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CELL BIOLOGY > LFS100 Quiz 1 > Flashcards

LFS100 Quiz 1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards
1
Q

Which of the following would be most appropriate method to observe and measure the size of ribosomes in a eukaryotic cell?

A

transmission electron microscopy

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2
Q

Which organelle helps to recycle the cell’s organic material including damaged organelles?

A

lysosome

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3
Q

Choose the statement that correctly characterizes bound ribosomes.

A

Bound ribosomes generally synthesize membrane proteins and secretory proteins.

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4
Q

All of the following structures and proteins are directly associated with movement in cells or by cells EXCEPT

A

centrosomes.

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5
Q

According to the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes, which of the following is a true statement about membrane phospholipids?

A

They can move laterally along the plane of the membrane.

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6
Q

The solutions in the arms of a U-tube are separated at the bottom of the tube by a selectively permeable membrane. The membrane is permeable to sodium chloride but not to glucose. Side A is filled with a solution of 0.4 M glucose and 0.5 M sodium chloride (NaCl), and side B is filled with a solution containing 0.8 M glucose and 0.4 M sodium chloride. Initially, the volume in both arms is the same. If you examine side A after 3 days, you should find

A

a decrease in the concentration of NaCl and a decrease in the water level.

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7
Q

The sodium-potassium pump in animal cells requires cytoplasmic ATP to pump ions across the plasma membrane. When the proteins of the pump are first synthesised in the rough ER, what side of the ER membrane will the ATP binding site be on?

A

It will be on the cytoplasmic side (outside) of the ER.

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8
Q

According to the first law of thermodynamics,

A

energy can be neither created nor destroyed.

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9
Q

Whenever energy is transformed, there is always an increase in the

A

entropy of the universe.

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10
Q

The nucleoid region is a feature of prokaryotic cells.

A

True

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11
Q

Which of the following organelles produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted?

A

Golgi apparatus

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12
Q

A cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from

A

a plant or an animal.

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13
Q

Which of the following relationships between cell structures and their respective functions is NOT correct?

A

cell wall: support, protection

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14
Q

The photosystems of cyanobacteria are embedded in plasma membranes and, in some cases, in internal membranes derived from the plasma membrane. Where would one expect to find the homologous photosystems in green plant cells?

A

inner membranes of chloroplasts

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15
Q

Which of the following is a reasonable explanation for why unsaturated fatty acids help keep any membrane more fluid at lower temperatures?

A

The double bonds form a kink in the fatty acid tail, forcing adjacent lipids to be further apart.

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16
Q

Which of the following statements is CORRECT about diffusion?

A

It is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.

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17
Q

The movement of potassium into an animal cell requires

A

an energy source such as ATP or a proton gradient.

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18
Q

Oxygen crosses a plasma membrane by

A

passive transport.

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19
Q

Which term most precisely describes the cellular process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones?

A

catabolism

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20
Q

What term is used to describe the transfer of free energy from catabolic pathways to anabolic pathways?

A

energy coupling

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21
Q

Why is glycolysis considered to be one of the first metabolic pathways to have evolved?

A

It is found in the cytosol, does not involve oxygen, and is present in most organisms.

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22
Q

Which of the following macromolecules enter the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell through pores in the nuclear membrane?

A

ribosomal proteins

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23
Q

Which of the following organelles is NOT a common destination for small vesicles that bud off the Golgi apparatus?

A

endoplasmic reticulum

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24
Q

Which of the following is NOT a known function of the cytoskeleton?

A

to maintain a critical limit on cell size

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25
Q 
Which two structures play direct roles in permitting bacteria to adhere to each other, or to other surfaces?
1 capsules
2 endospores
3 fimbriae
4 plasmids
5 flagella
A

1 and 3

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26
Q

What membrane-surface molecules are thought to be most important as cells recognize each other?

A

glycoproteins

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27
Q

Which of the following statements is CORRECT about diffusion?

A

It is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.

28
Q

The solutions in the arms of a U-tube are separated at the bottom of the tube by a selectively permeable membrane. The membrane is permeable to sodium chloride but not to glucose. Side A is filled with a solution of 0.4 M glucose and 0.5 M sodium chloride (NaCl), and side B is filled with a solution containing 0.8 M glucose and 0.4 M sodium chloride. Initially, the volume in both arms is the same. If you examine side A after 3 days, you should find

A

a decrease in the concentration of NaCl and a decrease in the water level.

29
Q

The movement of potassium into an animal cell requires

A

an energy source such as ATP or a proton gradient.

30
Q

Particles taken into a cell by phagocytosis are digested after the vesicle fuses with a

A

lysosome

31
Q

According to the first law of thermodynamics,

A

energy can be neither created nor destroyed.

32
Q

Which of the following reactions is most likely to be coupled to the reaction ATP + H2O → ADP + Pi (ΔG = -7.3 kcal/mol)?

A

E + Pi → EP (ΔG = +5 kcal/mol)

33
Q

The ATP made during glycolysis is generated by

A

substrate-level phosphorylation.

34
Q

Which of the following macromolecules enter the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell through pores in the nuclear membrane?

A

ribosomal proteins

35
Q

Which organelle helps to recycle the cell’s organic material including damaged organelles?

A

lysosome

36
Q

Which of the following is a place where both DNA and ribosomes are UNLIKELY to be found in ANY type of cell?

A

Golgi apparatus

37
Q

All of the following serve an important role in determining or maintaining the structure of plant cells. Which of the following are distinct from the others in terms of composition?

A

plant cell walls

38
Q

Which of the following types of molecules are the major structural components of the cell membrane?

A

phospholipids and proteins

39
Q

The channel protein that allows water to move rapidly across the cell membrane is called an aquaporin.

A

True

40
Q

The movement of a substance across a biological membrane against its concentration gradient with the help of energy input is

A

active transport.

41
Q

All of the following processes take material into cells EXCEPT

A

exocytosis.

42
Q

Which of the following is (are) TRUE for anabolic pathways?

A

They consume energy as they build molecules.

43
Q

Whenever energy is transformed, there is always an increase in the

A

entropy of the universe.

44
Q

When 10,000 molecules of ATP are hydrolysed to ADP and Pi in a test tube, about twice as much heat is liberated as when a cell hydrolyses the same amount of ATP. Which of the following is the best explanation for this observation?

A

Cells convert some of the energy of ATP hydrolysis into other forms of energy besides heat.

45
Q

Which of these statements regarding enzymes is FALSE?

A

Enzymes provide activation energy for the reactions they catalyse.

46
Q

The ATP made during glycolysis is generated by

A

substrate-level phosphorylation.

47
Q

The nucleoid region is a feature of prokaryotic cells.

A

True

48
Q

Which type of organelle is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils, phospholipids, and steroids?

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

49
Q

Prokaryotes have ribosomes different from those of eukaryotes. Because of this, which of the following is TRUE?

A

Some selective antibiotics can block protein synthesis in bacteria without harming the eukaryotic host cells.

50
Q

Which of the following is a reasonable explanation for why unsaturated fatty acids help keep any membrane more fluid at lower temperatures?

A

The double bonds form a kink in the fatty acid tail, forcing adjacent lipids to be further apart.

51
Q

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of a carrier protein in a plasma membrane?

A

It exhibits specificity for a particular type of molecule.

52
Q

What are the membrane structures that function in active transport?

A

integral proteins

53
Q

Which of these statements regarding enzymes is FALSE?

A

Enzymes provide activation energy for the reactions they catalyse.

54
Q

What is the term used for the metabolic pathway in which glucose (C6H12O6) is degraded to carbon dioxide (CO2) and water?

A

cellular respiration

55
Q

Which of the following macromolecules leave the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell through pores in the nuclear membrane?

A

mRNA

56
Q

Which structure below is independent of the endomembrane system?

A

Chloroplast

57
Q

All of the following structures and proteins are directly associated with movement in cells or by cells EXCEPT

A

centrosomes.

58
Q

Prokaryotes have ribosomes different from those of eukaryotes. Because of this, which of the following is TRUE?

A

Some selective antibiotics can block protein synthesis in bacteria without harming the eukaryotic host cells.

59
Q

What is one of the ways that the membranes of winter wheat are able to remain fluid when it is extremely cold?

A

by increasing the percentage of unsaturated phospholipids in the membrane

60
Q

Water passes quickly through cell membranes because

A

it moves through aquaporins in the membrane.

61
Q

The solutions in the arms of a U-tube are separated at the bottom of the tube by a selectively permeable membrane. The membrane is permeable to sodium chloride but not to glucose. Side A is filled with a solution of 0.4 M glucose and 0.5 M sodium chloride (NaCl), and side B is filled with a solution containing 0.8 M glucose and 0.4 M sodium chloride. Initially, the volume in both arms is the same. At the beginning of the experiment

A

side A is hypotonic to side B.

62
Q

The movement of potassium into an animal cell requires

A

an energy source such as ATP or a proton gradient.

63
Q

All of the following processes take material into cells EXCEPT

A

exocytosis.

64
Q

Which of the following is a statement of the first law of thermodynamics?

A

The energy of the universe is a constant.

65
Q

What is the change in free energy of a system at chemical equilibrium?

A

no net change

66
Q

When you have a severe fever, what grave consequence may occur if the fever is not controlled?

A

change in the tertiary structure of your enzymes

67
Q

Where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located?

A

mitochondrial inner membrane

CELL BIOLOGY (3 decks)

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