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Politics Ideologies > Liberalism > Flashcards

Liberalism Flashcards

1
Q

What is liberalism?

A

A political ideology that emphasizes individual freedom, equality, and limited government.

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2
Q

Who is considered the father of classical liberalism?

A

John Locke.

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3
Q

True or False: Liberalism advocates for absolute government control.

A

False.

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: John Stuart Mill is known for his work on _____ and liberty.

A

Utilitarianism.

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5
Q

What is the main focus of modern liberalism?

A

Social justice and state intervention to promote equality.

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6
Q

What does the term ‘negative liberty’ refer to?

A

Freedom from interference by others, especially the government.

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7
Q

Which thinker is associated with the concept of the ‘social contract’?

A

Thomas Hobbes.

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8
Q

What is the key idea in John Locke’s philosophy?

A

The protection of individual rights and property.

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9
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a core principle of liberalism? A) Individualism B) Collectivism C) Equality D) Freedom

A

B) Collectivism.

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10
Q

What is the significance of the ‘harm principle’ proposed by Mill?

A

Individuals are free to act as they wish unless their actions harm others.

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11
Q

True or False: Liberalism supports absolute monarchy.

A

False.

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12
Q

Fill in the blank: The idea of _____ is central to liberalism’s advocacy for democracy.

A

Consent of the governed.

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13
Q

Who wrote ‘On Liberty’?

A

John Stuart Mill.

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14
Q

What is the role of government according to liberal thinkers?

A

To protect individual rights and liberties.

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15
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of classical liberalism? A) Economic intervention B) Social welfare C) Free markets D) Strong state control

A

C) Free markets.

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16
Q

What does ‘positive liberty’ mean?

A

The ability to act upon one’s free will and achieve personal goals.

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17
Q

Which liberal thinker emphasized the importance of education for personal development?

A

John Stuart Mill.

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18
Q

True or False: Liberalism is solely focused on economic freedom.

A

False.

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19
Q

Fill in the blank: Liberalism values _____ as a fundamental human right.

A

Individual freedom.

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20
Q

What is the importance of the rule of law in liberalism?

A

It ensures that all individuals are treated equally and that power is not exercised arbitrarily.

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21
Q

Who is associated with the idea of ‘liberal democracy’?

A

Alexis de Tocqueville.

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22
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following concepts is central to liberalism? A) Collectivism B) Individual rights C) Totalitarianism D) Feudalism

A

B) Individual rights.

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23
Q

What did John Locke believe about property rights?

A

He believed that property rights are natural rights derived from individual labor.

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24
Q

True or False: Liberalism advocates for censorship to maintain social order.

A

False.

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25
Q

Fill in the blank: The term ‘laissez-faire’ is associated with _____ economics.

A

Classical.

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26
Q

What does the term ‘civil society’ refer to in liberal thought?

A

The sphere of voluntary associations and organizations outside of government control.

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27
Q

Which philosopher argued for the separation of church and state?

A

John Locke.

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28
Q

Multiple Choice: What does liberalism prioritize? A) Group identity B) Individual autonomy C) Hierarchical structures D) Tradition

A

B) Individual autonomy.

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29
Q

What is the significance of pluralism in liberalism?

A

It recognizes and values diversity in society and promotes tolerance of different viewpoints.

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30
Q

True or False: Classical liberalism supports government intervention in the economy.

A

False.

31
Q

Fill in the blank: _____ liberalism advocates for a more active role of the state in economic and social matters.

A

Modern.

32
Q

What is the concept of ‘tolerance’ in liberalism?

A

The acceptance of different beliefs and practices in society.

33
Q

Who is known for the phrase ‘the greatest happiness for the greatest number’?

A

Jeremy Bentham.

34
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following thinkers is known for his critique of capitalism? A) Adam Smith B) Karl Marx C) John Stuart Mill D) Friedrich Hayek

A

B) Karl Marx.

35
Q

What is the liberal view on equality?

A

Equality before the law and equal opportunities for all individuals.

36
Q

True or False: Liberalism believes in the absolute freedom of speech without any limitations.

A

False.

37
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ is a key feature of liberal democracy, ensuring free and fair elections.

A

Electoral process.

38
Q

What role does education play in liberalism?

A

It is essential for the development of informed and autonomous citizens.

39
Q

Which thinker is associated with the idea of ‘self-ownership’?

A

John Stuart Mill.

40
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a key tenet of liberalism? A) Central planning B) Collective ownership C) Individual rights D) Monopolistic practices

A

C) Individual rights.

41
Q

What does the term ‘economic freedom’ mean in the context of liberalism?

A

The right of individuals to control their own economic resources without excessive government interference.

42
Q

True or False: Liberalism supports social inequalities as a natural outcome of freedom.

A

True.

43
Q

Fill in the blank: The concept of _____ is essential for the functioning of a liberal society, allowing for dissent and debate.

A

Freedom of expression.

44
Q

What is the liberal stance on social welfare?

A

It supports social welfare programs to assist the disadvantaged while promoting personal responsibility.

45
Q

Which philosopher argued that the state should only intervene to prevent harm to others?

A

John Stuart Mill.

46
Q

Multiple Choice: Who is a key proponent of neoliberalism? A) John Maynard Keynes B) Friedrich Hayek C) Karl Marx D) Thomas Hobbes

A

B) Friedrich Hayek.

47
Q

What does the term ‘freedom of association’ mean in liberalism?

A

The right of individuals to join or form groups for social, political, or economic purposes.

48
Q

True or False: All forms of liberalism advocate for the same level of government intervention.

A

False.

49
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ is a fundamental aspect of liberalism that promotes the protection of civil liberties.

A

Bill of Rights.

50
Q

What is the liberal view on international relations?

A

It advocates for cooperation, trade, and diplomacy over conflict.

51
Q

Which liberal thinker emphasized the importance of individual autonomy and personal development?

A

John Stuart Mill.

52
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a critique of liberalism? A) It promotes equality B) It leads to social fragmentation C) It supports democracy D) It values individual rights

A

B) It leads to social fragmentation.

53
Q

What does the term ‘social contract’ imply in liberal theory?

A

An implicit agreement among individuals to form a society and abide by its rules for mutual benefit.

54
Q

True or False: Liberalism believes in the primacy of the individual over the state.

A

True.

55
Q

Fill in the blank: The principle of _____ allows for the protection of minority rights in a liberal democracy.

A

Pluralism.

56
Q

What is the liberal perspective on economic inequality?

A

It acknowledges inequality but emphasizes the importance of equal opportunity.

57
Q

Which thinker is known for advocating for women’s rights and gender equality?

A

Mary Wollstonecraft.

58
Q

Multiple Choice: What is a common goal of liberalism? A) Authoritarian rule B) Economic regulation C) Individual freedom D) Social hierarchy

A

C) Individual freedom.

59
Q

What is the importance of free markets in liberal economic theory?

A

They are believed to promote efficiency, innovation, and individual prosperity.

60
Q

True or False: Liberalism supports the idea of a welfare state.

A

True, but with limits on government intervention.

61
Q

Fill in the blank: The concept of _____ is essential for liberal thought, emphasizing that individuals should have the right to make their own choices.

A

Autonomy.

62
Q

What is the liberal view on freedom of speech?

A

It is a fundamental right that must be protected, even for unpopular opinions.

63
Q

Which philosopher is known for the idea of ‘the marketplace of ideas’?

A

John Stuart Mill.

64
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a principle of modern liberalism? A) Minimal state intervention B) Economic collectivism C) Social justice D) Absolute freedom

A

C) Social justice.

65
Q

What does ‘self-determination’ refer to in liberal ideology?

A

The right of individuals and groups to make their own choices and govern themselves.

66
Q

True or False: Liberalism promotes a static view of society.

A

False.

67
Q

Fill in the blank: The idea of _____ emphasizes the importance of individual rights in a liberal society.

A

Liberty.

68
Q

What is the significance of the separation of powers in liberal democracies?

A

It prevents the concentration of power and protects individual freedoms.

69
Q

Which thinker is associated with the idea of ‘social justice’ in modern liberalism?

A

John Rawls.

70
Q

Multiple Choice: What does ‘laissez-faire’ economics advocate? A) State control of the economy B) Minimal government intervention C) Centralized planning D) Collective ownership

A

B) Minimal government intervention.

71
Q

What is the liberal stance on immigration?

A

It generally supports immigration as a means of promoting diversity and individual rights.

72
Q

True or False: Liberalism is opposed to globalization.

A

False.

73
Q

Fill in the blank: The principle of _____ ensures that the government is accountable to the people in a liberal democracy.

A

Transparency.

74
Q

What is the liberal perspective on environmental issues?

A

It advocates for sustainable development while balancing economic growth and environmental protection.

Politics Ideologies (1 decks)

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