Liberal Reforms 1

Question 1

Intro

Answer 1

• reword question
• Britain = divided - rich/poor
• Liberal Party - laissez faire
• factors
• LOA

Question 2

New Liberalism

(2 facts, 1 positive, 2 negative)

Answer 2

• introduce factor
• HCB PM - Old Liberal - laissez faire
• 1908 - HA PM, DLG, WC = New Liberals - gov intervention to help poverty
  + in prominent/powerful positions -> push reforms through -> set agenda - brought reform to forefront of politics -> reform being discussed/voted on
  _ New vs Old - party divided
  _ pushing reforms could be dangerous
  E. fewer New Libs in prominent positions

Question 3

National Security

(1 fact, 1 positive, 2 negative)

Answer 3

• introduce factor
• Boer War 1899-1901 - Britain trying to retain land in South Africa from Dutch farmers
  + gov pushed into reforms as realised poverty affected fitness - couldn’t utilise population - not enough fit soldiers
  _ demonstrated clear class divisions - took a war to figure it out
  _ reforms would take years to demonstrate a benefit
  E. 25% of volunteers = unfit to fight

Question 4

Booth & Rowntree

(6 facts, 2 positive, 2 negative)

Answer 4

• introduce factor
• Booth investigated East End for 17 years
• didn’t believe that 25% of London = in poverty ( actually 35%)
• Rowntree researched in York
• found 30% of York = in extreme poverty
• defined primary/secondary poverty
• defined poverty line
  + became bestsellers - put pressure on gov for reforms
  + realisation of extent of poverty
  _ a lot of ppl = illiterate
  _ only 2 sources of evidence - could be argued poverty wasn’t everywhere
  E. demonstrated when ppl = most susceptible

Question 5

Party Advantage & Rise of Labour

(2 facts, 2 positive, 1 negative)

Answer 5

• introduce factor
• formed 1900 - ready to campaign by 1903
• formed by W/C trade unions - representing the working man
  + put pressure on Lib gov to put welfare reforms into place to stop W/C votes going to Labour
  + scared of losing votes to Labour
  _ 1905 Lib manifesto - no mention of reform - Free Trade
  E. W/C men got vote in 1884

Question 6

Municipal Socialism

(4 facts, 2 positive, 3 negative)

Answer 6

• introduce factor
• local gov/councils redistribute wealth to help poor
• Glasgow - housing improvements - Loch Katrine - clean water
• Birmingham - paved, parked, gas and water
• Joseph Chamberlain
  + demonstrated reforms could be done successfully on a small scale
  + example gov could follow
  _ isolated examples - not large scale - gov could ignore
  _ wealthy = not keen
  _ most gov = wealthy
  E. reforms paid for by local taxes

Question 7

Mnemonic

Answer 7

Bringing Socialists Like Booth to Secure Labour

Socialism
Liberalism
Booth & Rowntree
Security
Labour