liberalism Flashcards
John lock
Social contract- society, state, and the government are based on voluntary agreements
Limited government- should be small and have consent from the people
Mary wolfstencraft
reason- Woman are rational independent beings capable of reason
Formal equality- to be free, woman should be allowed civil liberties to a career
John stuart mill
harm principle- we should be free to do anything except harm other individuals
Tolerance just because a view I popular doesn’t mean its correct
John Rawls
Theorry of justice- society must be just and guarantee each citizen a good quality of life
veil of ignorance- Hypothetical scenario where individuals agree on the type of society they want without knowing their position
Betty Friedan
legal equality- woman are as capable as men and oppressive laws and social views must be overturned
equal opportunity- woman are being held back from achieving their potential because of the limited
The state similarities
The state is a necessary evil it can provide a threat to peoples personal freedoms
The basic role of the state is to provide liberty and freedom to all
The state differences
Social contract John Locke people must submit limited personal liberties to ensure greater freedom- modern liberals are comfortable with a much larger role of the state
Classical believe in the state of nature that there is inevitable conflict further all law should be established natural law
The economy agreements
a belief in capitalism is essential free market economics is very important
Taxation should be low because low taxes make people work hard
The economy disagreements
classical the market should be left without state intervention- modern liberals failure of thes Keynesian economics
Foundational equality
rights all humans have by being born cannot be taken away
formal equality
the idea that individuals have the same legal and political rights in society
social contract
the idea that the state/ society is set up with agreement from people to respect its laws which serve to protect them
meritocracy
A society organised on the basis that success is based on ability and hard work
mechanistic society
the state was created by man to serve the people and act in their interest
limited government
the role of government is limited by checks and balances and separating powers because of their corrupt nature
egotistical individualism
the idea individual freedom is associated with self interest and self reliance
developmental individualism
the idea individual freedom is linked to human flourishing
Keynesianism
an economic system organised by the market where goods are produced for exchange of profit and wealth is privately owned
laissez faire capitalism
an economic system organised by the market where goods are produced for exchange profit and wealth is privately owned
negative freedom
the absence of external constraints in society as well as no interference in the public sphere
positive freedom
the idea that freedom is about personal fulfilment and realisation of potential
Human nature agreement
all liberals take a positive view on human nature
equal moral worth and unique ability
belief in natural rights not given by the state
Human nature (individualism disagreement)
classical liberalism - Egotistical individualism people pursue own self interest owe nothing to society
modern liberals- developmental individualism focuses on the extent to which all individuals are to grow and reach their potential
Human nature (disagreement rationalism)
classical liberals- utilitarianism- the most rational actions, laws act, are those that create the greatest happiness for the greatest numbers
modern liberals- higher and lower pleasures - the actions with the most utility are those that allow us to progress and develop individuality
