church

They rejected religious involvement in schools and marriage. Socialists and radicals where the major anti- clericalism

Giolitti’s electoral pact w the catholics in 1913 elections caused the radicals to withdraw their support to him, forcing him to resign in 1914 due to the lack of majority vote, hence salandra replacing him

Question 32

Illiteracy

Answer 32

1870s: 70%
1914s: 45% in the south 10%in the north

Question 33

Steel production

Answer 33

Germany was producing 20x as much steel Italy was producing

Question 34

Yields

Answer 34

French had x2 that of Germany

Question 35

Railway

Answer 35

Britain had x2 that of Germany

Question 36

Expenses on armed forces

Answer 36

Britain spent 5x as much on armed forces than Italy

Question 37

GDP

Answer 37

Italy’s GDP grew 2.8% annually

Worked wages grew by 40% from 1900 to 1914

Which is y the workers were generally non-revolutionary until red week

Question 38

Results of the 1913 election

Answer 38

PSI: 23% (an increase from 19%in 1909) but only obtained 52 deputies (11%)

Question 39

Results of the 1913 election

Answer 39

PSI: 23% (an increase from 19%in 1909) but only obtained 52 deputies (11%)
- due to the first past post system, as proportional representation was not introduced until after ww1
Nationalist: 3 deputies
Liberals: lost some deputies but still dominated 318/511

Question 40

Agricultural production

Answer 40

In 1914: 60% of the population was concerned by the agricultural production
In Britain is was only 15% == evidence on how Italy was industrially behind the other European countries

Question 41

PO valley

Answer 41

The most fertile region of Italy

Question 42

Franchise expansion stats

Answer 42

Only 2% of men could vote in 1870
Increased to 25% in 1885 but the majority of men weren’t legible to vote until 1913

Question 43

Electorate increase

Answer 43

3-8billion in 1912

Question 44

Avanti!

Answer 44

Socialist newspaper that quadrupled between 1912 and 1912 due to its new editor Mussolini

Question 45

Membership of PSI by 1914

Answer 45

50,000

Question 46

How many soldiers died in the Libyan war 1911-12

Answer 46

3,000