LF Questions 2024

Question 1

Question 1.
What are the 3 Golden rules to follow when applying foam?

Answer 1

1. Do not apply foam unless you have enough to extinguish the fire or cover the fuel spill.
2. Point branch away from fire until good finished foam is being produced.
3. You cannot mix different foam concentrates.

Question 2

Question 2.
List 3 hazards/considerations when using CAFS at a structure fire.

Answer 2

1. CAFS hose lines have a build-up of pressure when the branch is closed, this causes a larger jet reaction than a standard hose.
2. Slug flow – When the proportion of foam, air and water is wrong. It will cause the finished foam to “shudder” or “pulsate” as it is exiting the branch.
3. Does not contain enough water for internal attack.

Question 3

Question 3.
List 5 actions to take when combatting a natural gas leak with no fire involved.

Answer 3

1. Structural PPE and SCBA.
2. Evacuate all persons from the immediate area.
3. Remove all sources of ignition.
4. Respond Gas company.
5. Only use intrinsically safe equipment.
6. Dampen ground around the site of the gas release to prevent static electricity.
7. Keep protection line in place using fog.
8. If possible, crimp line to stop release of gas.

Question 4

Question 4. 
How many hours after the cylinder is removed from the fire or heat source, if it is not cooled, can this explosion occur?

Answer 4

Up to 24 hours.

Question 5

Question 5.
When reading a fire, we need indicators to base our decisions on, what are the most important indicators?

Answer 5

B - S A H F. Building, Smoke, Air track, Heat, Flame.
Building: The construction style and materials.
Smoke: Colour variation, height, layer and density. Volume and location.
Air Track: inlet openings and outlet openings, ventilation, cause of velocity and turbulence, noise.
Heat: Look for signs of high temp on surfaces.
Flame: Colour is also an indication of heat and air supply.

Question 6

Question 6.
What techniques enable us to control the interior environment during a structure fire?

Answer 6

Gas cooling and hose stream techniques (Short and long pulses)

Question 7

Question 7.
List 2 common hose laying techniques that can be used by firefighters?

Answer 7

• S-Lay * Cleveland load

Question 8

Question 8.
Complete the following in relation to the Fire and Rescue NSW Act 1989 Part 3, Division 1, Section 11 Brigades to proceed with speed to suspected fires or hazardous material incidents………

Answer 8

(1)  When there is an alarm of fire, a fire brigade must, despite anything to the contrary in any Act, proceed with all speed to the fire and try by all possible means to extinguish it and save any lives and property that are in danger.
(2)  When there is a report of a hazardous material incident, a fire brigade must, despite anything to the contrary in any Act—
(a)  proceed with all speed to the site of the incident, and
(b)  try by all possible means to render the site of the incident safe and save any lives and property that are in danger.

Question 9

Question 9. 
Complete the following in relation to the Fire and Rescue NSW Act 1989 Part 3, Division 1, Section 12 of the FRNSW Act, Investigation of reported fires and Hazardous material incident………?

Answer 9

1. The officer in charge may, with or without members of a fire brigade, enter any place—
   a. in respect of which an alarm of fire is raised to ascertain whether there is a fire at the place, or.
   b. in respect of which a report of a hazardous material incident has been made to ascertain whether there is any hazardous material at the place that is, or is about to be, the subject of a hazardous material incident.
2. Reasonable force, whether by breaking down gates or fences or breaking open doors or otherwise, may be used to gain entry.

Question 10

Question 10.
Section 13, of the FRNSW Act states the “General Powers of Officers at fires and hazardous material incidents”. State this provision.  

Answer 10

1. At a fire, the officer in charge—.
   (a)  may take such measures as the officer thinks proper for the protection and saving of life and property and for the control and extinguishing of the fire, and.
   (b)  is to control and direct the operations of any fire brigade.

(1A)  At the site of a hazardous material incident, the officer in charge—.
(a)  may take such measures as the officer thinks proper for the protection and saving of life and property, for confining and ending the incident and for rendering the site safe, and.
(b)  is to control and direct the operations of any fire brigade.

The site is taken to be such area in the vicinity of the incident as is for the time being determined by the officer in charge.
(2)  If the fire is a bush fire (including a grass fire), the officer in charge is, as far as practicable, to carry into effect any plan of operations in force under section 52 of the Rural Fires Act 1997 in relation to the place where the fire occurs.

Question 11

Question 11.
Section 19 of the FRNSW Act lists the powers at fires and hazardous material incidents. State the provisions of this Section: “General power to remove persons or obstacles.”  

Answer 11

The officer in charge at a fire or hazardous material incident may cause to be removed any person, vehicle, vessel or thing the presence of whom or which at or near a fire or hazardous material incident might, in the officer’s opinion, interfere with the work of any fire brigade or the exercise of any of the officer’s functions.

Question 12

Question 12.
At an incident that has been declared a crime scene, a member of the public seeks details from you, the senior firefighter/officer on duty, about the incident. State your response according to the Fire Brigades Regulation (2023) Clause 22, Disclosure of information.  

Answer 12

A Firefighter must not disclose any information obtained in the firefighter’s capacity unless:
* In the exercise of the firefighter’s function
* About actual matters that are generally available to the public
* By an approved firefighter to media representative
* At the direction of the commissioner
* With other lawful reason

Question 13

Question 13.
Section 17 of the Fire Brigades Regulation (2023) refers to unacceptable behaviour. List five circumstances when a firefighter’s behaviour would be deemed unacceptable. 

Answer 13

• Come on or attend duty while under the influence of alcohol or a drug.
• While on duty consume, use or possess any alcohol or drug.
• While on duty gamble in circumstances that adversely affect the discipline or efficiency of FRNSW.
• While on or off duty smoke at a fire or drill, on departmental premises or in a departmental vehicle.
• Smoke or consume alcohol in a public place while in uniform,
• While on or off duty by words or actions behave in a way that is subversive of discipline or calculated to bring discredit on FRNSW.
• Bully, harass, sexually harass, intimidate or threaten a person, or discriminate against a person.
• While off duty, enter or remain on departmental premises without authority.

Question 14

Question 14.
As stated in the Standing Orders, to avoid serious accidents at intersections when responding to an emergency, What actions should drivers of responding vehicles approaching a stop sign or red signal take?  

Answer 14

1. Slow down and enter the intersection at a speed of not more than 8 k/hr Having assessed the traffic conditions, and determined that it is safe to proceed
2. Whenever passing through the stop sign or red light would involve the vehicle in an accident, the driver must come to a halt and not move off again until it is safe to proceed.

Question 15

Question 15.
According to Standing Orders, when are seatbelts required to be worn when travelling in FRNSW vehicles (including tankers)?  

Answer 15

At all times

Question 16

Question 16.
According to Standing Orders, with no impact of the service delivery, List the procedures to be followed if drivers of FRNSW vehicles are involved in an accident.

Answer 16

1. Advise the other driver to contact Fire and Rescue NSW’s Fleet Unit in the first instance to obtain the relevant claim number and contact details for Fire and Rescue NSW’s insurer.
2. Drivers of Fire and Rescue NSW vehicles involved in accidents are to be suspended from driving for the balance of the shift on duty unless the exigencies of the service dictate to the contrary.
3. Station Commanders and supervisors must complete an Agency member motor vehicle claim form for all accidents involving Fire and Rescue NSW vehicles, including fire appliances, If the accident involved an injury, illness, exposure or near miss, a Notification of injury, illness, exposure or near miss form must also be submitted.

Question 17

Question 17.
Fire Brigades Regulation, Part 3, Section 14: Firefighters to acquire and maintain knowledge of legislation, orders, and functions. List the provisions.

Answer 17

1. A firefighter must acquire and maintain a thorough knowledge of, and must comply with the requirements of, the Act, this Regulation and the Commissioner’s Orders.
2. A firefighter must acquire and maintain the knowledge and skills that are relevant to the performance of the firefighter’s functions.

Question 18

Question 18.
The National Construction Code classes buildings “Class 1” through to “Class 10”. The class of building is a measure of the buildings likely:  List these four points.

Answer 18

• Use
• fire load
• population
• Mobility of the occupants.

Question 19

Question 19.
According to the Fire Investigation toolkit on the Intranet, when should you request FIRU for assistance?

Answer 19

1.There has been a loss of life at a fire, or a person is not expected to live from their injuries
2. The fire is considered major (i.e. 4th Alarm or above, significant community impact or unusual fire behaviour)
3. The Origin and Cause of the fire cannot be determined.

Question 20

Question 20.
What form populated by firefighters gives the Fire Investigator a summary of firefighter actions at an incident?

Answer 20

Summary of observations and Firefighter Actions. SOFA

Question 21

Question 21.
STP - Details how a structure fire will burn within one of two burning regimes. List and describe the regimes. 

Answer 21

1. Fuel Controlled- Fires with more than enough air for combustion and are dictated by the amount of fuel are said to be Fuel Controlled.
2. Ventilation controlled- fire growth (and HRR) is limited by the available air (O2) supply.

Question 22

Question 22.
STP - Identifies the search priority in multi storey buildings, list the priorities.

Answer 22

1. The fire floor
2. The floor above
3. The top floor.

Question 23

Question 23.
STP - Outlines when a working at a task/tactical level and a firefighter becomes trapped, injured missing or overdue. What message should be sent to draw attention to the situation? 

Answer 23

Mayday message: Mayday, Mayday, Mayday followed by CAN report

Question 24

Question 24
When is an Incident Management System required to be used at incidents FRNSW attends?

Answer 24

Required at every incident FRNSW attends.

Question 25

Question 25.
There are eight strategic functions of command the Incident Commander needs to address. List all eight. 

Answer 25

1. Deployment:
2. Command:
3. Situation evaluation:
4. Incident action planning:
5. Incident communications:
6. Incident structure.
7. Review and revision:
8. Escalation and de-escalation:

Question 26

 Question 26.
At every incident there must be a steady, adequate, and timely stream of resources.  Who is the only person to deploy resources at an incident? 

Answer 26

The IC

Question 27

Question 27.
List the Smoke Management Systems found in road tunnels that could assist in clearing the smoke?

Answer 27

1. longitudinal ventilation.
2. ducted ventilation.
3. natural ventilation.
4. a combination of the above.

Question 28

Question 28.
As an incident develops and crews become fatigued, they will need to be rested. Name and describe the two ways crews can be rested.

Answer 28

1. Recycle. – Crew stops work for a short period just outside the Hot Zone, to rest, rehydrate, and replenish air cylinders if relevant. They remain accountable to IC or SGD Commander, as per the incident structure.
2. Full rehabilitation. – Crew is released and moves to the rehabilitation area. Once there, they are accountable to a Rehabilitation Officer.

Question 29

Question 29.
List and describe the three incident phases. 

Answer 29

• Life at risk phase – where there are saveable human lives. The incident is uncontrolled and requires rapid actions to control the risks to life.
• Expanding phase – where the incident is uncontrolled and likely to expand. It requires rapid actions to control risks to life and property.
• Contained phase – there are sufficient resources to contain the incident within the defined area. There is no life at risk, or life or property have already been lost.

Question 30

Question 30.
who are the people authorised to ride on FRNSW appliances

Answer 30

1. firefighters in the course of their duty;
2. employees of Fire and Rescue NSW whose duty requires their attendance at an emergency;
3. members of other emergency services at the discretion of the member in charge; or
4. other persons authorised by the Commissioner.

Question 31

Question 32.
List and describe three ways foam controls and extinguishes fire.

Answer 31

Excluding the fire’s supply of oxygen (smothering).
Suppressing flammable vapours to stop them from igniting.
Cooling the surface temperature to prevent re-ignition.

Question 32

Question 33.
What are the characteristics of liquid petroleum gas?

Answer 32

1. Odourless.
2. Colourless.
3. Heavier than air.

Question 33

Question 34.
What is the term used when a liquid within a container reaches a temperature well above its boiling temperature, boils, expands and the container fails sending flammable gas outwards where it ignites.

Answer 33

BLEVE (Boiling liquid expanding vapour explosion)

Question 34

Question 35.
What can be used to conduct a thermal check of an acetylene cylinder.

Answer 34

Use a thermal imaging camera to conduct the thermal check every 15
minutes for 1 hour and record the results. Alternatively Infra-red Thermometer or wetting test

Question 35

Question 36.
Expand the Acronym – SISIAC MR

Answer 35

S Safe approach
I Incident control
S Scene security
I Identify hazardous materials
A Assess potential harm and minimise environmental contamination
C Call in resources
M Monitor information
R Render safe and decontaminate

Question 36

Question 37.
What is the most suitable extinguishing agent for rubber fires?

Answer 36

Water

Question 37

Question 38.
There are several stages of Lithium-Ion battery failure, list and describe the stages.

Answer 37

Stage 1: Abuse Factor; thermal, electrical or mechanical abuse.
Stage 2: Off-gas generation; occurs regardless of cell form-factor.
Stage 3: Smoke generation; catastrophic failure is imminent.
Stage 4: Fire generation; likelihood of propagation drastically increases.

Question 38

Question 39.
What should you complete when a work-related injury, near miss, exposure or illness occurs and in what timeframe after the occurrence should it be submitted?

Answer 38

A NIIENM form should be submitted within 24 hours of occurrence.

Question 39

Question 40.
If you are unable to submit or fill out a NIIENM who else can submit one for you?

Answer 39

Your Supervisor or co-worker can submit it on their behalf.

Question 40

Question 41.
In New South Wales, Emergency Services carry out land-based rescues under what Act

Answer 40

State Emergency and Rescue Management Act 1989 No 165

Question 41

Question 42.
As stated in the SERM Act,1989 who is responsible for coordinating rescue operations and for determining the priorities of action to be taken in rescue operations?

Answer 41

The NSW Police Force

Question 42

Question 43.
FRNSW uses the YOU principle to establish priorities of safety at a rescue incident. What are these priorities of safety?

Answer 42

1. Yourself. (and other rescuers)
2. Others. (bystanders)
3. Unfortunates. (the casualty/victim)

Question 43

Question 43.
FRNSW uses the YOU principle to establish priorities of safety at a rescue incident. What are these priorities of safety?

Answer 43

1. Yourself.
2. Others.
3. Unfortunates.

Question 44

Question 44.
What is the correct PPC and procedure for fire protection at an
MVA?

Answer 44

• One firefighter to wear full structural turnout PPC and SCBA
• A manned line of 38mm hose charged to 400kPa, pump with recirculation valve open.
• If a fire occurs, charge the pump to achieve 700kpa at the branch.
  If the fire occurs, the rescuer will back away, allowing the firefighter to provide fire protection between the patient in the fire, thus protecting the patient and allowing the fire to be extinguished.

Question 45

Question 45.
According to STP - What environments should SCBA be worn in?

Answer 45

HOTS.
1. Heated or extremely low temperatures.
2. Oxygen deficient or enriched environment.
3. Toxic atmospheres.
4. Smoke.

Question 46

Question 46.
Owners and occupiers of premises can deposit keys at their nearest fire station so that firefighters can gain access without causing unnecessary damage. Located in the Forms filing cabinet on the intranet, name the two forms that need to be completed when receiving keys to private premises.

Answer 46

1. Keys deposit – station commander.
2. Keys to private premises – applicant.

Question 47

Question 47.
As stated in the Health, Fitness and Wellbeing Toolkit- What is it a mandatory requirement to complete prior to undertaking the annual Fitness Drill?

Answer 47

Complete a Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PARQ).

Question 48

Question 48.
According to Operations Bulletin 2020-04 - Failure to report damage. When an appliance is found to have unreported damage, the Fleet Operations Officer or Regional Maintenance Officer will notify the Station, Duty, and Zone Commander in writing. The responsible station must submit what form within 8 days?

Answer 48

Agency Member Motor Vehicle Claim Form

Question 49

Question 49.
According to the Fire ePermit policy, a fire permit issued within the ‘Bush Fire Danger’ period will be valid for a period of how many days from the date of issue?

Answer 49

 For a period of 7 days.

Question 50

Question 50.
According to the Fire ePermit policy, what aspect of the planned fire does the permit take into account.

Answer 50

A fire permit takes into account only the safety aspect of the planned fire. It imposes conditions on the way a fire is lit and maintained.

Question 51

Question 51.
Where should Warden Intercom Points be in a building?

Answer 51

• At Emergency Intercom Control and Indicating Equipment EICIE
• Within 4 m of exit within each emergency zone
• Within 4 m of exit on each storey
• Within emergency lift shafts
• Adjacent to Fire Detection Control and Indicating Equipment if remote from EICIE

Question 52

Question 52.
Name the components in an AS 2118.1 sprinkler alarm valve room.

Answer 52

(1) Main stop valve
(2) Test drain
(3) Sprinkler test facility
(4) Sprinkler alarm valve
(5) System pressure gauge
(6) Deluge valve
(7) Water supply with water supply pressure gauge

Question 53

Question 53.
There are two control measures when dealing with live power at an incident. List and describe them.

Answer 53

1. Turn off: Fire fighters can turn off the power at switchboard wearing electrical and over gloves. having visor down and looking away when switching.
   Isolate: have electrical authority isolate power from the grid

Question 54

Question 54.
Firefighters can ‘turn off’ a solar power system to stop electricity feeding into the structure’s circuits or back to the electricity network if configured to do so. State the recommended procedure.

Answer 54

1. On-site consultation: determine whether it is appropriate to turn solar power system off and how best to do so.
2. Assume switchboard is live: Don electrical safety gloves then over-gloves. Have your helmet visor down and look away (when switching).
3. Follow the shutdown procedure: This may be on or near the switchboard or inverter. If not found, turn off the inverter main switch then turn off the solar panel main switch.
4. Consider if benefits outweigh risks:
   Restrict work as far as reasonably practical to that required to protect life or prevent dangerous expansion of the incident.
5. Isolate the power: If required, have the owner/occupier contact their electrician to isolate the power.

Question 55

Question 55.
When a battery energy storage system is present at a residence, there should be an indicator to alert you to this. What is an example of an indicator, located outside the switchboard.

Answer 55

Energy storage sticker, E S sticker.

Question 56

Question 56.
Operations Bulletin 2023-01- Lists operational actions to follow when dealing with Lithium-ion battery failure in small devices. List these actions.

Answer 56

1. Use caution when approaching the device as thermal runaway and vapour release may occur without warning.
2. If the device is connected to mains electricity (eg charging) ensure that electricity is switched off prior to applying water.
3. Knock-down any fire using copious amounts of water.
4. Cool the battery with a cooling stream of water.
5. Submerge the device in a suitable container of water if safe to do so. Use a tool such as a long-handled shovel to move the device.
6. If unable to submerge the device, continue cooling and conduct thermal checks every 15 minutes until ambient temperature is maintained for 60 minutes. Note: an increasing temperature is an indication that a thermal runaway event is occurring.
7. Ensure that all cells are accounted for by searching the area around the device. Failure to account for all cells may lead to a secondary fire event. Notify Fire COM that the incident involves a lithium-ion device. Fire COM will send a notification to FIRU.

Question 57

Question 57.
If solar panels, or the attached isolators, are on fire, in addition to the considerations with turning off an alternative power source what actions should firefighters take?

Answer 57

• Conduct firefighting from the ground or an aerial appliance. Do not get onto the roof to extinguish the fire. Do not put a ladder against the roof as the gutter may be electrified.
• Extinguish the fire with a spray nozzle, using a pulse spray in a dispersed pattern
• If the solar panel is at ground level, consider using CO2 to extinguish the fire, ensuring that there is at least 250 mm air gap between the CO2 extinguisher nozzle and any electrified components.
• NSW Fair Trading notification form to be completed at completion of incident.

Question 58

Question 59.
Overhaul is a procedure we follow after we attend an incident and extinguish the fire. For your safety during overhaul what is it essential for you to do?

Answer 58

• Wear SCBA and a full set of firefighting clothing
  * Perform atmospheric monitoring using a gas detector.
• Keep charged hose lines available for extinguishment of hidden fires

Question 59

Question 60.
What is the minimum PPE that can be worn at a bush fire?

Answer 59

1. Fire fighter boots.
2. Duty wear trousers.
3. Multi-purpose jacket.
4. Multi-purpose helmet.
5. Goggles.
6. G P gloves.
7. Fire fighter gloves - direct attack.
8. P2.

Question 60

Question 61.
Property protection is the act of protecting property from the impact of a wildfire. At a major wildfire, FRNSW crews generally engage in property protection roles. We generally have 3 strategies for carrying out property protection. Name and describe them.

Answer 60

Line defence: used when conditions would normally allow an offensive attack but there are not enough units to mount an offensive attack in time. It involves preventing the approaching line of fire from closely approaching the property.

Ember defence; used when the approaching line of fire is too intense to be suppressed by offensive means and is producing significant ember attack. It involves extinguishing small fires that occur in and around buildings, when and as they occur. Firefighters operate from safe positions behind suitable shielding from the main fire front and pull back to safer refuge if needed.

Backstop defence; used when there is no safe defensible space around buildings and/or the approaching fire is so intense that firefighters cannot safely protect the buildings during the impact of the fire. Firefighters withdraw temporarily a short distance away to a suitable safe refuge, with the intention of coming back after the fire front passes. After the main fire front subsides, they move forward to put out the property on fire.

Question 61

Question 62.
Operations Bulletin 2023-01- Lists the hazards and risks at incidents involving Lithium-ion batteries in small devices. List all as stated in the bulletin.

Answer 61

1. Thermal runaway.
2. Extreme fire behaviour
3. Release of toxic vapour and gases
4. Hazardous materials and leaked electrolytes
5. Stranded energy
6. Projectiles.
7. Secondary ignition

Question 62

Question 63.
When conducting ventilation using a fan, what is the most effective inlet/outlet ratio?

Answer 62

1:4

Question 63

Question 64.
When an LPG container is involved in fire, what area of the container is considered most crucial and a high priority area for cooling?

Answer 63

The containers vapour space

Question 64

Question 65.
When conducting ventilation with a fan, the fan should be set back approximately how far from the door.

Answer 64

The fan should be set back approximately the height of the door approx. 2m.

Question 65

Question 66.
According to Work Instruction- “Bagging contaminated gear” What equipment is required for bagging contaminated gear (not PPC) at an incident to minimise the risk presented by hazardous contaminants during storage or transport?

Answer 65

1. The appropriate bag for the type of contaminant: − Asbestos containment bags where asbestos is a suspected contaminant. − Yellow clinical waste bags for waste produced from providing first aid. − Clear contaminated gear bags for other contaminants, including smoke.
2. Cable ties or strong tape to seal the bags.
3. A contaminated equipment tag to attach to the bag with relevant details.

Question 66

Question 67.
You are responded to a bushfire with four Fire Rescue NSW pumpers two RFS tankers and one inspector, according to SOGs what class is the fire?

Answer 66

Class 1. A fire under the control of the responsible fire authority, whether or not incidental/low level assistance is provided by other agencies.

Question 67

Question 68.
Electrical transformers in high density areas of cities maybe situated in underground vaults, if a fire occurs in one of these vaults, CO2 can be injected via a wall mounted or footpath CO2 connection box. What does the number on the connection box indicate

Answer 67

The number of CO2 cylinders required to be injected is indicated on the connection box.

Question 68

Question 69.
What factors affect voltage gradient at wires down?

Answer 68

1. Composition of the ground
2. Moisture content.
3. Voltage of the electrical source.

Question 69

Question 70.
Conductors allow electricity to easily pass through them. List five conductors.

Answer 69

1. Metals
2. Human bodies
3. Water – including hoselines
4. Wet or dirty rope
5. Flame and dense smoke

Question 70

Question 71.
Name four measures to control the risks associated with electricity

Answer 70

1. Stay away from the hazard. Always regard it as live until you know otherwise..
2. Assess the risks from at least 8 metres away from the hazard..
3. If suspected to be electrically hazardous, establish an Exclusion Zone.
4. Have the electricity company isolate power.

Question 71

Question 72.
State the inventory stored in the green canvas bag of the electrical safety kit.

Answer 71

1. 1 pair insulated gloves
2. 1 pair leather gloves
3. 2 non contact a c voltage detectors. Either modiewark rescue or G L M mini rescue

Question 72

Question 73.
When using the gloves from the electrical safety kit, what is the correct donning sequence?

Answer 72

1. Put on electrical gloves first.
2. Put over-gloves on over the electrical gloves to protect the electrical glove from damage.
3. The cuff of the electrical glove must extend beyond the cuff of the over-glove.
4. The cuff of the electrical glove must be above the cuffs and sleeves of your PPC.

Question 73

Question 74.
FRNSW has an interagency notification policy, list the reasons NSW Police are required to be notified.

Answer 73

1. Possible terrorist incident.
2. Crime investigation.
3. Site, crowd, traffic and evacuation management.
4. Rescue incidents.

Question 74

Question 75.
You are responded to fire in a Correctional facility, centre or complex operated by government agencies or private contractors. As stated in FRNSW SOGs on arrival what actions should be taken?

Answer 74

1. Identify and liaise with the Emergency Coordinator.
2. While waiting to enter, start developing the I A P by accessing information – PIPs, SOGs, and utilities.
3. Where entry to the facility is delayed, notify Fire Com, nominate a staging area and advise Fire COM to inform responding resources. Remain in the staging area until met by the Emergency Coordinator.
4. Always remain outside facility on standby if it is unsafe to enter.
5. At the main entry, access the Red Fire Emergency Plan Box containing the FRNSW PIPs, SDSs (Safety Data Sheets), site plans, and LEPs (Local Emergency Plans) and brief crew about the facility.
6. Prepare the appliance and secure equipment before entering the facility. List all equipment to be taken in.

Question 75

Question 76.
What is the definition of workplace bullying?

Answer 75

Workplace bullying is repeated and unreasonable behaviour directed towards a worker or a group of workers that creates a risk to health and safety

Question 76

Question 78.
According to the ‘Firefighter’ role description list 5 Duties/Accountabilities required in this role.

Answer 76

1. Contribute to the station’s community prevention, risk reduction planning and engagement programs and activities.
2. Attend fire and other emergency incidents providing expert knowledge and assistance commensurate with rank.
3. Contribute to the Station’s operational readiness, including the maintenance of appliances, tools and equipment.
4. Assist with investigations into the cause of fires.
5. Support the Station Officer in actions to achieve FRNSW’s goals of protecting life, property and other initiatives under the Plus Plan.
6. Undertake station duties including the completion of records, reports, correspondence and returns to facilitate the general running of the station.

Question 77

Question 79.
What GENERAL RULE should be followed when tasking crews at a residential structure fire?

Answer 77

As a general rule, in the absence of visible victims or in situations where victim location is unknown, the first arriving crew will be tasked with Fire Attack. It is critical to get water on the fire as quickly as possible to gain fire control and stop conditions from worsening.
Subsequent available crews will be tasked with conducting search and rescue.

Question 78

Question 80
According to STP- what is the recommended configuration for relay pumping operation?

Answer 78

• Base pump should be the largest capacity appliance. Smallest pump located closest to the fire ground.
• Always use minimum of two lines of hose between pumps.
• The maximum number of lengths between pumps is 5 lengths (150m) between the base pump and the first pump, and 7 lengths (210m) between the first pump and consecutive pumps.

Question 79

Question 81.
‘Fire Safety and Investigation’ there are four classifications of cause. Name and describe them.

Answer 79

1. Accidental. Fire which starts accidently from human activity or influence.
2. Incendiary. Fire which starts from deliberate and intentional human act.
3. Natural. Fire which starts by a natural act without human intervention or influence.
4. Undetermined. Fire where the cause cannot be identified.

Question 80

Question 82.
Whilst participating in a community event at the local oval and armed offender attack occurs. What actions should you take?

Answer 80

Escape. Hide. Tell.

1. Escape. As a priority, remove yourself and others from close proximity to the offender/s or areas they might reasonably access. If it is safe to do so, snatch and grab as many casualties as possible when exiting. Do not stop to provide first aid.
2. Hide. If you don’t believe you can safely escape, consider sheltering in place. Mute all communications equipment, including private mobile phones. Do not turn off. Constantly re-assess the situation and your options, based on the best available information.
3. Tell. Pass on information to Fire COM or the Police but never at the risk of your own safety or the safety of others.

Question 81

Question 83.
There are many duties of the BA Control Operator, list five.

Answer 81

1. Establish BA Control as close to the entry/exit point as possible.
2. Check and enter all details on the BA Control Board.
3. Ensure that BA team members are identified by a call sign determined by the incident comms plan.
4. Calculate and monitor entry and exit times.
5. Monitor all radio communications within the sector.
6. When exit time is reached: − Immediately contact the individual wearer or BA team leader. − If unable to contact, notify their Commander. − Activate the RIT immediately when required and notify the IC.
7. Indicate to exiting BA crews the locations of the BA staging area and Rehabilitation Area.
8. Provide updates to their Commander as required.
9. Ensure BA Control Boards clearly show when extended duration BA (EDBA) is in use.
10. Ensure BA Control Boards clearly show when aerial appliance operators are wearing BA.
11. Ensure BA Control Boards clearly show when extension facemasks are in use.
12. Notifying the IC or Sector/Group Commander if they require assistance.

Question 82

Question 84.
The numbers relayed back from Fire COM for the Hazmat Action Guide (HAG) sheet are used to determine PPE, form, hazards, effect with water, action, firefighting, and personnel decontamination. T X at the end of the transmission means there is text. What does the text usually refer to?

Answer 82

Additional Personal Protection (APP).

Question 83

Question 85.
What can P2 particle masks be used to protect against?

Answer 83

1. Known low concentrations of inert dust, those produced when cutting metal or wood.
2. Concrete, stone and masonry cutting operations where the work piece can be kept wet.
3. The particles, but not the gases such as CO, in bushfire smoke.
4. Contamination by body fluids.

Question 84

Question 86.
At any incident, the Incident Commander will consider the incident phase and the risk that may be accepted. Describe the life at risk phase.

Answer 84

Where there are saveable human lives. The incident is uncontrolled and requires rapid actions to control the risks to lives. A higher level of risk may be acceptable.

Question 85

Question 87.
What three principles should you keep in mind when forcing entry?

Answer 85

1. enter without undue delay;
2. enter with the minimum of structural damage; and.
3. enter so as to provide access to as much of the building as possible

Question 86

Question 88.
You respond to a building fire and the contaminated runoff/pollutant is impacting a canal that runs into a creek. Which agencies are you required to notify?

Answer 86

Roads and Maritime Services,
Transport for NSW.
Environment Protection Authority.

Question 87

Question 90.
What are the three basic principles for communication at incidents?

Answer 87

1. to use the principles of ICS and ensure an effective span of control;
2. to establish a flow of information at all levels of the incident, without overwhelming the IC or ComCen with superfluous data; and.
3. to ensure the safety of firefighters by using effective communication.

Question 88

Question 92.
Emergency Response Teams have varying levels of skills, equipment, and training. Depending on the hazards involved, the IC must determine, from Pre-Incident Planning and discussion with the Emergency Response Team Leader, their role at an incident. Name three activities Emergency Response Team can participate in.

Answer 88

1. Specialist advice to the IC relating to hazards, industrial processes and installed fire systems.
2. Operation of valves and other industrial processes.
3. Fire attack under the control of FRNSW officers.

Question 89

Question 93
SOGs describe how to de-escalate an incident. What is de-escalation?

Answer 89

De-escalation is the scaling back of FRNSW involvement at an incident.
Both the strategic and tactical levels scale back and delegated functions are handed back to the IC.
The IC determines that the incident has been contained and that resources can be released.
Eventually the incident terminates and the incident is completed.

Question 90

Question 94.
The Emergency Control Organisation may consist of people identified by coloured helmets, hats, caps, vests, or tabards. Name the members and the identifying colour.

Answer 90

1. White- Chief warden. Deputy chief warden. Communications officer
2. Yellow - Floor warden. Area wardens
3. Red- Wardens
4. White cross on green background - First aid officer -

Question 91

Question 95.
What are the correct meanings for the numerical codes:

Answer 91

Code 3. On scene at incident or move-up station
Code 6. Incident in Rural Fire District.
Code 4.  Available for response.
Code 1. Responding to an incident or move-up
Code 7. Unavailable for response

Question 92

Question 96.
You are completing a pre-incident plan for an occupancy located within your station area. Your priorities are confirming correct keys and swipe cards, along with updating information for the MDT. The SO directs you to inspect the Fire Control Room. According to the SOGs, What features are included in a Fire Control Room?

Answer 92

A Fire Control Room is usually at or below ground level. Features include:
1. a fire isolated room with a 2-hour fire rating and separate ventilation.
2. two exit points, to the front of the building and directly into a fire exit.
3. Fire Indicator Panel.
4. Fire Fan Control Panel.
5. Master Emergency Control Panel.
6. controls for fire pumps.
7. Security Alarm and Control Panels.
8. telephone (direct line outside).
9. whiteboard, corkboard and plan table.
10. Tactical Fire Plans (maps and schematics

Question 93

Question 97.
You are attending an incident at a large cold storage facility. Your SO has directed you to cut into an Insulated Sandwich Panel (ISP). Prior to cutting the ISP, you conduct a risk assessment. According to the SOGs, list the important issues to consider?

Answer 93

1. if there is sufficient time and resources available.
2. leaked refrigerant gas which may be pocketed behind panels or in ducting.
3. electrical wiring or refrigerant gas pipes that may be located behind the panels.
4. the potential to generate sparks that could ignite flammable refrigerant gas or ESP panel cores.
5. Weakening of the structure when multiple panels are cut.
6. An increase in fire activity due to the introduction of air;
7. Have a charged line of hose in place for protection before cutting ISPs

Question 94

Question 98.
You are attending a 3rd Alarm structure fire and note the current incident commander is being overwhelmed by radio messages. following span of control rules, what is the optimal amount an individual resources you should communicate with?

Answer 94

optimal is 1:5 ratio

Question 95

Question 99.
It is the responsibility of the Incident Commander (IC) to ensure that in general, each tactical priority has been addressed, according to the SOGs, involving structure fires the IC should consider how many sides of the fire?

Answer 95

Consider the “seven sides” of the fire: front, rear, both sides, top, bottom and inside.

Question 96

Question 100.
On arrival at an incident, you observe the EWIS is operating. Upon closer inspection you note it has defects. According to the SOGs, what actions should you take

Answer 96

Advise the NSWFB Fire Safety Division to have the matter investigated. Do not initiate any action yourself.

Question 97

Question 101.
You attend a Hazmat incident involving Phosgene, you appreciate the importance of correct spelling of a substance when transmitting messages to Comms. You are requested to relay the message using the phonetic alphabet. What is the correct phonetic alphabet transmission for Phosgene?

Answer 97

P – Papa H – Hotel O – Oscar S – Sierra G – Golf E – Echo N – November
E – Echo

Question 98

Question 102.
An MVA has occurred between a truck and two cars requiring the attendance of a rescue unit, the MVA has occurred on the M5 Motorway in the GSA. There are multiple emergency services within NSW that are responsible for rescue incidents. According to SOGs, who determines which emergency service will send a rescue unit to this rescue incident?

Answer 98

NSW Police.

Question 99

Question 103.
Fumigation is a process of applying a pesticide chemical to a sealed area for a period, generally to treat insects or other vermin. The pesticide is applied in gas form (or a state that produces a gas) to the area. According to SOGs if a firefighter is exposed to chemicals at a fumigation what actions need to be taken on arrival back at station?

Answer 99

1. Have the firefighter shower and dress in clean clothing.
2. Record the exposure in the Occurrence Book and in the eAIRS report.
3. Ensure that Notification of Injury, Illness, Exposure or Near-Miss (NIIENM) form is completed.

Question 100

Question 104.
FRNSW priorities guide the strategy and incident action plan (IAP) for the incident. What are our priorities at an incident?

Answer 100

• The first priority is the safety of firefighters.
  * The second priority is protecting saveable lives.
  * The third priority is protecting saveable property and the environment.

Question 101

Question 106.
According to the clean firefighter policy describe onsite decontamination.

Answer 101

· Onsite decontamination occurs as people and equipment leave the Hot Zone to recycle, when entering rehabilitation, or when leaving the incident. All people and equipment that have been in the Hot Zone are considered to have been exposed to contaminants and require decontamination.
· The aim of decontamination is to ensure zero exposure for firefighters, with all contaminates removed and left at the incident, where possible. All PPE, including boots, require cleaning before leaving the incident.

Question 102

Question 107.
List the roles and responsibilities of CFU members.

Answer 102

• like all residents, must follow Fire Danger Rating instructions and their Bushfire Survival Plan.
• do not fight fires or enter bushland; they are only empowered to protect properties in their area of activity from spot fires and ember attack.
• are no different to other residents during a bushfire, and do not have any authority, responsibility or role in FRNSW bushfire operations.
• must obey instructions from FRNSW firefighters or other emergency service agencies to deactivate and/or evacuate.
• after the front has passed, can carry out mopping up on their area of activity, freeing up firefighters to respond to the moving fire front.

Question 103

Question 108.
A medical emergency access incident is an actual or probable situation where either the Police Rescue Coordinator or the Ambulance Service of NSW (ASNSW) Communication Centre Manager considers serious. What do they consider a person at risk of if access is not gained quickly?

Answer 103

• a patient is at risk of further serious injury or death if medical assistance is not provided quickly, and a physical barrier or installed security system is preventing that access

Question 104

Question 109.
According to FRNSW Alcohol and other drugs policy, workers must not be in the workplace with a blood alcohol concentration of how many grams or above of alcohol per 210 litres of breath.

Answer 104

0.02 grams or above

Question 105

Question 110.
What actions should you take upon noticing signs of structural collapse

Answer 105

• Notify all personnel in the collapse zone
• Notify SO/ Sector commander
• Evacuate premises
• Set up exclusion zone
• Use appropriate water streams

Question 106

Question 111.
Radio codes for automatic fire alarms (AFAs) are used by the Incident Commander (IC) to send an incident completed (Stop) message to Fire com at the conclusion of an AFA-reported incident. When AFA call is to an actual fire – i.e., one which FRNSW has been alerted to by the activation of an AFA or manual call point. What is required to be reported to Fire com?

Answer 106

The IC must ensure a code 100 with a detailed message is sent

Question 107

Question 112.
Safety is paramount at all bushfires. A safety briefing must be completed and communicated to firefighters. Firefighters should constantly review LACES. Describe each letter of the acronym LACES.

Answer 107

• Lookouts – Fire crews must LOOKOUT and ensure that they have a clear appreciation of current fire behaviour, location and size of the fire in relation to crew location.
• Awareness – Firefighters must be aware of what is happening around them, including: − the impact of changes in fire behaviour caused by variations to fuel, weather and topography − observation of smoke colour, direction and column − fireground and urban hazards.
• Communications – All fire crews must maintain communication in accordance with the communications plan and ensure safety issues are discussed and addressed immediately.
• Escape Routes – At least two escape routes should be agreed and made known to all relevant personnel. The suitability of escape routes should be reviewed continually to ensure they remain effective.
• Safety Zones – Safety zones (refuge areas) should be identified and made known to all relevant firefighters. Firefighters need to consider escape time and safety zone size requirements, which may change as fire behaviour changes.

Question 108

Question 113.
Fire danger ratings (FDR) give an indication of the consequences of a bushfire. The higher the fire danger, the more dangerous the conditions. List the ratings.

Answer 108

Catastrophic
Extreme
High
Moderate
No rating

Question 109

Question 114
when sending radio messages, to ensure they are easy to understand and hear. How should they be formulated?

Answer 109

Radio messages are repeated to ensure accuracy of messages received (order model), and take the CAN (conditions, actions, needs) format.

Question 110

Question 115.
There are three strategies used during bushfires operations. Name and describe them.

Answer 110

Offensive strategy
FRNSW initiates offensive operations at bushfires. The factors that determine the success of an offensive operation are the location and size of the attack and support for the attacking crew.

Defensive strategy
The first priority in defensive operations is safety and all crews must always be accounted for. Focus of effort is concentrated on property protection or structural triage.

Safeguarding strategy
When offensive or defensive strategies are no longer viable with intense fires under the worst conditions, the actions during safeguarding strategy, while not fire suppression, warns, escorts (moves) and protects community members to ensure their safety.

Question 111

Question 116.
To minimise the risk of heat related illness, what is the minimum level of PPE that should be worn at a bushfire.

Answer 111

Level 2

Question 112

Question 117.
Heat stress is the most common condition which affects firefighters. It all too frequently affects their welfare, but more importantly, it affects their judgement and competence in the field. All firefighters must be able to recognise the symptoms, name three symptoms as stated in SOGs.

Answer 112

Dizziness, Weakness, Nausea.

Question 113

Question 118.
The status of a bushfire is the degree to which it is under control. What terminology is to be used in radio messages and sitreps to Fire COM?

Answer 113

Going.
Being Controlled.
Contained.
Patrol.
Out.

Question 114

Question 120.
Describe offensive and defensive firefighting strategies.

Answer 114

− Offensive – operating in close proximity to the hazards, to save saveable lives and property.
− Defensive – operating away from the hazards, and not risk life at all for what is already lost.

Question 115

Question 121.
What does the Incident Action (IAP) usually describe?

Answer 115

The IAP describes at any point in time:
* the risk assessment
* critical factors
* strategy and objectives
* incident structure
* layout of the incident (mud map)
* and any other relevant information.

Question 116

Question 123.
At a high-rise structure fire, what are the actions of the first arriving Station Commander?

Answer 116

The first Station Commander becomes the Sector Commander for the fire floor, establishes a Forward Control Point and commences fire operations from the floor below the fire.

Question 117

Question 124.
Twin bore tunnels, where traffic flows occur in separate tunnels, the tunnels are usually separated by 4-hour fire-resisting construction. Crossover passages between the tunnels are usually how many metres apart?

Answer 117

120M

Question 118

Question 125.
List the roles of FRNSW at incidents involving bomb threats or detonations?

Answer 118

• Support NSW Police Force or the Australian Defence Force (ADF) by protecting life and property from the effects of fires or hazardous materials that may occur.
• Act as the lead agency in urban search and rescue (USAR) operations.
• Assist NSW Ambulance.

Question 119

Question 126.
When referring to storage facilities describe-
* Bulk
* Flatbed storage
* Ventilated
* Sealed

Answer 119

Bulk - more than 4 tonnes (net), or more than 4 cubic metres of a substance, not in individual packages.
Flatbed storage - a single level building or other structure designed for the storage of solids in bulk of more than 40 tonnes.
Ventilated - containers open to the atmosphere, including silos with explosion vents that have activated.
Sealed - a grain container is sealed during fumigation and semi sealed at other times – includes semi-sealed and oxygen limiting containers.

Question 120

Question 127.
Standards Australia refers to Breathing Apparatus (BA) as supplied air respirators. Fire and Rescue NSW uses positive pressure supplied air respirators to provide the highest level of protection. Name and describe them.

Answer 120

• Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
• Extended duration breathing apparatus (EDBA): An SCBA set in twin cylinder configuration which allows firefighters to work for approximately twice the time as single cylinder SCBA.
• Airline respirator: An extension facemask with an airline supplied from a source of compressed air. These sources include:
  − Air trolley breathing apparatus (ATBA): A mobile trolley with compressed air cylinders, a valve assembly and an airline connected to an extension facemask.
  − An independent SCBA set.
  − SCBA worn by a firefighter: An extension facemask and airline worn by a second person which is attached to the auxiliary connection of an SCBA or EDBA set worn by a firefighter.

Question 121

Question 128.
Decontamination is the process of removing contaminants from people and equipment to prevent further injury and reduce the spread of the contaminant. What are the three ways decontamination can be implemented.

Answer 121

• Standard decontamination is implemented where there is no life at risk.
• Emergency decontamination is implemented where there is a life at risk (a person is rescued from the Hot Zone), or an immediate response is required due to an accidental contamination.
• Mass decontamination is implemented in an unexpected and dangerous situation which must be dealt with immediately where a group of people are contaminated.

Question 122

Question 129.
When dealing with radiological incidents, the first priority is to minimise the exposure to radiation while rendering the incident safe. What are the main considerations for protecting people at radiological incidents?

Answer 122

Time – minimise the duration of exposure.
Distance – maximise the distance from the radiological source.
Shielding – maximise shielding between the radiological source and people.

Question 123

Question 130.
What are three types of radiation.

Answer 123

Alpha, Beta, Gamma

Question 124

Question 131.
Materials that contain asbestos are known as asbestos containing materials (ACM). If asbestos is encountered at an incident, as far as practical, employ dust suppression tactics and leave ACM in situ. Provide three examples of dust suppression tactics.

Answer 124

• Minimise disturbance – ie restrict salvage and overhaul work.
• Keep it lightly dampened down with fog spray.
• Apply a bonding agent such as a foam blanket or coloured PVA/water mix.
• Wrap or cover with salvage plastic sheeting.

Question 125

Question 132.
Materials that contain asbestos are known as asbestos containing materials (ACM). There are generally two categories of ACM name and describe them.

Answer 125

Friable
Any ACM that is in powder form, or that can be crumbled, pulverised, or reduced to powder by hand pressure when dry. Examples are loose-fill insulation, pipe lagging, and fire-damaged ACM.
Non-friable
Previously known as bonded. Any ACM that is not friable, including materials containing asbestos fibres reinforced with a bonding compound. Examples include fibre cement sheeting (‘fibro’), corrugated or moulded fibre cement, and electrical switchboards.

Question 126

Question 133.
The minimum number of new PIPs to be completed by each platoon yearly is?

Answer 126

4

Question 127

Question 134.
Why does FRNSW conduct hydrant inspections?

Answer 127

• ensure that hydrants work when needed
• notify water authorities of problems with hydrants, and
• familiarise crews with hydrants in their area.

Question 128

Question 135.
According to the After-Action Review (AAR) Policy - AARs are held for the purpose of reviewing organisational performance, resulting in a series of observations, which are analysed to produce thematic insights. What timeframe should a Type 1 review be conducted?

Answer 128

Immediate or as soon as possible.

Question 129

Question 136.
As stated in in the FRNSW Code of Conduct and Ethics - FRNSW has shared values with the NSW Government Sector. Name all the shared values.

Answer 129

• Respect
• Integrity
• Service
• Courage

Question 130

Question 137.
According to FRNSW Policy Managing Gifts, Benefits and Hospitality Policy and Procedure - Any offer of a gift or benefit in excess of $50 or not token in nature, whether it is accepted or not, must be declared and registered with who?

Answer 130

Professional Standards.

Question 131

Question 138.
According to the infection prevention and control manual - An infection occurs when another organism enters your body and causes disease. There are six main transmission routes, list four.

Answer 131

• Direct contact transmission with blood or body substances
• Indirect contact transmission
• Droplet transmission
• Airborne transmission
• Gastrointestinal transmission
• Vector borne (Zoonotic) transmission.

Question 132

Question 139.
What is the unit of measurement for external radiation?

Answer 132

sievert (Sv)
Measurements are likely to be given as millisieverts (mSv) or microsieverts (µSv).

Question 133

Question 140.
The risk of developing asbestos related disease depends on many factors. List three factors.

Answer 133

• Concentration of exposure:
• Duration of exposure:
• Fibre characteristics:

Question 134

Question 141.
List and define the three zone systems as outlined in SOGs Scene Security.

Answer 134

• Hot Zone – where no personnel enter until a DRA determines appropriate actions and level of PPE.
• Warm Zone – where Fire and Rescue NSW conducts its operations.
• Cold Zone – where the Incident Control Point and support agencies are located and where the Police implement overall site control

Question 135

Question 142
Operators of aged care facilities have emergency plans, which include a staged evacuation plan. List the stage numbers including the stage FRNSW would likely be involved.

Answer 135

Stage 1 – Residents removed from immediate danger – evacuated to an adjoining room
Stage 2 – (FRNSW likely to be involved from this stage) – Residents removed from adjoining rooms and corridoors, away from the emergency (fire, smoke, gas)- evacuated to an adjoining fire or smoke compartment, or another floor below the emergency.
Stage 3 – Residents completely evacuated from the building – evacuated to a nominated safe assembley area.

Question 136

Question 144.
At a high-rise structure fire, what area provides a safe location with building communications, control equipment and plans?

Answer 136

The Fire Control Room (FCR) provides a safe location with building communications, control equipment and plans.

Question 137

Question 143.
During bushfire operations safeguarding strategy is not fire suppression but can be used when defensive operations are not safe. Describe the actions taken in this strategy.

Answer 137

When offensive or defensive strategies are no longer viable with intense fires under the worst conditions, the actions during safeguarding strategy, while not fire suppression, warns, escorts (moves) and protects community members to ensure their safety.

Question 138

Question 145.
In some cases, mostly at larger structures and complexes it may not be appropriate to turn off power to the entire structure. List three of these structures or complexes.

Answer 138

• Industrial complexes – some processes may be difficult to shut down quickly
• High-rise buildings – lights or lifts may be needed during evacuation of residents
• Health care facilities – life-sustaining equipment may be in use.

Question 139

Question 146.
When installing a smoke alarm in a residential dwelling, what is the most suitable fixing method to attach to surfaces.

Answer 139

Use heavy-duty double-sided tape.

Question 140

Suspicious substance incidents (including suspicious package incidents) are multiagency incidents. FRNSW, the NSW Police Force and the Ambulance Service of NSW have developed multi-agency procedures to provide emergency services personnel with the knowledge, skills, and ability to ensure a consistent and safe approach for management and resolution of suspicious substance incidents. The level of risk can be identified by a colour. What are these colours?

Answer 140

Red – High Risk I Blue- Medium Risk Incidents Green – Low Risk

Question 141

Question 148.
Sexual Harassment is against the law and never acceptable. FRNSW adopts the legal definition of sexual harassment as per the Anti- Discrimination Act 1977. What constitutes sexual harassment as described in the Act?

Answer 141

 a person sexually harasses another person if—
(a)  the person makes an unwelcome sexual advance, or an unwelcome request for sexual favours, to the other person, or
(b) the person engages in other unwelcome conduct of a sexual nature in relation to the other person, in circumstances in which a reasonable person, having regard to all the circumstances, would have anticipated that the other person would be offended, humiliated or intimidated.

Question 142

Question 149.
list the requirements regarding qualifications for a full or part change of shift.

Answer 142

Qualifications of replacements Replacement firefighters must have similar qualifications required to meet the needs of the position being filled on the particular shift, e.g. rescue, hazmat, pumper or aerial operator qualifications

Question 143

Question 150.
According to the procedure, arrangement for a full or part change of shift- The applicant must submit the form to their Station Commander or Supervisor at least how many hours in advance?

Answer 143

At least 24 hours in advance.

Question 144

Question 151.
According to the FRNSW Act 1989, what is the definition of a hazardous material incident?

Answer 144

hazardous material incident means an actual or impending land-based spillage or other escape of hazardous material that causes or threatens to cause injury or death or damage to property.

Question 145

Question 152.
According to the NSW RFS and FRNSW Memorandum of Understanding, when responding to AFAs within the jurisdictional, responsibility of the RFS, the first arriving brigade can de activate the local alarm, who can carry out resetting of the alarm?

Answer 145

Resetting of the alarm will only be carried out by FRNSW

Question 146

Question 153.
Annual Workplace Safety Inspections aim to reduce the number of safety incidents by identifying and controlling a broad range of potential hazards in FRNSW-owned or leased workplaces. When must each FRNSW-owned or leased workplace be inspected by each year?

Answer 146

31st May

Question 147

Question 155.
When using a hydrant booster, the IC will instruct the pump operator to run the hydrant booster system in one of three modes. List all three.

Answer 147

Stand by mode
Activation mode
Deactivation mode

Question 148

Question 156.
Every workplace should have a prominently displayed Health & Safety Notice Board, list all documents that should be attached?

Answer 148

• SIRA Poster - If you get injured at work
• Commissioner’s Safety StatementSafety and Wellbeing Plan 2021-2022FRNSW Return to Work Policy and Program Summary
• Workplace Evacuation Diagrams
• WHS Issue Resolution Flowchart Guide - NIIENM Submission Workflow Safety information and Contacts
• Safety Representatives Template
• First Aid Officers Template
• Fire Warden Template 

Question 149

Question 157.
Smoke screen security devices produce a barrier of dense white fog when a monitored security alarm system is activated. FRNSW may be responded to buildings where the smoke screen has been activated and mistaken for a fire. What are two things’ firefighters should consider before entering the building?

Answer 149

• intruders may still be in the building;
• a real fire may have set off motion detectors and activated the smoke screen device.

Question 150

what is the definition of thermal capacity?

Answer 150

The amount of heat absorbed for any given increase in temperature.

Question 151

159. flash fires and dust explosions are similar in conditions. Three conditions occur in both flash fires and dust explosions. Which conditions do NOT occur in both?

Answer 151

The explosive chemical reaction must occur in a confined space for a dust explosion

Question 152

Question 161.
During a bushfire, a helicopter is carrying out hot refuelling operations to prepare for ongoing water bombing operations.
According to SOGs, a designated Fire Protection Crew should follow what procedures?

Answer 152

Wear full PPE:
* Full structural firefighting ensemble, including helmet and gloves
* Flash hood
* SCBA
* Ear plugs – which provide sufficient protection at 50 metres

Do not become involved in refuelling or fire protection with extinguishers at the refuelling point.
Locate the appliance uphill, upwind, and at least 50 metres from the landing site, fuel pumps and fuel storage areas, and any incident on the airbase.

During refuelling, firefighters in full PPE will stand by with lines of hose charged, foam eductor attached and B Class foam ready to be inducted.
Prevent water or foam streams from hitting moving rotors.
When life is not at risk, advice should be sought on how to minimise damage to the aircraft before applying foam or water streams.
When life is at risk commence fire attack immediately.

Question 153

Question 162.
A 6-level building has a fire burning on the 3rd level. Heat smoke and fire gases are gradually rising through vertical openings and spreading to floors above the fire. As per the Firefighters Training Manual, what factors will mostly affect the levels reached by these stratified layers?

Answer 153

• the type of fuel in the fire;
• size of the fire;
• size of the internal openings;
• height of the building; and
• the weather.

Question 154

Question 163.
At a 4th alarm industrial unit fire, the Incident Commander (IC) had assigned Sector
Commanders, a Safety Officer and a Staging Officer with four pumps initially in Staging. The IC later requested an extra six firefighters and a Station Commander from Staging, but there was only one pump in Staging. Why was this error not identified?

Answer 154

The IC should specify a minimum number of spare resources required in Staging.
Staging Officer should advised the IC when spare resources in Staging are low, or fall below the number specified by the IC.

Question 155

165. provide a detailed description of Hazard and Risk.

Answer 155

A hazard is anything in the workplace that has the potential to cause harm to a person. Hazards can be an object or thing; Physical hazards, Chemical hazards, Ergonomic hazards, Psychosocial hazards.
A risk is the harm that may occur to a person exposed to a hazard.
The level of risk is dependant on the severity of harm that may be caused and the likelihood of that harm occurring.

Question 156

Question 168.
You attend a 3rd Alarm structure fire, and the Incident Commander (IC) appoints you the Safety Officer. What is the Safety Officer responsible for? List five.

Answer 156

• Identify unsafe conditions or operations and report these to the IC.
• Correct unsafe work practices through the appropriate commander.
• Communicate with commanders, to identify safety concerns and the control measures implemented.
• Identify hazards likely to affect the safety, health, or welfare of personnel. Ensure all those at the incident are properly briefed on these hazards, including measures to eliminate, prevent, or mitigate risks.
• Assist the IC to complete the operational risk assessment and the risk assessment worksheet.
• Confirm that all health and safety systems are in place.
• Confirm that all utilities are identified and rendered safe.
• Confirm that all those at the incident are aware of the location of the hazard zone, any exclusion zones, and any other designated areas.
• Request the appointment of additional Safety Officers if needed.
• Maintain awareness of the incident communications plan and incident action plan.

Question 157

Question 169.
FRNSW use different methods to ventilate a structure. All ventilation methods require safety precautions. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what safety precautions should you practice during vertical or trench ventilation?

Answer 157

• don’t walk on spongy roofs.
• take care to prevent firefighters from sliding and falling;
• exercise caution when working near electric wires;
• ensure that firefighters making the opening are standing to the windward side of the cut and wearing the correct protective equipment;
• watch for indications of weakening structure or other hazards;
• apply extreme caution when using power tools;
• keep a firm footing;
• always have a means of retreat.

Question 158

Question 170.
You are performing a fire duty after a fire at a factory. The cause is yet to be determined; the Fire Investigation and Research Unit (FIRU) and Police are at work. An employee asks if he can go and retrieve some personal belongings. According to Part 3 Section 31 of the Fire Brigades Regulation 2023, what is your correct course of action?

Answer 158

• ensure a person does not enter, or interfere with or remove goods from, premises at the site unless the person establishes the person’s identity and authority to do so, and
• if a person unlawfully enters, or interferes with or removes goods from, premises at the site—report the person to the officer in charge at the site.

Question 159

Question 171.
According to SOGs, as the Incident Commander, you may choose a fast attack command position. What does fast attack enable the IC to do?

Answer 159

• More fully size up the incident.
• Directly supervise the crew.
• Assist the crew with task level work if needed.
• Take advantage of the limited window of opportunity available while the incident is in its early stages.

Question 160

Question 172.
Hazardous chemical (Hazchem) emergency action codes provide information for the fire brigade and police on how to deal with a fire or spillage. What does the 3-digit code give basic information on?

Answer 160

The First Position: firefighting media. Jets, fog, foam, dry agent

The Second Position: Possible reactions, PPC, Dilute or contain

The Third Position: weather to consider evacuation

Question 161

Question 173.
To extinguish a fire, we must remove one or more factors that form the fire triangle or fire tetrahedron. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what methods are used to remove one of these factors. List four.
:

Answer 161

• starvation;
• smothering;
• cooling; and
• interruption of the flame chain reaction.

Question 162

Question 174.
the use of water as an extinguishing medium on ships has some disadvantages. List three of the disadvantages.

Answer 162

• it is likely to damage cargo;
• it may react dangerously with cargo;
• it can affect a ship’s stability;
• it always presents a danger of flooding; and
• FRNSW equipment may not fit ship-board connections.

Question 163

Question 176.
Crews operating on levels above the fire should be constantly alert for the potential of fire extension. List the actions should crews take.

Answer 163

• Checking concealed spaces, including ducting and pipework with the TIC
• Closing windows and moving flammable material away from windows
• Always having charged lines of hose
• Maintaining communication with outside crews, who can report any externally visible indicators of changed fire activity

Question 164

Question 177.
You are responded to an aircraft on a runway with smoke issuing from behind the piston engine. All passengers and crew are out. It is a radial engine. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, how does the fire risk of this engine compare to an inline engine and what extinguishing medium would you use?

Answer 164

The greater fire risk in this type of engine is in the ancillary equipment. This equipment is usually housed in a bay behind the cylinders. The fire risk in this area is in the oil pumps, generators, carburetors, and superchargers and in the pipework and wiring.
There is a fire-resistant bulkhead, between the engine and the remainder of the plane structure, used to support pipework and wiring so its effectiveness as a fire barrier is diminished.
Halons or CO2 are most effective in controlling these fires.

Question 165

Question 178.
Short-term fatigue management is the management of acute fatigue that may occur as a result of tasks undertaken by firefighters during work hours. As a guide, a break from these tasks should be taken how often?

Answer 165

every four hours.

Question 166

Question 179.
when determining where ventilation needs to be carried out, what considerations need to be taken into account?

Answer 166

• the nature and proximity of exposures;
• the size of the fire;
• the seat of the fire;
• the wind and weather conditions;
• the type of building construction; and
• the presence of vertical or horizontal openings and how they may affect ventilation.

Question 167

Question 180.
if co2 is used to extinguish a fire in an underground vault substation what is the minimum time it needs to be kept sealed within the vault?

Answer 167

keep the vault closed and openings sealed for at least 20 minutes.

Question 168

Question 181.
what is the definition of decontamination?

Answer 168

Decontamination is the process of removing contaminants from people and equipment to prevent further injury and reduce the spread of the contaminant.

Question 169

Question 182.
During a bushfire, your sector contains an area where trees and grass are alight under high voltage power lines. According to SOGs, what are the safe working distances and what firefighting activities can you perform?

Answer 169

Keep people and vehicles a minimum of 25 metres clear of a fire burning under or near power lines. Do not engage in firefighting under high voltage power lines.

Question 170

Question 183.
You need to attach a delivery to the hydrant outlet. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, hydrants have what types of deliveries?

Answer 170

• double delivery;
• elbow delivery; and
• standpipe delivery.

Question 171

Question 184.
A BA team reports to a Breathing Apparatus Control Operator (BACO) two floors below the fire floor at a high-rise structure fire. They provide their BA tallies to the BACO and proceed to the fire floor but remain in the fire stairs for ten minutes before donning BA and beginning firefighting tasks.
Ten minutes after that the BACO is trying to contact the Sector Commander urgently stating that they are running low on air when they are not. According to SOGs, what went wrong?

Answer 171

The BA wearer DID NOT notify the BACO when they don their facemask and began using their air supply.

Question 172

Question 185.
there are five members of a decontamination team. Name all members.

Answer 172

Decontamination Officer
Wash Operator
Wash Assistant
Disrobe Assistant
Pump Operator

Question 173

Question 186.
At an incident, fire crews believe accelerants may have been used. According to Standing Orders, what are possible signs of accelerant use?

Answer 173

• characteristic burn pattern,
• indication of fire trailers,
• rapid fire development inconsistent with available combustible materials,
• unusual odours, or
• damage to building consistent with a vapour explosion.

Question 174

Question 187.
You are in charge of firefighters providing fire protection during helicopter refuelling. You instruct them to wear full PPE. According to SOGs, what full PPE will they wear?

Answer 174

• full structural firefighting ensemble, including helmet and gloves
• flash hood
• SCBA
• ear plugs Which provide sufficient protection @50M

Question 175

Question 188
Under the FRNSW Act 1989, define flammable matter?

Answer 175

flammable matter includes—
(a)  any substance capable of ignition or combustion by the application of heat, by means of sparks or spontaneously, and
(b)  any substance prescribed as flammable for the purposes of this definition.

Question 176

Question 189.
Bushfire classes are determined by the level of resources committed to the fire, and its potential impact on the community, economy, essential infrastructure, and not its size. Describe a Class 3 bushfire?

Answer 176

A major bushfire or fires where an appointment is made or is imminent under the provisions of Section 44 of the Rural Fires Act 1997.

Question 177

Question 190.
In relation to toxic chemicals, what are the four main types of military warfare agents?

Answer 177

• Nerve or G agents
• Blister agents or H agents
• Blood agents
• Choking agents

Question 178

Question 191.
You are first arriving Station Commander at a fire to find smoke issuing from a single level house. You have not conducted a 360° size up but have given your crew initial tasks.
What actions would most assist in formally assuming command?

Answer 178

• Confirm via initial radio report to Fire COM that an IC is in place.
• Name command.
• Select an appropriate command position – ie fast attack or stationary.

Question 179

Question 192.
You respond to a High-Rise building. According to SOGs, High Rise buildings are generally described by what characteristics?

Answer 179

High-rise structures are 25 metres or more in height, with 10 or more levels, and numerous essential services.

Question 180

Question 194.
According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what conditions should be determined before carrying out ventilation?

Answer 180

• the seat of the fire has been located;
• crews are ready to enter with charged hose lines;
• back-up crews are ready to enter; and
• communications have been established amongst all crews.

Question 181

Question 195.
You are the Incident Commander at a hazardous materials incident and find wastewater coming from an adjoining business is entering the Hot Zone and spreading contaminants. You order this water supply to be shut off, but the business owner next door complains that he will lose money by shutting down production. What are your general powers in this situation as stipulated under the FRNSW Act?

Answer 181

The officer in charge at a fire or hazardous material incident may, for the purpose of extinguishing or controlling a fire or confining or ending the incident or rendering the site of the incident safe, without payment—
(a) take and use any water from any source on any land, and
(b) cause water to flow into or be shut off from any main or pipe.

Question 182

Question 196
FRNSW incident management is consistent with the Australasian Inter-service Incident Management System (AIIMS).
What are the key principles of AIIMS?

Answer 182

Flexibility
Management by objectives
Functional management
Unity of command
span of control

Question 183

Question 197.
Describe the term “All Clear.”

Answer 183

The term indicates that primary and secondary searches have been completed for a compartment, location, or the entire structure. This confirms to the IC that firefighters have checked for occupants in those locations and none have been located.

Question 184

Question 199.
You are the Incident Commander at a large factory fire. There are 8 pumps code 3 at the incident. According to SOGs, list two combinations could you allocate these pumps to achieve three-deep deployment?

Answer 184

Combo 1
Pump 1 tasked in hot zone, pump 2 recycling in warm zone.
Pump 3 uncommitted edge of warm zone on deck.
Pumps 4-8 in staging waiting to be deployed.

Combo 2
Pump 1 full rehabilitation in cold zone.
Pump 2 tasked in hot zone, pump 3 recycling in warm zone. Sector A.
Pump 4 uncommitted edge of warm zone on deck. Sector A.
Pump 5 tasked in hot zone. Sector C.
Pump 6 uncommitted edge of warm zone on deck. Sector C.
Pumps 7 and 8 in staging waiting to be deployed.

Question 185

Question 200.
FRNSW is committed to achieving the principles and requirements of the Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion Policy, to achieve this what are all employees responsible for?

Answer 185

• Creating a culturally safe workplace environment which is free from discrimination and everyone is valued and treated with respect;
• Working collaboratively to recognise and appreciate equity, diversity and inclusion;
• Identifying and addressing any form of discrimination in the workplace.

Question 186

Question 201.
According to the Transfer and Mobility Policy, list the reasons permanent Officers and Firefighters may seek transfer or be transferred to other locations.

Answer 186

Career development
Operational capability (skills and qualifications development)
Compassionate issues/staff welfare
Location based transfers
Performance /disciplinary

Question 187

Question 202.
According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what does the term latent heat of vaporisation refer to?

Answer 187

The amount of heat required to vaporise a unit weight of the extinguishing medium.

Question 188

Question 203.
According to the Firefighters Training Manual, water is drawn from various types of water mains. Name the types of mains.

Answer 188

trunk mains
distributary mains
reticulation mains

Question 189

Question 205
Insulated Sandwich Panels (ISPs), especially those with Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) cores can create an extremely hazardous environment for firefighters and may force adoption of a defensive strategy from an early stage. According to SOGs, what are the reasons for this?

Answer 189

1. EPS melts and flows like a liquid. It is highly flammable, inducing rapid fire spread, which is undetectable with thermal imaging cameras
2. Panel delamination, where the hot metal panel skins bow and open up, rapidly increases the rate of fire spread.
3. There is an increased risk of flashover and backdraught.
4. Large volumes of toxic, thick, black, acrid smoke are produced.
5. Sudden, loss of structural integrity may cause substantial building collapse.

Question 190

Question 206.
According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what are the main types of aircraft?

Answer 190

• civil;
• military; and
• helicopters (civil and military).

Question 191

Question 207.
when responding into a Rural Fire District, when are you required to send a Code 6

Answer 191

− Immediately it becomes apparent to the Officer-in-Charge (OIC) of an FRNSW appliance that they have received a call to an incident located within a Rural Fire District, or
− With the Code 1 (responding) message if it is known at the time of the call that the incident is in a Rural Fire District.

Question 192

Question 208.
According to Operations Bulletin 2023-02. List the risk management measures that should be taken when attending incidents involving hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV).

Answer 192

• Conduct atmospheric monitoring with a four head gas detector for LELs to detect if hydrogen is leaking.
• Use a thermal imaging camera (TIC) to identify if hydrogen fire is present.
• Conduct thermal checks on the battery using a TIC to determine whether thermal runaway may be occurring within the lithium-ion battery. Increasing temperature is an indication that a thermal runaway event may be occurring. If so, use a hose stream to cool.
• Establish an exclusion zone (minimum 15 m) around any hydrogen FCEV incident.

Question 193

Question 209.
The operation (or non-operation) of the pressure relief valve on an LPG storage or transport container does not necessarily mean that a BLEVE is imminent. However, if the valve is operating on an LPG storage container that has no odorant and is labelled accordingly the internal pressure of the cylinder may be rising. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what are indicators of a possible BLEVE?

Answer 193

• any increase in the noise level from the valve; or
• any sign of bulging or blistering on the outside of the tank or cylinder.

Question 194

Question 210.
when developing objectives, strategies and tactics what should be considered?

Answer 194

• the response time for requested support;
• the requirements for relief crews and refreshments; and
• whether a change of shift might be necessary

Question 195

Question 211.
You are the Officer in Charge at a hazardous materials incident, and the site manager is failing to cooperate. You advise the site manager of your authority to enter and operate under the FRNSW Act, what does it state?

Answer 195

The officer in charge may, with or without members of a fire brigade, enter any place: in respect of which a report of a hazardous material incident has been made to ascertain whether there is any hazardous material at the place that is, or is about to be, the subject of a hazardous material incident.

At the site of a hazardous material incident, the officer in charge: is to control and direct the operations of any fire brigade.

Question 196

Question 212.
According to the Toolkit - Conduct - Respectful Workplaces, Clear communication is one of the best ways to build a respectful workplace and to avoid conflict. What is the tool that will help employees to communicate clearly when addressing difficult topics.

Answer 196

Straight Talk is a tool that will help employees to communicate clearly when addressing difficult topics.

Question 197

Question 213.
According to the Toolkit - Mental fitness- What program offers an external service that provides professional and confidential counselling/coaching to help you with challenges, issues or concerns that may be affecting you at work or home.

Answer 197

The Employee Assistance Program (EAP)

Question 198

Question 214.
During the de-escalation of an incident, at what stage is command terminated?

Answer 198

Command is only terminated when the last resource leaves the incident.

Question 199

Question 215.
What are principles of situation evaluation in incident management?

Answer 199

• Collecting and evaluating information may start before arriving on scene.
• Once on scene, further information is collected and rapidly evaluated via an initial size up from the vehicle. The IC should collect additional information via a 360 degree size up.
• The IC’s initial size up and decision-making about critical factors may need to be rapid. Once the incident is contained, the IC should take a more deliberate approach.
• The Incident Commander (IC) must identify a set of critical factors and process them into an incident action plan (IAP).
• The IC can only deal with 3-7 critical factors at any one time. If there are more than this, consider expanding the incident structure so that delegation can occur.
• Critical factors must be communicated to Fire COM.
• The IC should continually collect information during the incident from commanders and other external sources such as onsite experts and other agencies.
• Critical factors may change rapidly as the incident evolves. The IAP must be modified as critical factors change.
• Situation evaluation only ends when command is terminated.
• Anyone at the incident may collect information regarding critical factors. These need to be communicated to the IC. Critical safety concerns can be addressed immediately if required, before informing the IC.

Question 200

Question 216.
According to Recommended Practice, state why the thermal imaging camera may or may not be suitable for use in a flammable atmosphere.

Answer 200

Thermal imaging cameras are not intrinsically safe. Do not use them in potentially flammable atmospheres.

Question 201

Question 217.
A major goal for the IC is to develop an Incident Action Plan for the incident. What is an incident action plan?

Answer 201

An Incident Action Plan (IAP) is the plan developed by the IC that describes, at any one point, how the IC plans to resolve or control the incident.

Question 202

Question 218.
What are the terms used in an initial radio report, to indicate the size of a structure at a fire incident.

Answer 202

The terms small, medium, large, very large and mega are useful in an initial radio report, to indicate the size of a structure at a fire incident.

Question 203

The initial radio report (IRR) is sent by the first arriving officer to Fire COM. It time-stamps command, confirms and identifies the IC, and records initial details about the incident. It should be in
Conditions, Actions, Needs (CAN) format and should include-

Answer 203

• Confirmation of address.
• Conditions: Brief description of the incident; obvious critical factors including hazards.
• Actions: Initial incident action plan (IAP); assumption of command and naming of incident; strategy.
• Needs: Increase of alarm level as per the Alarm Response Protocol (ARP), or, in areas where this does not operate, request for particular resources as per local arrangements (Fire COM will confirm the availability of requested resources).

Question 204

Question 220.
The Community Activities Reporting System (CARs) is the platform for reporting community activities engaged in at a station level and by our other specialist units. Who is authorised to enter completed activities in CARs.

Answer 204

Any member of the crews participating in the activity can complete the report, provided that they have direct knowledge of the information they are submitting.

Question 205

Question 221.
According to FRNSW Cyber Security policy - Employees are responsible to protect the information they use and manage as part of their daily job. Employees are expected to complete Cyber Security Awareness Training how often?

Answer 205

Annually

Question 206

There are two types of broad area prescribed burns. What are they?

Answer 206

Simple and complex

Question 207

Pile burns may be carried out by FRNSW to dispose of vegetation resulting from what activities?

Answer 207

• removal of bushfire fuels
• bush regeneration/weed removal from authorised activities
• agricultural activities.

Question 208

Question 224.
List occasions when prescribed burning conducted by FRNSW is not permitted in a fire district.

Answer 208

• there is a total fire ban
• the EPA has issued a No-Burn Notice (unless prior exemption has been granted)
• the Fire Behaviour Index (FBI) is greater than 23

Question 209

Question 225.
According to CASE STUDY 2023-06 on the Intranet, four firefighters injured by unauthorised equipment - During 2020-2021, four firefighters required treatment in hospital after being injured by unauthorised equipment that had been brought into FRNSW workplaces. What is FRNSWs definition of unauthorised equipment as described in the case study?

Answer 209

Unauthorised equipment is any item which is purchased, introduced, or used within an FRNSW workplace that has not first met the requirements of the Procurement Manual.

Question 210

Question 226.
When conveying sensitive information on an open channel what should be considered as listed in SOGs?

Answer 210

Messages containing details of injuries, fatalities or personal information should be sent by alternative means of communication such as mobile phone.

Question 211

Who must give consent for PIP inspections to be conducted on a premises?

Answer 211

• PIP inspections shall only be conducted with the consent of the building owner or occupier of the building.

Question 212

Question 229.
What are the door entry techniques that can be used with the Halligan tool?

Answer 212

Inward Adze Roll Technique, Outward Adze, Fork Drive.

Question 213

Question 230.
What are the five steps to forcing a door?

Answer 213

1. Size up
2. Gap
3. Set
4. Force
5. Control

Question 214

During Firefighting Operations, what does fire attack crew never ignore?

Answer 214

FIRE ATTACK crew never ignores a casualty.

Question 215

Question 232.
Search and rescue during firefighting operations-The objective of a search is to confirm an ALL CLEAR, this is usually broken into what two components?

Answer 215

PRIMARY SEARCH

SECONDARY SEARCH

Question 216

Question 233.
Describe the terms withdraw and abandon as used by the IC to indicate to crews the urgency required to move from offensive to a defensive strategy.

Answer 216

• Withdraw – this indicates that firefighters have enough time to exit the structure or the position they are working in, with all their equipment, in a controlled manner. It is usually given by the IC in response to a tactical CAN report.
• Abandon – this indicates that there is an immediate threat to firefighter lives and the firefighters must exit the structure or position they are working in immediately and only bring equipment with them if it will not compromise their safety. This could be that a fire has rapidly escalated, wall collapse is imminent, or a trench is about to collapse.

Question 217

Search and rescue during firefighting operations - What signs would indicate it’s time to withdraw?

Answer 217

• Worsening fire/smoke conditions
• Signs of structural collapse
• Previously unknown hazards
• Emergency Radio Message signaling:
• Loss of PAR
• Change to a Defensive Strategy via an order from the I.C. to Withdraw or Abandon.

Question 218

Question 235.
According to Safety Bulletin 2023-03 TIC lanyard entanglement risk - If the TIC needs to be handed between members of firefighting or search and rescue teams what is the safest method to pass to the front firefighter?

Answer 218

It is safest to do so around the side of the body of the front firefighter and not over the shoulder.

Question 219

Question 236.
what is the purpose of placing an appliance in the fend off position?

Answer 219

It uses the appliances bulk and visibility to form a physical barrier protecting FRNSW personnel, other emergency services and patients from oncoming traffic.

Question 220

Question 237.
Warning gear is used to mark off incidents sites and warn the public that FRNSW operations are nearby. As listed on the worksheet list three forms of warning gear.

Answer 220

E-flare or strobe kit, the Hazard Ahead sign, barrier and hazmat Hot Zone tape, witch’s hats, and breakdown road triangles.

Question 221

According to the SIMS Worksheet - All extinguishers are inspected and serviced by who and at what timeframes?

Answer 221

Drivers and crews of FRNSW appliances where extinguishers are fitted should be inspected monthly. All extinguishers are inspected and serviced by a competent person six monthly, annually and five yearly.

Question 222

What removal technique provides a time efficient technique that removes an unconscious or decreased level of consciousness firefighter from their equipment providing access for assessment and further medical intervention?

Answer 222

The Mayday Drag

Question 223

Question 240.
when responded to a Community First Responder incident and the patient refuses care. What should you do?

Answer 223

If care is refused, observe the patient until the ambulance arrives. Assume an unconscious patient wants assistance.
If a patient previously refusing treatment loses consciousness, treat them.

Question 224

Question 242.
To ensure visibility, firefighters must always wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) when working on roadways. List the PPE that can be used.

Answer 224

Structural firefighting coat, Multi-purpose coat, High visibility vest, High-visibility raincoat, Duty wear trousers, Structural firefighting trousers.

Question 225

Question 243.
Occasionally, FRNSW personnel may have to prepare a helicopter landing site. List the points to be considered when doing this.

Answer 225

• position the landing site in an area 30 m x 30 m minimum, on solid, level ground away from power lines or wires, and clear of trees or similar obstacles
• mark the corners of the landing site by placing a firefighter at each corner and cordon off to prevent unauthorised entry. Do not use tape or loose materials
• clear all loose debris from the area, e.g. paper bags, cigarette cartons, aluminium cans etc, and secure all NSWFB equipment near the landing site
• in dry, dusty conditions, the landing site may require wetting down to maintain visibility during landing and take off.

During night landings, place a strobe light and two vehicles with beacons flashing facing into the wind and facing inwards at 45° to the approach line with their headlights on. Ensure that the strobe light is turned off once the helicopter has identified or flown over the landing site.

Do not face lights into the aircraft approach path. So not to blind the pilot.

Question 226

Question 244.
Structure Fires in Rural Fire Districts- Where FRNSW is requested to assist the NSW RFS at a structure fire in a rural Fire District who will be the Incident Controller?

Answer 226

The senior officer from the NSW RFS present at the fire will be the Incident Controller.

Question 227

Question 245.
list four safety precautions when using extension ladders.

Answer 227

The maximum number of persons permitted on the ladder at any time is two.
Care to be taken when ascending and descending ladders.
Firefighters climbing the ladder must ensure they have 3 points of contact on the ladder.
A firefighter must always foot the ladder by standing on the anti-slip feet and holding either the rungs or the handles when anybody is on the ladder.
Maintain a working angle of 4:1. For every 4 metres the head of the ladder extends up the wall, the base of the ladder must be a metre from the wall.

Question 228

Question 246.
When must Level 1 or Level 2 Rehabilitation be considered?

Answer 228

• Level 1 Rehab – recommended for small incidents not requiring the response of a specialist incident ground rehabilitation capability. Level 1 Rehab uses equipment carried on front line firefighting appliances. Generally, the Incident Controller (IC) manages Level 1 Rehab.
• Level 2 Rehab – recommended for: − long duration incidents − in circumstances where crew rotation is limited − hot and dry, or cold and wet, conditions − where working conditions are arduous − where breathing apparatus usage and rotation is high, or − where conditions are such that specialist incident ground rehabilitation capabilities are required. Generally, the IC appoints a dedicated Rehabilitation Officer for these incidents.

Question 229

Question 247.
What two items do FRNSW use that lays out safe working practices to manage the safety of firefighters at incidents?

Answer 229

By providing training and doctrine that lays out safe working practices.

Question 230

There are many aspects to ensuring safety at an incident, from the IC implementing the correct strategy, down to the firefighters wearing the right PPE for their assigned tasks. Incident safety can therefore be described in terms of what three levels?

Answer 230

• Task
• Tactical
• Strategic

Question 231

Describe the term Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL).

Answer 231

The short term exposure limit (STEL) is the maximum concentration of a substance to which a worker may be exposed for no more than 15 minutes, 4 times a day over an 8 hour day with 60 minutes between exposures.

Question 232

Question 250.
What safety related worksheet is used as method of documenting hazards or risks and control measures at an incident?

Answer 232

Incident safety worksheet.