Liberal Human Nature

Question 1

What are three way in which liberals agree on Human Nature?

Answer 1

• Both support the idea of rationalism as reason could put an end to ideas of the supernatural and ignorance which would liberate individuals from ideas that restrict their freedom
• They both believe that humans are capable of personal self-development (JS Mill) and can improve themselves through education, self-development and self-realisation. This allows liberal society to flourish more easily
• They both believe in the idea that humans are unique but equal and so it is essential that society should be constructed in a way that allows individuals to attain their full potential whatever that may be for them

Question 2

What are three ways in which Liberals disagree on Human Nature?

Answer 2

• Classical see humans as egotistical individuals, unwilling to help others utilitarianism saw this self-interest as the rational pursuit of happiness. Whereas, Modern liberals see individuals as Humans are altruistic beings capable of showing generosity and helping others
• Classical Liberals have an atomistic view of individuals. people should be self-reliant and self-sufficient (Social Darwinism). Modern Liberals shifted individualism to individuality – life is more than pursuing selfish pleasures. Believe in self-development, autonomy and self-realisation to attain their true potential in life. Also help e.g Welfare state
• Classical liberals claim we are all equal at birth without acknowledging that not every person is granted equality at birth. Modern liberals do a better job of acknowledging elements such as social class prevent this picturesque ideal of equality