Liberal State - Growing instability Flashcards
Why didnāt the Libyan War help Giolitti to āabsorbā the nationalists?
It increased support for the ANI but also accentuated their opposition to the liberal government. Nationalists took credit for the war
Why did nationalists take credit for the Libyan War?
They claimed that Giolitti only launched it under pressure from their movement and denounced liberals blaming weakness and their lack of patriotism as the reasons why so many men were lost fighting
Why did the Libyan War destroy Giolittiās cooperation with the PSI?
The PSI opposed war as imperialist militarism and radical socialists expelled members who had supported the war such as Bissolati
What did the revolutionary wing of the PSI do after the Libyan war?
Seized control and rejected further cooperation with Giolitti and isolated moderate members of the PSI
Who was appointed editor of the socialist newspaper Avanti!?
Benito Mussolini
What did the socialist newspaper Avanti! focus on?
The corrupt liberal order and Militarists who had murdered workers in Libya and Italy.
How did Giolittiās attempt at absorbing the socialists into the liberal state end?
In failure
Who was the vote restricted to before 1911?
Literate men over the age of 21
Why did Giolitti change suffrage?
It was difficult to deny the vote to Italyās conscript soldiers who were fighting in Libya, many of them who were not literate enough
What did the new law passed in 1912 change in regards to suffrage?
The vote was extended to all men who had completed military service and all men over 30, regardless of literacy
What percentage of voters were potentially illiterate in 1912?
70%
What did Giolitti hope that increased suffrage would promote?
Greater national unity, Increase the popularity of the liberals and strengthen the vote in rural areas (tended to be more conservative), undermine the PSI
Why did Giolitti hope increased suffrage would undermine the PSI?
with greater electoral representation, the working class would be less inclined to support more radical ideologies
[Gap fill] The first elections under new suffrage took place in ____ and demonstrated the overall ______ of Giolittiās ______.
The first elections under new suffrage took place in 1913 and demonstrated the overall failure of Giolittiās strategy.
How many seats did Liberal deputies win in the 1913 elections?
318 seats, a loss of 71 since the 1909 election
What did the president of the Catholic Electoral Union, Count Gentiloni, secretly ask liberal candidates?
To agree to seven key points (mainly on RS and divorce) in return for the Catholic vote. After he boasted that 228/318 owed victory to Catholic support
What did socialists and anticlerical liberals do in the spring of 1914?
Withdrew support for Giolitti due to his concessions to the CC.
Giolittiās resignation
Resigned in spring of 1914 as socialists and anticlerical liberals withdrew support for him
Who replaced Giolitti?
Antonio Salandra
What did Salandra believe?
He could revive liberalism by linking it more closely with nationalism
Why was Italy in turmoil again in June 1914?
PSI proclaimed national strike after three protestors were shot dead by police in Ancona. Anarchists, Republicans and other radicals joined in. For a week, north and central Italy was in chaos - Red week
What happened in Red Week?
Public buildings torched, tax registers destroyed, railway stations seized and churches attacked in Northern and central Italy. Hundreds of workers lost their lives. Italy on the verge of revolution
How did Red Week end?
After trade unions agreed to call off strike. The riots demonstrated to Salandra the difficulty of achieving national unity.
What happened in August 1914?
War broke out in Europe, pitting central powers, Germany and Austria against the entente of Russia, Britian and France.
