LFTS Flashcards
What does ALT stand for?
Alanine aminotransferase
What does AST stand for?
Asparate aminotransferase
What does ALP stand for?
Akaline Phosphatase
What does GGT stand for?
Gamma Glutamyl transferase (gamma GT)
What are the 6 common things tested in a liver function test?
ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, Bilirubin, Albumin
If your ALT or AST are raised, what 6 pathologies is this suggestive of?
- Liver damage/disease
- Biliary disease
- Alcohol
- Muscle damage
- MI
- Pancreatitis
If your ALP is raised, what 5 pathologies is this suggestive of?
- Biliary disease/damage
- Liver disease
- Alcohol
- Bone disease (pagets)
- Pregnancy
If your GGT is raised, what 2 pathologies is this suggestive of?
- Biliary or liver disease
* Alcohol
If your Bilirubin is raised, what 2 pathologies is this suggestive of?
- Jaundice
* Giberts syndrome
If your Albumin is raised, what kind of pathology is this suggestive of?
• Dehydration
If your Albumin is low, what 4 pathologies is this suggestive of?
- Inflammation
- Cirrhosis
- Malnutrition
- Pregnancy
If your ALT or AST is low, what kind of pathology is this suggestive of?
•Possibly decreased vitamin B6
If a patient presents with clinical features of liver disease yet returns a normal LFT test, what should not be discounted?
Liver disease. Normal LFTS do not discount this.
Raised AST and ALT indicate what kind of disease?
Hepatocelular disease
Raised ALP and GGT indicate what kind of disease?
Cholestatic diseadse
In results that have AST and ALT that are moderately raised to approx. 5 times normal lvls, what are 5 pathologies that spring to mind?
- Chronic Hep B + C
- Autonimmune Hepatitis
- Heamochromatosis
- Alcoholic hepattis
- Fatty liver disease
In results that have AST and ALT that are extremely raised approx. 10 times normal lvls, what are 4 pathologies that spring to mind?
- Acute Hep A, B, E
- Toxic drugs/fungi
- Ischaemic Hepatitis
- Sever acute autoimmune
In results that have ALP and GGT that are extra-hepatic in origin what are 5 pathologies that spring to mind?
- Stones
- Ca. pancreas/bile duct
- Biliary stricture
- Sclerosing cholangitis
- Pancreatitis
In results that have ALP and GGT that are intra-hepatic in origin what are 6 pathologies that spring to mind?
- Viral
- Alcoholic hepatitis
- Cirrhosis
- Primary biliary cirrhosis
- Pregnancy
- Drugs
What can a raised ALP alone signify?
infiltration such as metastasis or cirrhosis
What is cholestasis?
Impaired hepatic excretion
What is an obstructive cholestatic LFT picture?
- ALP in the 1000’s
- ALT/ASt mildly elevated
- ↑ Bilirubin
What is an chronic hepatic picture LFT picture?
- ALT/AST in the 100’s
* ↓ Bilirubin
What is an acute hepatic picture LFT picture?
- ALT/AST in the 1000’s
* ALP mildly raised
What diseases are associated with Cholestasis?
- Primary biliary cirrohsis → Autoimmune destruction of the common bile duct
- Primary sclerosing cholangitis → common and hepatic bile ducts shrink due to infection and scarring
- Drugs → Flucloxacilin, Fusic acid, co-amoxiclav, nitrofurantoin, steroids, Prochlorperazine, Chlorpromazine, Sulfonylureas
- Gallstones
- CA. pancreas, cholangiocarcinoma
- Mirzzis → Cystic duct stopne impaction causing common bile duct obstruction.
