Liberalism Flashcards
when was feudalism
5th century - 1485 (Tudor times)
when was the Renaissance
15th Century
when was the Enlightenment
17th Century - 19th Century
what was the most important person during feudalism
God
who was a leading philosopher during the Enlightenment
John Locke
what does Renaissance
‘Rebrith’ (of Greek and Roman ideas)
what were the key themes during the Renaissance
-Republic
-Democracy
-Rationality
-Logic
What was John Locke’s main idea
idea of tolerance
what and when was John Locke’s book
‘Two Treatises of Government’ (1690)
what did Locke believe the three main points that underpinned the state of nature
- ‘Natural laws’
- ‘natural liberties’
- ‘natural rights’
what is Liberalism?
Liberalism – a political philosophy or worldview based and founded on ideas of liberty and equality
Aspects of liberalism
- Freedom of speech
- Freedom of press
- Freedom of religion
- Free markets
- Civil rights
- Democratic societies
- Secular governments
- Gender equality
- International cooperation
what is Liberalism often compared against
Conservatism or Absolutism
what is absolutism
the monarch having absolute power (last absolute monarch was Charles I)
what things were challenged during the Enlightenment
- Social and political norms of hereditary privilege
- State religion
- Absolute monarch
- The Divine Right of Kings
what was John Locke’s social contract
John Locke - ‘each man has a natural right to life, liberty and property’
when was John Locke alive
1632 – 1704
what major event happened in 1688
Glorious Revolution (1688) – when parliament decided who would be the king of England after the English Civil War
what major event happened in 1776
American Revolution (1776) e.g. The Declaration of Independence, The Constitution
what major event happened in 1789
French Revolution (1789) – People rising up against the monarchy
what did thomas hobbes describe the state of nature as
“nasty, brutish and short”
