Liberalism

Question 1

Immanuel Kant (1)

Answer 1

Republican Liberalism. Perpetual peace is answer to “lawless state of savagery.” Reason could deliver freedom and justice in international relations.

Question 2

Immanuel Kant (2)

Answer 2

The constitution of every state shall be Republican.
Collective security agreements will be established (abolishes war)
“Cosmopolitan right” (individual consciousness)

Question 3

Immanuel Kant (3)

Answer 3

Peace is the normal state of affairs. Unhindered commerce between peoples of world would unite them in a common, peaceful enterprise.

Question 4

David Ricardo

Answer 4

Free trade binds together the society of nations. Law of comparative advantages.

Question 5

John Stuart Mill

Answer 5

Free trade was the means to bring about the end of war.

Question 6

David Mitrany

Answer 6

Ramification is the idea that cooperation in one sector leads to cooperation in other sectors. High cost of withholding results from growing interdependency.

Question 7

Michael Doyle

Answer 7

Liberal States have created a “separate peace” liberal democracies are uniquely willing to eschew the use of force in their relations with one another.” Democracies, however, maintain a healthy appetite for conflict with authoritarian states.

Question 8

G. John Ikenberry

Answer 8

In post-WWII liberal international system the U.S. sacrificed short-gains for long-term gains. (Bretton Woods System and NATO)

Question 9

Robert Cobden

Answer 9

The progress of freedom depends on maintenance of peace, spread of commerce, and diffusion of education than upon the labors of cabinets and foreign offices. Free trade would create a more peaceful world.

Question 10

Joseph Schumpter

Answer 10

War was the aggressive instincts of unrepresentative elites. He saw the interaction of capitalism and democracy as foundation of liberal pacifism.

Question 11

Joseph Nye (pluralist) (1)

Answer 11

Membership in international institutions states can broaden their self-interests and widen scope of cooperation. Weakens state sovereignty.

Question 12

Joseph Nye (pluralist) (2)

Answer 12

Hegemonic facilitator can get states to interact.

Question 13

Joseph Nye (pluralist) (3)

Answer 13

World is not a system of colliding billiard balls but cobweb of political, economic, and social relations binding subnational, national, transnational, international and supranational actors.

Question 14

Robert Keohane (1)

Answer 14

Supports the centrality of non-state actors (interest groups, international non-governmental organizations, transnational national cooperation. Cobweb of diverse actors linked through multiple channels of interaction.

Question 15

Robert Keohane (2)

Answer 15

Institutions provide information, reduce transaction costs, enforce commitments. He is critical that trade/commerce breeds peace but does provide incentive for cooperation but it’s not guaranteed. The possibility of cumulative progress in humanity.

Question 16

Hugo Grotius

Answer 16

Founded international law (laws of peace and war). Restrict war and expand peace by clarifying standards of conduct for all independent states.

Question 17

Jeremy Bentham

Answer 17

Believed the power of law could solve the problems of war. Establish a common tribunal to prevent war.

Question 18

Francis Fukuyama

Answer 18

Wrote “The End of History” - liberal states were more stable internally and more peaceful in their international relations. Liberal democracy had no serious ideological competitor. The endpoint in mankind’s ideological evolution.

Question 19

John Locke

Answer 19

Advocated popular consent and the limits of sovereignty

Question 20

Adam Smith

Answer 20

Wrote “The Wealth of Nations”

Question 21

Inis Claude

Answer 21

Advocated collective security:

1. Renounce military force
2. Broaden national interests to international interest
3. Entrusting their destinies to collective security

Question 22

Thomas Paine (1)

Answer 22

“The Rights of Man” - “war system” was contrived to preserve power and employment of princes, statesmen, soldiers in order to affirm their power.

Question 23

Thomas Paine (2)

Answer 23

Free trade allows for natural harmony that exist with people.

Question 24

Jean Jacques Rousseau

Answer 24

Social Contract - The individual is the most important unit of analysis. The state should play a minimum role in politics and economics.

Question 25

David Hume

Answer 25

Demonstrated protectionism decreases exports over the long term

Question 26

Four Claims of Liberalism

Answer 26

1. All citizens are juridically equal and have equal rights to education, religious toleration and access to free press.
2. Legislative assembly of the state possesses only the authority invested in it by the people.
3. Individuals have a right to own property.
4. Market-driven economic exchange is the most effective.

Question 27

Key Ideas of Liberalism

Answer 27

1. Collective Security
2. Cosmopolitan Model of Democracy
3. Democratic Peace
4. Enlightenment
5. Harmony of Interests
6. Idealism
7. Integration
8. Interdependence
9. Normative Liberalism
10. Pluralism
11. World Government

Question 28

Neoliberals Believe:

Answer 28

1. The international system is anarchic.
2. Actors with common interests try to maximize absolute gains.
3. Institutions and regimes are significant forces in international relations.