LFT Flashcards
Low albumin
Can be a sign of malnutrition (Crohn’s/UC, coeliac). Kidney disease, liver disease (hepatitis, cirrhosis).
High Albumin
Severe infections/dehydration, chronic inflammatory diseases, hepatitis.
What are globulins
Total proteins.
High bilirubin
High conjugated = liver/bile duct disease.
- High unconjugated = Gilbert’s or haemolytic anaemia.
What causes an increase in liver enzymes
Chronic high alcohol excess.
- Obesity (especially in men).
- Smoking (in women).
- Drug reaction.
Raised ALP
Bile duct obstruction stimulates ALP synthesis;
o Increase in obstructive liver disease.
o Non-hepatic origin like increased osteoblastic activity in Paget’s,
osteomalacia, vitamin D deficiency.
Raised GGT
increased in disease markers of drugs/alcohol (increases)
Raised AST and ALT
Liver disease markers of drugs, toxins, viral (increases).
Raised GGT and ALP
Biliary problems
Raised AST and ALP
Hepatic Problems
GGT + ALP risen > AST + ALT –
Obstructive jaundice.
PC checkup
How are they feeling?
- Any recent illnesses/infections?
PMH checkup
Gallstones in the past.
- Crohn’s/UC.
- Surgery in past if malabsorption may have had some bowel removed.
DHx checkup
How well do you think your condition is being controlled?
- What medications do you take? How often?
- Any issues taking your medication?
- Do you take any other medications.
SHx checkup
Recent travel anywhere?
- Smoking?
- Alcohol?
- Recreational drugs/toxins?
- Diet.
- Impact of condition on life.
