Liability - Arson 267(2)(b) - Obtain benefit or cause loss Flashcards
Section and Penalty
Sec 267 (2) (b) CA61
7 Years Imp
Ingredients for Sec 267(2)(b)
Intentionally
OR
Recklessly
Damages by Fire
OR
Damages by means of explosive
Any Property (Other than property listed in subsection 1)
With Intent to Obtain any Benefit
OR
Cause Loss to any Person
Intentionally
In a criminal law context there are two specific types of intention in an offence. Firstly there must be an intention to commit the act and secondly, an intention to get a specific result.
Recklessly
R v Harney
R v Harney
Reckless means the conscious and deliberate taking of an unjustified risk. In NZ it involves proof that the consequence complained of could well happen together with an intention to continue the course of conduct regardless of risk.
Damages by Fire
Although fire damage will often involve burning or charring, it is not necessary that the property is actually set alight; melting, blistering of paint or significant smoke damage may be sufficient.
R v Archer
Property may be damaged if it suffers permanent or temporary physical harm or permanent or temporary impairment of its use or value.
Explosive
Sec. 2 Arms Act 1983
Any substance or mixture or combination of substances which in its normal state is capable either of decomposition at such rapid rate as to result in an explosion or of producing a pyrotechnic effect,Includes: gun powder, gelignite, detonators
Does Not Include: Firearms, fireworks
Property
Sec 2 Crimes Act 1961
Property includes any real and personal property and any estate or interest in any real or personal property, money, electricity and any debt and any thing in action and any other right or interest
With Intent to Obtain any Benefit
Obtain
Means to obtain or retain for himself, herself or any other person
Benefit (S267(4) CA61)
Any benefit, pecuniary advantage, valuable consideration, property, service or privilege
Cause Loss to Any Person
R v Morley
R v Morley
Loss is assessed by the extent to which the complainants position prior to the offence has been diminished or impaired
Person
Gender neutral. Proven by judicial notice or circumstantial evidence.
Under this section person includes organisations and companies