liberalism

Question 1

John lock

Answer 1

Social contract- society, state, and the government are based on voluntary agreements

Limited government- should be small and have consent from the people

Question 2

Mary wolfstencraft

Answer 2

reason- Woman are rational independent beings capable of reason

Formal equality- to be free, woman should be allowed civil liberties to a career

Question 3

John stuart mill

Answer 3

harm principle- we should be free to do anything except harm other individuals

Tolerance just because a view I popular doesn’t mean its correct

Question 4

John Rawls

Answer 4

Theorry of justice- society must be just and guarantee each citizen a good quality of life

veil of ignorance- Hypothetical scenario where individuals agree on the type of society they want without knowing their position

Question 5

Betty Friedan

Answer 5

legal equality- woman are as capable as men and oppressive laws and social views must be overturned

equal opportunity- woman are being held back from achieving their potential because of the limited

Question 6

The state similarities

Answer 6

The state is a necessary evil it can provide a threat to peoples personal freedoms

The basic role of the state is to provide liberty and freedom to all

Question 7

The state differences

Answer 7

Social contract John Locke people must submit limited personal liberties to ensure greater freedom- modern liberals are comfortable with a much larger role of the state

Classical believe in the state of nature that there is inevitable conflict further all law should be established natural law

Question 8

The economy agreements

Answer 8

a belief in capitalism is essential free market economics is very important

Taxation should be low because low taxes make people work hard

Question 9

The economy disagreements

Answer 9

classical the market should be left without state intervention- modern liberals failure of thes Keynesian economics

Question 10

Foundational equality

Answer 10

rights all humans have by being born cannot be taken away

Question 11

formal equality

Answer 11

the idea that individuals have the same legal and political rights in society

Question 12

social contract

Answer 12

the idea that the state/ society is set up with agreement from people to respect its laws which serve to protect them

Question 13

meritocracy

Answer 13

A society organised on the basis that success is based on ability and hard work

Question 14

mechanistic society

Answer 14

the state was created by man to serve the people and act in their interest

Question 15

limited government

Answer 15

the role of government is limited by checks and balances and separating powers because of their corrupt nature

Question 16

egotistical individualism

Answer 16

the idea individual freedom is associated with self interest and self reliance

Question 17

developmental individualism

Answer 17

the idea individual freedom is linked to human flourishing

Question 18

Keynesianism

Answer 18

an economic system organised by the market where goods are produced for exchange of profit and wealth is privately owned

Question 19

laissez faire capitalism

Answer 19

an economic system organised by the market where goods are produced for exchange profit and wealth is privately owned

Question 20

negative freedom

Answer 20

the absence of external constraints in society as well as no interference in the public sphere

Question 21

positive freedom

Answer 21

the idea that freedom is about personal fulfilment and realisation of potential

Question 22

Human nature agreement

Answer 22

all liberals take a positive view on human nature
equal moral worth and unique ability
belief in natural rights not given by the state

Question 23

Human nature (individualism disagreement)

Answer 23

classical liberalism - Egotistical individualism people pursue own self interest owe nothing to society

modern liberals- developmental individualism focuses on the extent to which all individuals are to grow and reach their potential

Question 24

Human nature (disagreement rationalism)

Answer 24

classical liberals- utilitarianism- the most rational actions, laws act, are those that create the greatest happiness for the greatest numbers

modern liberals- higher and lower pleasures - the actions with the most utility are those that allow us to progress and develop individuality

Question 25

Human nature (tolerance disagreement)

Answer 25

Classical liberals- harm principle it is not justifiable to interfere with self regarding actions, even if harmful to the individual

modern liberals- enabling state/ positive freedoms individuals might need help in identifying their real interests and pursuing higher pleasures

Question 26

individualism agreement

Answer 26

the individuals interests are more important than collective/ societal interests they apply equally to everyone and shouldn’t be infringed on by the state

Question 27

Tolerance agreement

Answer 27

there is a shared willingness respect values customs and beleifs which should not be taken away relaxed outlook on lifestyle choices