liberalism

Question 1

Individualism

Answer 1

Individualism is the belief in the supreme importance of the individual over any social group or collective body.

All individuals are unique and have their own wealth

Question 2

Developmental individualism

Answer 2

Individuals should be able to control their own destinies to achieve self-fulfilment, requiring some state intervention.

Question 3

Egotistical individualism

Answer 3

Self seeking and self reliant society is little more than a collection of individuals.

Question 4

Tolerance

Answer 4

Individual choices, practices and beliefs should be tolerated.

Question 5

Freedom

Answer 5

Being free from government restraint. However, the ability to enjoy freedom will be constrained by laws.

Question 6

Negative freedom

Answer 6

Individuals should be able to exercise their judgment about their own needs without needing to be guided by external authorities.

Question 7

Positive freedom

Answer 7

Individual freedom is linked to the desire to create a society in which each person can grow.

Question 8

The state

Answer 8

A collection of permanent institutions that make up a nation under one government.

Question 9

Limited government

Answer 9

A system of government with checks and balances limiting the exercise of power.

Question 10

Constitutionalism

Answer 10

Government in which power is distributed and limited by a system of laws, usually codified through a written constitution.

Question 11

Laissez-faire capitalism

Answer 11

Self-interest and the free-market drive economic growth.

Question 12

Rationalism

Answer 12

Humans are rational creatures capable of reason and logic and should be entrusted with as much freedom as possible

Question 13

Equality of opportunity

Answer 13

The idea that all individuals should have equal chances in life to rise and fall.

Question 14

Foundational equality

Answer 14

the rights that all humans have by virtue of being born

Question 15

Meritocracy

Answer 15

People with different abilities should be rewarded differently, rewarding hard work.

Question 16

Social contract

Answer 16

People must freely give, and renew, their consent to be governed. They have a right to rebellion if the government breaks this contract

Question 17

John Locke dates and Key works

Answer 17

1632 - 1704 - Two treatises on Gov’t (1689)

Question 18

John Locke’s key ideas

Answer 18

‘life, liberty & property’ 
Society, state and government are based on a voluntary agreement or contract.
Foundational inequality 
Social contract 
limited Gov’t

Question 19

John Locke - Human nature

Answer 19

Natural rights were present before the state and before the state life was pleasant so the state should return to a society based on natural rights

Question 20

John Locke - The state

Answer 20

The gov’t should be limited and based on consent from below.
Night watchman state
People have the right to overthrow gov’t as part of the social contract

Question 21

John Locke - Society

Answer 21

foundational equality or natural rights - we are all born equal in rights and we, and the state, must respect these rights Govt should also exercise tolerance

Question 22

John Locke - Econ

Answer 22

Property rights

Question 23

Mary Wollstonecraft dates and key works

Answer 23

1759-97

A vindication of the rights of women (1792)

Question 24

Mary W - Key ideas

Answer 24

Women are rational independent beings capable of reason

In order to be free,women should enjoy full civil liberties and be able to pursue a career.

Question 25

Mary W - Human nature

Answer 25

he tyranny of the male over the female in a material relationship must be resisted as it prevents people from being good citizens.
Women should be able to choose wether to work

Question 26

Mary W - State

Answer 26

Republican

Question 27

Mary W - Society

Answer 27

Women are just as rational as men and should be afforded the same rights.
equality of opportunity for women - Individualism creates a better society

Question 28

Mary W - econ

Answer 28

Women should not have to rely economically on men

Question 29

John Rawls

Answer 29

Modern social liberal

Question 30

econ

Answer 30

Government intervention to ensure equality of opportunity