Liberal State - Growing instability Flashcards

1
Q

Why didnā€™t the Libyan War help Giolitti to ā€˜absorbā€™ the nationalists?

A

It increased support for the ANI but also accentuated their opposition to the liberal government. Nationalists took credit for the war

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2
Q

Why did nationalists take credit for the Libyan War?

A

They claimed that Giolitti only launched it under pressure from their movement and denounced liberals blaming weakness and their lack of patriotism as the reasons why so many men were lost fighting

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3
Q

Why did the Libyan War destroy Giolittiā€™s cooperation with the PSI?

A

The PSI opposed war as imperialist militarism and radical socialists expelled members who had supported the war such as Bissolati

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4
Q

What did the revolutionary wing of the PSI do after the Libyan war?

A

Seized control and rejected further cooperation with Giolitti and isolated moderate members of the PSI

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5
Q

Who was appointed editor of the socialist newspaper Avanti!?

A

Benito Mussolini

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6
Q

What did the socialist newspaper Avanti! focus on?

A

The corrupt liberal order and Militarists who had murdered workers in Libya and Italy.

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7
Q

How did Giolittiā€™s attempt at absorbing the socialists into the liberal state end?

A

In failure

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8
Q

Who was the vote restricted to before 1911?

A

Literate men over the age of 21

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9
Q

Why did Giolitti change suffrage?

A

It was difficult to deny the vote to Italyā€™s conscript soldiers who were fighting in Libya, many of them who were not literate enough

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10
Q

What did the new law passed in 1912 change in regards to suffrage?

A

The vote was extended to all men who had completed military service and all men over 30, regardless of literacy

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11
Q

What percentage of voters were potentially illiterate in 1912?

A

70%

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12
Q

What did Giolitti hope that increased suffrage would promote?

A

Greater national unity, Increase the popularity of the liberals and strengthen the vote in rural areas (tended to be more conservative), undermine the PSI

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13
Q

Why did Giolitti hope increased suffrage would undermine the PSI?

A

with greater electoral representation, the working class would be less inclined to support more radical ideologies

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14
Q

[Gap fill] The first elections under new suffrage took place in ____ and demonstrated the overall ______ of Giolittiā€™s ______.

A

The first elections under new suffrage took place in 1913 and demonstrated the overall failure of Giolittiā€™s strategy.

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15
Q

How many seats did Liberal deputies win in the 1913 elections?

A

318 seats, a loss of 71 since the 1909 election

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16
Q

What did the president of the Catholic Electoral Union, Count Gentiloni, secretly ask liberal candidates?

A

To agree to seven key points (mainly on RS and divorce) in return for the Catholic vote. After he boasted that 228/318 owed victory to Catholic support

17
Q

What did socialists and anticlerical liberals do in the spring of 1914?

A

Withdrew support for Giolitti due to his concessions to the CC.

18
Q

Giolittiā€™s resignation

A

Resigned in spring of 1914 as socialists and anticlerical liberals withdrew support for him

19
Q

Who replaced Giolitti?

A

Antonio Salandra

20
Q

What did Salandra believe?

A

He could revive liberalism by linking it more closely with nationalism

21
Q

Why was Italy in turmoil again in June 1914?

A

PSI proclaimed national strike after three protestors were shot dead by police in Ancona. Anarchists, Republicans and other radicals joined in. For a week, north and central Italy was in chaos - Red week

22
Q

What happened in Red Week?

A

Public buildings torched, tax registers destroyed, railway stations seized and churches attacked in Northern and central Italy. Hundreds of workers lost their lives. Italy on the verge of revolution

23
Q

How did Red Week end?

A

After trade unions agreed to call off strike. The riots demonstrated to Salandra the difficulty of achieving national unity.

24
Q

What happened in August 1914?

A

War broke out in Europe, pitting central powers, Germany and Austria against the entente of Russia, Britian and France.

25
Q

Why did Italy not have to join Austria in WWI?

A

It had not consulted with Italyā€™s government before declaring war on Serbia so treaty obligations did not apply

26
Q

What alliance was Italy in in WWI?

A

Triple Alliance

27
Q

What divides did Italyā€™s declaration of neutrality cause?

A

Splits in politics as many believed Italy wasnā€™t economically ready

28
Q

What did nationalists push for in regards to WWI?

A

intervention