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History > Liberalism and Nationalism in Germany, 1815-1871 > Flashcards

Liberalism and Nationalism in Germany, 1815-1871 Flashcards

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1
Q

What year did the Congress of Vienna take place?

A

1814

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2
Q

True or False: The Congress of Vienna aimed to restore the pre-Napoleonic order in Europe.

A

True

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3
Q

What ideology emphasized national self-determination and the unification of German states?

A

Nationalism

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: The ________ movement in the early 19th century sought to unify the German states.

A

nationalist

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5
Q

Who was a prominent advocate for German unification and liberalism in the mid-19th century?

A

Otto von Bismarck

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6
Q

What was the primary goal of liberal movements in Germany during the 19th century?

A

To establish constitutional government and civil liberties.

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7
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following was a significant event leading to German unification? A) The Frankfurt Assembly B) The Congress of Vienna C) The Crimean War

A

A) The Frankfurt Assembly

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8
Q

True or False: The Frankfurt Assembly of 1848 was successful in unifying Germany.

A

False

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9
Q

What was the significance of the Zollverein established in 1834?

A

It created a customs union among German states, promoting economic unity.

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: The 1866 Austro-Prussian War resulted in the exclusion of ________ from German affairs.

A

Austria

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11
Q

What was the outcome of the Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871)?

A

The unification of Germany under Prussian leadership.

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12
Q

Who was the King of Prussia during the unification of Germany?

A

Wilhelm I

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13
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following was NOT a factor in German nationalism? A) Cultural movements B) Economic interests C) Colonial expansion

A

C) Colonial expansion

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14
Q

True or False: Liberalism in Germany was primarily concerned with the rights of the monarch.

A

False

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15
Q

What role did the Burschenschaften play in German nationalism?

A

They were student associations that promoted German unity and liberal ideas.

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16
Q

Fill in the blank: The ________ of 1848 was a series of revolutions across Europe, including Germany.

A

Springtime of Nations

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17
Q

What was the main demand of the German liberals during the 1848 revolutions?

A

A unified German state with a constitution.

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18
Q

Multiple Choice: Which treaty recognized the German Empire in 1871? A) Treaty of Versailles B) Treaty of Frankfurt C) Treaty of Tilsit

A

B) Treaty of Frankfurt

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19
Q

True or False: The unification of Germany was achieved solely through peaceful means.

A

False

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20
Q

What was the purpose of the National Assembly convened in Frankfurt in 1848?

A

To create a constitution for a unified Germany.

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21
Q

Fill in the blank: The ________ War of 1866 solidified Prussia’s dominance in German affairs.

A

Austro-Prussian

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22
Q

What ideology was primarily opposed to liberalism during the unification period?

A

Conservatism

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23
Q

Who led the Prussian military during the wars of German unification?

A

Helmuth von Moltke

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24
Q

Multiple Choice: The unification of Germany was officially proclaimed in which location? A) Berlin B) Versailles C) Frankfurt

A

B) Versailles

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25
Q

True or False: Nationalism in Germany was exclusively a middle-class movement.

A

False

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26
Q

What did the term ‘Grossdeutschland’ refer to in the context of German nationalism?

A

A unified Germany that included Austria.

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27
Q

Fill in the blank: The concept of ________ emphasized the cultural and linguistic unity of the German people.

A

Volksgeist

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28
Q

What was the impact of Romanticism on German nationalism?

A

It inspired a sense of national identity and pride in German culture.

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29
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following figures was associated with the conservative reaction against liberalism? A) Friedrich Ebert B) Klemens von Metternich C) Otto von Bismarck

A

B) Klemens von Metternich

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30
Q

True or False: The German Empire was established in 1871 after the victory over France.

A

True

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31
Q

What was the role of the Prussian Parliament in the unification process?

A

It supported Bismarck’s policies and military actions.

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32
Q

Fill in the blank: The ________ of 1864 marked the beginning of military conflicts that led to unification.

A

Danish War

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33
Q

What was the outcome of the Frankfurt Assembly in 1848?

A

It failed to achieve its goals and was dissolved.

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34
Q

Multiple Choice: Which ideology sought to limit the power of monarchs and promote civil rights in Germany? A) Liberalism B) Conservatism C) Socialism

A

A) Liberalism

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35
Q

True or False: The creation of the German Empire was a result of both diplomatic and military efforts.

A

True

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36
Q

What role did the German Confederation play in the unification process?

A

It was a loose association of German states that was ineffective in promoting unity.

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37
Q

Fill in the blank: The ________ was a secretive nationalist organization that aimed for German unity.

A

Carlsbad Decrees

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38
Q

What was the significance of the Treaty of Prague in 1866?

A

It established Prussian dominance over Germany and excluded Austria.

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39
Q

Multiple Choice: Which event is considered the final step in the unification of Germany? A) The Austro-Prussian War B) The Franco-Prussian War C) The Frankfurt Assembly

A

B) The Franco-Prussian War

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40
Q

True or False: The idea of a ‘kleindeutschland’ excluded Austria from a unified Germany.

A

True

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41
Q

What was the primary goal of the National Liberal Party formed in 1867?

A

To support Bismarck’s policies and promote liberal reforms.

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42
Q

Fill in the blank: The ________ was a series of uprisings in 1848 that spread across Europe, including Germany.

A

Revolutions

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43
Q

What was the impact of the 1871 unification on the balance of power in Europe?

A

It shifted the balance of power significantly in favor of Germany.

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44
Q

Multiple Choice: Who was the first Chancellor of the German Empire? A) Otto von Bismarck B) Wilhelm I C) Friedrich Ebert

A

A) Otto von Bismarck

45
Q

True or False: The German unification process was entirely peaceful and democratic.

A

False

46
Q

What was the significance of the Kulturkampf initiated by Bismarck?

A

It aimed to reduce the influence of the Catholic Church in German politics.

47
Q

Fill in the blank: The ________ was a series of policies aimed at promoting German nationalism and unity.

A

Bismarck’s policies

48
Q

What role did the German middle class play in the unification process?

A

They were key supporters of liberal and nationalist movements.

49
Q

Multiple Choice: Which event marked the beginning of the end for Austrian influence in German affairs? A) The Battle of Waterloo B) The Austro-Prussian War C) The Treaty of Versailles

A

B) The Austro-Prussian War

50
Q

True or False: The German Empire was a federation of states with a strong central government.

A

True

51
Q

What was the role of nationalism in the formation of the German Empire?

A

It provided a unifying ideology that brought together various German states.

52
Q

Fill in the blank: The ________ was a popular cultural movement that emphasized German folklore and history.

A

Romanticism

53
Q

What was the significance of the Battle of Sedan in 1870?

A

It was a decisive victory for Prussia over France, leading to German unification.

54
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following was a primary influence on the growth of nationalism in Germany? A) Industrialization B) Feudalism C) Absolutism

A

A) Industrialization

55
Q

True or False: The German Confederation was effective in promoting political unity among German states.

A

False

56
Q

What was the impact of the 1848 revolutions on the German unification process?

A

They highlighted the desire for unity but ultimately failed to achieve it.

57
Q

Fill in the blank: The ________ was the final war that led to the proclamation of the German Empire.

A

Franco-Prussian War

58
Q

What was the main purpose of the Pan-German League established in the late 19th century?

A

To promote the idea of a greater German nation.

59
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following was a key factor in the rise of nationalism in Germany? A) Economic hardship B) Military defeats C) Cultural revival

A

C) Cultural revival

60
Q

True or False: The concept of nationalism in Germany was static and did not evolve over time.

A

False

61
Q

What was the significance of the National Assembly’s failure in 1848?

A

It demonstrated the challenges of achieving German unity through democratic means.

62
Q

Fill in the blank: The ________ was a key military conflict that established Prussian leadership in German affairs.

A

Austro-Prussian War

63
Q

What was the long-term impact of German unification on Europe?

A

It altered the balance of power and set the stage for future conflicts.

64
Q

Multiple Choice: Who was the prominent liberal leader during the 1848 revolutions in Germany? A) Karl Marx B) Friedrich Hecker C) Otto von Bismarck

A

B) Friedrich Hecker

65
Q

When was the German Confederation established?

A

June 1815

66
Q

When was the Zollverein founded?

A

1834

67
Q

When did Friedrich Wilhelm IV become king of Prussia?

A

June 1840

68
Q

When did Revolution begin in Austria and Germany?

A

March 1848

69
Q

When did the Frankfurt Parliament Collapse?

A

June 1849

70
Q

When was the Erfurt Union of German states formed?

A

March 1850

71
Q

When did the Humiliation of Olmütz occur, and Prussia abandons the Erfurt Union?

A

November 1850

72
Q

When did Wilhelm I become king of Prussia?

A

January 1861

73
Q

When did Bismarck become minister-president (prime minister) of Prussia?

A

September 1862

74
Q

When did the Austro-Prussian war against Denmark begin?

A

January 1864

75
Q

When did the Austro-Prussian war happen?

A

June 1866

76
Q

When did the Treaty of Prague happen?

A

August 1866

77
Q

When was the North German Confederation set up under Prussian leadership?

A

June 1867

78
Q

When did the Franco-Prussian war begin?

A

July 1870

79
Q

When was the German Empire established?

A

Jan 1871

80
Q

When we’re the repressive Carlsbad decrees introduced by Metternich?

A

August 1819

81
Q

When was the Hambach festival organised? What was it about? What was the result?

A

May 1832. Liberal and nationalist ideas were openly discussed. Group called Young Germany was established - it called for a united Germany based on liberal principles.

82
Q

What were the Six Articles of June 1832?

A

New round of repressive measures which limited rights of elected assemblies in states which had constitutions and declared supremacy of federal law.

83
Q

What did the Ten Articles do and when we’re they passed?

A

Passed the following month banned political meetings and festivals. Even illegal to wear colours of student associations in scarves and ties.

84
Q

Who were the Gottingen Seven?

A

Seven university professors who objected to abolition of Hanover constitution that lost their posts as a result. Included the Grimm brothers.

85
Q

how long did the frankfurt parliament meet for?

A

May 1848-June 1849

86
Q

how long did the frankfurt parliament meet for?

A

May 1848-June 1849

87
Q

when was Erfurt Union announced

A

in erfurt in saxony in march 1850.

88
Q

who was new and able austrian foreign minister after metternich was exiled during 1848 revolutions?

A

Prince Félix Schwarzenberg

89
Q

What was Austria’s reaction to the proposal fo the Erfurt union?

A

put forth a rival plan called the SCHWARZENBERG PLAN, in which a Grossdeutschland would be created and Austria, Prussia and larger states would govern together. Result is that Hanover, Saxony and Baden abandoned the Erfurt Union.

90
Q

What caused the humiliation of Olmutz?

A

Humiliation of Olmutz in November 1850 was Prussia formally agreeing to abandon the Erfurt Union, and in doing so, give up its claim on the leadership of the German states.
Was caused because after Schwarzenberg plan Elector of Hesse-Cassel appealed to Austria for help in a dispute with the parliament, but the parliament appealed to Prussia.
Austria and Russia moved troops in to resolve the conflict on behalf of the lector and prussia was too weak to resist.

91
Q

what was poitical result of revolutions, then failure of frankfurt parliament, then failure of erfurt union, then schwarzenberg plan, then humiliation of olmutz?

A

in May 1851 German Confederation was reestablished

92
Q

when was the crimean war?

A

1854-856

93
Q

what was the nationalverein formed in 1859?

A

organisation that called for nationwide elections, and strong national authority to replace confederation and placed hopes in Prussia to do this. made of middle class people.

94
Q

Who was Otto von Manteuffel?

A

Minister president of Prussia from 1850-1858. Was a conservative who introduced many socially beneficial reforms that prevented radicalism and lower class people from supporting liberalism because bonds between people and monarchy were strengthened.

95
Q

when did Wilhelm I become regent of prussia?

A

1858

96
Q

when did Wilhelm I ascend the throne in his own right?

A

1861

97
Q

what was the Landwehr

A

a semi-civilian militia force separate from the army

98
Q

when was bismarck appointed as minister president?

A

1862

99
Q

who took the initiative to recommend bismarck as minister president?

A

albrecht von roon, the minister of war

100
Q

when was war with denmark?

A

1864

101
Q

when was war with austria?

A

1866

102
Q

when was the war with france?

A

1870-71

103
Q

which two army leaders significantly helped bismarck achieve german unification?

A
  1. Field Marshal von Moltke
  2. Minister of War, von Roon
104
Q

who was the ruler of denmark who proposed the incorporation of schleswig into denmark? who was the rival candidate put forward for duke of schleswig?

A

christian IX
duke friedrich of augustenburg (a german prince)

105
Q

how did bismarck improve prussia’s relationship with russia in 1863

A

gave diplomatic support to tsar alexander II in repressing revolt in poland

106
Q

what was the gastein convention and when was it?

A

august 1865 - temporary agreement that agreed prussia would administer Schleswig, and austria Holstein

107
Q

who was the indecisive commander that commanded the austrian army during the austro-prussian war?

A

Ludwig Benedek

108
Q

when was the treaty of prague?

A

august 1866

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