LF Questions Flashcards

Question 1

Q

A 6-level building has a fire burning on the 3rd level. Heat smoke and fire gases are gradually rising through vertical openings and spreading to floors above the fire. As per the Firefighters Training Manual, what factors will mostly affect the levels reached by these stratified layers?

Answer

A

the type of fuel in the fire;
size of the fire;
size of the internal openings;
height of the building; and
the weather.

Source: FIREFIGHTERS TRAINING MANUAL TOPIC 2 SECTION 14 PAGE 6, 14.9.3 Stratification of Smoke and Gases

Question 2

Q

A BA team reports to a Breathing Apparatus Control Operator (BACO) two floors below the fire floor at a high-rise structure fire. They provide their BA tallies to the BACO and proceed to the fire floor but remain in the fire stairs for ten minutes before donning BA and beginning firefighting tasks. Ten minutes after that the BACO is trying to contact the Sector Commander urgently stating that they are running low on air when they are not. According to SOGs, what went wrong?

Answer

A

The BA wearers did not notifies the BACO when they don their facemask and begin using their air supply during remote entry. The BACO did not confirm to the IC or their Commander that entry has been made.

Source: RESPIRATORY PROTECTION SOG (NO. 9.4), 6 Remote entry, c, d, Page 2

Question 3

Q

A driver in a road tunnel noticed smoke coming from the engine compartment of their car and immediately pulled into the emergency break down bay and called 000. The Tunnel Control Centre closed the tunnel allowing attending fire crews access to extinguish the fire. Peak hour traffic is starting to build at the entrance to the tunnel and thick smoke is throughout. List the Smoke Management Systems found in road tunnels could assist in clearing the smoke?

Answer

A

longitudinal ventilation (jet fans)
ducted ventilation
natural ventilation
a combination of the above.

Source: SOG LAND TRANSPORT INCIDENTS No. 6.6, 3.3 Ventilation, page 2

Question 4

Q

According STP - Who must give consent for PIP inspections to be conducted on a premises?

Answer

A

PIP inspections shall only be conducted with the consent of the building owner or occupier of the building and in accordance with FRNSW standing orders.

Source: Station Training Program, Topic: Building Inspections & Pre-Incident Planning, Drill:#11, Slide 19

Question 5

Q

According to CASE STUDY 2023-06 on the Intranet, four firefighters injured by unauthorised equipment - During 2020-2021, four firefighters required treatment in hospital after being injured by unauthorised equipment that had been brought into FRNSW workplaces. What is FRNSWs definition of unauthorised equipment as described in the case study?

Answer

A

Unauthorised equipment is any item which is purchased, introduced, or used within an FRNSW workplace that has not first met the requirements of the Procurement Manual.

Source: CASE STUDY 2023-06 Four firefighters injured by unauthorised equipment

Question 6

Q

According to Firefighters Training Manual - The numbers relayed back from FireCOM for the Hazmat Action Guide (HAG) sheet are used to determine PPE, form, hazards, effect with water, action, firefighting, and personnel decontamination. TX at the end of the transmission means there is text. What does the text usually refer to?

Answer

A

This TX or text usually relates to Additional Personal Protection (APP).

Source: FIREFIGHTERS TRAINING MANUAL- TOPIC 7 SECTION 2 PAGE 8, 2.5.1 Correct Identification Procedure, HazMat Action Guide

Question 7

Q

According to Firefighters Training Manual -You attend a house fire at 2am and on arrival notice a small amount of smoke issuing from the ground level of a 2-storey residence. Two cars are parked in the driveway. What three principles should you keep in mind when forcing entry?

Answer

A

enter without undue delay;
enter with the minimum of structural damage; and
enter so as to provide access to as much of the building as possible.

Source: FIREFIGHTERS TRAINING MANUAL TOPIC 2 SECTION 9 PAGE 3 9.5 Forced Entry Principles

Question 8

Q

According to FRNSW Cyber Security policy - Employees are responsible to protect the information they use and manage as part of their daily job. Employees are expected to complete Cyber Security Awareness Training how often?

Answer

A

Annually

Source: Fire and Rescue NSW Cyber Security Policy, 7.1 All employees, page 6

Question 9

Q

According to FRNSW Fatigue Management Procedure - Short-term fatigue management is the management of acute fatigue that may occur as a result of tasks undertaken by firefighters during work hours. As a guide, a break from these tasks should be taken how often?

Answer

A

As a guide, a break from these tasks should be taken at least every four hours.

Source: Fatigue Management Procedure, 6.1.1 Control measures for short-term fatigue risk for firefighters, During working hours, Page 8

Question 10

Q

According to FRNSW Policy Managing Gifts, Benefits and Hospitality Policy and Procedure - Any offer of a gift or benefit in excess of $50 or not token in nature, whether it is accepted or not, must be declared and registered with who?

Answer

A

Declare and register with Professional Standards Source: FRNSW Policy Managing Gifts, Benefits and Hospitality Policy and Procedure

Source: Fatigue Management Procedure, 6.1.1 Control measures for short-term fatigue risk for firefighters, During working hours, Page 8

Question 11

Q

According to Operations Bulletin 2020-04 - Failure to report damage. When an appliance is found to have unreported damage, the Fleet Operations Officer or Regional Maintenance Officer will notify the Station, Duty, and Zone Commander in writing. The responsible station must submit what form within 8 days?

Answer

A

The responsible station must submit an Agency Member Motor Vehicle Claim Form within 8 days.

Source: OPERATIONS BULLETIN 2020-04, Reporting appliance damage and maintenance issues

Question 12

Q

According to Operations Bulletin 2023-02. List the risk management measures that should be taken when attending incidents involving hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV).

Answer

A

Conduct atmospheric monitoring with a four head gas detector for LELs to detect if hydrogen is leaking.
Use a thermal imaging camera (TIC) to identify if hydrogen fire is present.
Conduct thermal checks on the battery using a TIC to determine whether thermal runaway may be occurring within the lithium-ion battery. Increasing temperature is an indication that a thermal runaway event may be occurring. If so, use a hose stream to cool.
Establish an exclusion zone (minimum 15 m) around any hydrogen FCEV incident.

Source: OPERATIONS BULLETIN 2023-02- Hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles

Question 13

Q

According to Recommended practice - To ensure visibility, firefighters must always wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) when working on roadways. List the PPE that can be used.

Answer

A

Structural firefighting coat, Multi-purpose coat, High visibility vest, High-visibility raincoat, Duty wear trousers, Structural firefighting trousers

Source: RP- Personal protective clothing, equipment and uniform 6.3

Question 14

Q

According to Recommended practice - When using the gloves from the electrical safety kit, what is the correct donning sequence?

Answer

A

To wear electrical gloves: Put on electrical gloves first. Put over-gloves on over the electrical gloves to protect the electrical glove from damage. The cuff of the electrical glove must extend beyond the cuff of the over-glove. The cuff of the electrical glove must be above the cuffs and sleeves of your PPC.

Source: RP- Personal protective clothing, equipment and uniform 3.6.4

Question 15

Q

According to Recommended practice, list four safety precautions when using extension ladders.

Answer

A

The maximum number of persons permitted on the ladder at any time is two. Firefighters climbing the ladder must ensure they have 3 points of contact on the ladder. A point of contact is either a hand holding a rung, or a foot firmly placed on a rung. A firefighter must always foot the ladder by standing on the anti-slip feet and holding either the rungs or the handles when anybody is on the ladder. Maintain a working angle of 4:1. For every 4 metres the head of the ladder extends up the wall, the base of the ladder must be a metre from the wall. If the head extends 8 metres up the wall, the base must be 2 metres from the wall, etc.

Source: RP- Extension ladders 3.1.1

Question 16

Q

According to Recommended Practice, state why the thermal imaging camera may or may not be suitable for use in a flammable atmosphere.

Answer

A

Thermal imaging cameras are not intrinsically safe.

Source: RP- Thermal imaging cameras

Question 17

Q

According to Safety Bulletin 2023-03 TIC lanyard entanglement risk - If the TIC needs to be handed between members of firefighting or search and rescue teams what is the safest method to pass to the front firefighter?

Answer

A

If the TIC needs to be handed between members of firefighting or search and rescue teams then it is safest to do so around the side of the body of the front firefighter and not over the shoulder.

Source: SAFETY BULLETIN 2023-03 Thermal imaging camera- Lanyard entanglement risk

Question 18

Q

According to Six Minute Intensive Training - During Firefighting Operations, what does fire attack crew never ignore?

Answer

A

FIRE ATTACK crew never ignores a casualty

Question 19

Q

According to Six Minute Intensive Training – Search and rescue during firefighting operations-The objective of a search is to confirm an ALL CLEAR, this is usually broken into what two components?

Answer

A

The PRIMARY SEARCH is rapid and systematic, usually carried out simultaneously with fire attack, if fire conditions and crew response allow. A SECONDARY SEARCH is more thorough and methodical, undertaken to confirm casualties have not been missed. The secondary search is often conducted once Fire control has been achieved and at times can be done simultaneously with ventilation.

Question 20

Q

According to Six Minute Intensive Training, what is the purpose of placing an appliance in the fend off position?

Answer

A

Six Minute Intensive Training, Subject Area: Personal Safety and Risk Management (STP 6B), Topic: Working safely on roads Source: It uses the appliances bulk and visibility to form a physical barrier protecting FRNSW personnel, other emergency services and patients from oncoming traffic.

Question 21

Q

According to Six Minute Intensive Training-Door entry - What are the door entry techniques that can be used with the Halligan tool?

Answer

A

Inward Adze Roll Technique, Fork Drive, Outward Adze (drive and steer)

Question 22

Q

According to Six Minute Intensive Training-Door entry - What are the five steps to forcing a door?

Answer

A

Size up, gap, set, force, control.

Question 23

Q

According to SOGs - A major goal for the IC is to develop an Incident Action Plan for the incident. What is an incident action plan?

Answer

A

An Incident Action Plan (IAP) describes, at any point in time, the risk assessment, strategy and objectives, incident structure, incident layout, and other relevant information. It is used to manage the incident.

Source: check sheet Incident management – SOG 1.4 Incident action planning, page 1

Question 24

Q

According to SOGs - At a high-rise structure fire, what are the actions of the first arriving Station Commander?

Answer

A

The first Station Commander becomes the Sector Commander for the fire floor, establishes a Forward Control Point and commences fire operations from the floor below the fire

Source: STRUCTURE FIRES SOG (NO. 4.5) PAGE 1, 4.5 HIGH-RISE STRUCTURE FIRES, 8.1 First pump

Question 25

Q

According to SOGs - At a high-rise structure fire, what area provides a safe location with building communications, control equipment and plans?

Answer

A

The Fire Control Room (FCR)

Source: STRUCTURE FIRES SOG (NO. 4.5) PAGE 3, 8.2 Second pump

Question 26

Q

According to SOGs - At any incident, the Incident Commander will consider the incident phase and the risk that may be accepted. List and describe the incident the life at risk phase.

Answer

A

Life at risk phase, where there are salvable human lives. The incident is uncontrolled and requires rapid actions to control the risks to lives. A higher level of risk may be acceptable.

Source: Incident management – SOG 1.4 Incident action planning, 2 Principles, page 1

Question 27

Q

According to SOGs - Decontamination is the process of removing contaminants from people and equipment to prevent further injury and reduce the spread of the contaminant. What are the three ways decontamination can be implemented.

Answer

A

Standard decontamination is implemented where there is no life at risk.
Emergency decontamination is implemented where there is a life at risk (a person is rescued from the Hot Zone), or an immediate response is required due to an accidental contamination.
Mass decontamination is implemented in an unexpected and dangerous situation which must be dealt with immediately where a group of people are contaminated.

Source: Hazardous materials – SOG 10.4 Decontamination, Page 1, 10.4 DECONTAMINATON, 2 Definitions

Question 28

Q

According to SOGs - Describe offensive and defensive firefighting strategies.

Answer

A

Offensive – operating in close proximity to the hazards. Defensive – operating away from the hazards.

Source: Incident management – SOG 1.4 Incident action planning, 2 Principles, page 1

Question 29

Q

According to SOGs - Describe the terms withdraw and abandon as used by the IC to indicate to crews the urgency required to move from offensive to a defensive strategy.

Answer

A

Withdraw – this indicates that firefighters have enough time to exit the structure or the position they are working in, with all their equipment, in a controlled manner. Abandon – this indicates that there is an immediate threat to firefighter lives and the firefighters must exit the structure or position they are working in immediately and only bring equipment with them if it will not compromise their safety.

Source: SOG 1. Incident Management – Incident communications, Change in strategy or position, page 47

Question 30

Q

According to SOGs - During bushfire operations safeguarding strategy is not fire suppression but can be used when defensive operations are not safe. Describe the actions taken in this strategy.

Answer

A

warn – tailored to the current situation and locality
move – support, assist and move, particularly vulnerable people to a safer location
protect – when moving to a safe location is impossible provide protection in whatever form necessary.

Source: SOG Bushfire - SOG 3.1 Guidelines for bushfires, Safeguarding strategy, Page 52

Question 31

Q

According to SOGs - During the de-escalation of an incident, at what stage is command terminated?

Answer

A

Command is only terminated when the last resource leaves the incident.

Source: Incident management – SOG 1.8 Escalation and de-escalation, 3 De-escalation, Principles

Question 32

Q

According to SOGs - Emergency Response Teams have varying levels of skills, equipment, and training. Depending on the hazards involved, the IC must determine, from Pre-Incident Planning and discussion with the Emergency Response Team Leader, their role at an incident. Name three activities Emergency Response Team can participate in.

Answer

A

Specialist advice to the IC relating to hazards, industrial processes and installed fire systems.
Operation of valves and other industrial processes.
Fire attack under the control of NSWFB officers.

Source: STRUCTURE FIRES SOG (NO. 4.9), page 3, 7 Use of Emergency Response Teams

Question 33

Q

According to SOGs - FRNSW has an interagency notification policy, list the reasons NSW Police are required to be notified.

Answer

A

Possible terrorist incident, Crime investigation, Site, crowd, traffic and evacuation management, and Rescue incidents

Source: SOG 1.15 Inter-agency notifications, 3 Agency list, page 1

Question 34

Q

According to SOGs - FRNSW priorities guide the strategy and incident action plan (IAP) for the incident. What are our priorities at an incident?

Answer

A

The first priority is the safety of firefighters.
The second priority is protecting savable lives.
The third priority is protecting savable property and the environment.

Source: Incident management – SOG 1.9 Incident safety, Principles, Risk Management

Question 35

Q

According to SOGs - List and describe the three incident phases.

Answer

A

Life at risk phase – where there are salvable human lives. The incident is uncontrolled and requires rapid actions to control the risks to life.
Expanding phase – where the incident is uncontrolled and likely to expand. It requires rapid actions to control risks to life and property.
Contained phase – there are sufficient resources to contain the incident within the defined area. There is no life at risk, or life or property have already been lost.

Source: SOG 1. Incident Management – Incident action planning, page 35

Question 36

Q

According to SOGs - List the roles of FRNSW at incidents involving bomb threats or detonations?

Answer

A

Support NSW Police Force or the Australian Defence Force (ADF) by protecting life and property from the effects of fires or hazardous materials that may occur.
Act as the lead agency in urban search and rescue (USAR) operations, if required.
If requested, assist NSW Ambulance.

Source: Special incidents – SOG 8.1 Bombs, 8.1 BOMBS, 3 Principles

Question 37

Q

According to SOGs - Materials that contain asbestos are known as asbestos containing materials (ACM). If asbestos is encountered at an incident, as far as practical, employ dust suppression tactics and leave ACM in situ. Provide three examples of dust suppression tactics.

Answer

A

Minimise disturbance – ie restrict salvage and overhaul work.
Keep it lightly dampened down with fog spray.
Apply a bonding agent such as a foam blanket or coloured PVA/water mix.
Bag into marked asbestos containment bags.
Wrap or cover with salvage plastic sheeting.

Source: Hazardous materials – SOG 10.11 Asbestos. 6 Operations, page 3

Question 38

Q

According to SOGs - Occasionally, FRNSW personnel may have to prepare a helicopter landing site. List the points to be considered when doing this.

Answer

A

position the landing site in an area 30 m x 30 m minimum, on solid, level ground away from power lines or wires, and clear of trees or similar obstacles
mark the corners of the landing site by placing a firefighter at each corner and cordon off to prevent unauthorised entry. Do not use tape or loose materials
clear all loose debris from the area, e.g. paper bags, cigarette cartons, aluminium cans etc, and secure all NSWFB equipment near the landing site
in dry, dusty conditions, the landing site may require wetting down to maintain visibility during landing and take off.

Source: SPECIAL APPLIANCES AND EQUIPMENT SOG No. 15.2, 5.5 Landing Sites, page 7,8

Question 39

Q

According to SOGs - Operators of aged care facilities have emergency plans, which include a staged evacuation plan. List the stage numbers including the stage FRNSW would likely be involved.

Answer

A

Stage 1, Stage 2 – FRNSW are likely to be involved from this stage, Stage 3

Source: Structure fires – SOG 4.8 Aged care facilities, Emergency and evacuation plans, page 2

Question 40

Q

According to SOGs - Safety is paramount at all bushfires. A safety briefing must be completed and communicated to firefighters. Firefighters should constantly review LACES. Describe each letter of the acronym LACES.

Answer

A

Lookouts – Fire crews must LOOKOUT and ensure that they have a clear appreciation of current fire behaviour, location and size of the fire in relation to crew location.
Awareness – Firefighters must be aware of what is happening around them
Communications – All fire crews must maintain communication in accordance with the communications plan and ensure safety issues are discussed and addressed immediately.
Escape Routes – At least two escape routes should be agreed and made known to all relevant personnel. The suitability of escape routes should be reviewed continually to ensure they remain effective.
Safety Zones – Safety zones (refuge areas) should be identified and made known to all relevant firefighters. Firefighters need to consider escape time and safety zone size requirements, which may change as fire behaviour changes.

Source: Guidelines for bushfires – SOG 3.1 Bushfires, 3 Safety, page 1

Question 41

Q

According to SOGs - Standards Australia refers to Breathing Apparatus (BA) as supplied air respirators. Fire and Rescue NSW uses positive pressure supplied air respirators to provide the highest level of protection. Name and describe them.

Answer

A

Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Extended duration breathing apparatus (EDBA): An SCBA set in twin cylinder configuration which allows firefighters to work for approximately twice the time as single cylinder SCBA.
Airline respirator: An extension facemask with an airline supplied from a source of compressed air.

Source: RESPIRATORY PROTECTION SOG (NO. 9.1) PAGE 1, 9.1 USE OF RESPIRATORY PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT, 4.1 Supplied air respirators

Question 42

Q

According to SOGs - Structure Fires in Rural Fire Districts- Where FRNSW is requested to assist the NSW RFS at a structure fire in a rural Fire District who will be the Incident Controller?

Answer

A

Tthe senior officer from the NSW RFS present at the fire will be the Incident Controller.

Source: INCIDENT CONTROL SYSTEM SOG (No. 1.11) GUIDELINE 11 PAGE 1, 11.4 Structure Fires in Rural Fire Districts

Question 43

Q

According to SOGs - The Emergency Control Organisation may consist of people identified by coloured helmets, hats, caps, vests, or tabards. Name the members and the identifying colour.

Answer

A

White- Chief warden, Deputy chief warden, Communications officer, Yellow- Floor warden, Area wardens, Red- Wardens, White cross on a green background- First aid officer

Source: STRUCTURE FIRES SOG (NO. 4.9) PAGE 1 4.9 WARDENS AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE TEAMS, 4 Identifying members of an ECO

Question 44

Q

According to SOGs - The risk of developing asbestos related disease depends on many factors. List three factors.

Answer

A

Concentration of exposure
Duration of exposure
Fibre characteristics
Other exposures

Source: SOG 10.11 Asbestos – Asbestos risks, Health Effects, Page 31

Question 45

Q

According to SOGs - The status of a bushfire is the degree to which it is under control. What terminology is to be used in radio messages and sitreps to FireCOM?

Answer

A

Going, Being Controlled, Contained, Patrol, Out

Source: Status of bushfire – SOG 3.1 Guidelines for bushfires, 6 Status of bushfire, Page 18

Question 46

Q

According to SOGs - There are many aspects to ensuring safety at an incident, from the IC implementing the correct strategy, down to the firefighters wearing the right PPE for their assigned tasks. Incident safety can therefore be described in terms of what three levels?

Answer

A

Task
Tactical
Strategic

Source: SOG 1.9 Incident safety – Incident safety, Levels of risk management – Task, Tactical and Strategic, page 9

Question 47

Q

According to SOGs - There are many duties of the BA Control Operator, list five.

Answer

A

Establish BA Control as close to the entry/exit point as possible.
Check and enter all details on the BA Control Board.
Ensure that BA team members are identified by a call sign determined by the incident communications plan.
Calculate and monitor entry and exit times.
Monitor all radio communications within the sector.
When exit time is reached:
*Immediately contact the individual wearer or BA team leader.
*If unable to contact, notify their Commander.
*Activate the RIT immediately when required and notify the IC.
Indicate to exiting BA crews the locations of the BA staging area and Rehabilitation Area.
Provide updates to their Commander as required. A second radio transceiver may be required for communicating on the tactical channel.
Ensure BA Control Boards clearly show when extended duration BA (EDBA) is in use. This is indicated by the red tag from the EDBA twin manifold being attached to the wearer’s yellow tally on the board.
Ensure BA Control Boards clearly show when aerial appliance operators are wearing BA.
Ensure BA Control Boards clearly show when extension facemasks are in use:
*With air trolley BA (ATBA).
*On aerial appliances.
*With auxiliary facemask from another BA set.
*With an extension airline from a standalone BA set.
Notifying the IC or Sector/Group Commander if they require assistance.

Source: RESPIRATORY PROTECTION SOG (NO. 9.4) 4 Duties of BA Control Operators, page 1

Question 48

Q

According to SOGs - There are three strategies used during bushfires operations. Name and describe them.

Answer

A

An offensive strategy aims at immediately limiting fire spread, while a defensive strategy aims at life. A safeguarding strategy is used when offensive or defensive strategies are no longer viable with intense fires under the worst conditions, the actions during safeguarding strategy, while not fire suppression, warns, escorts (moves) and protects community members to ensure their safety.

Source: Operations – SOG 3.1 Guidelines for bushfires, Methods of attacking bushfires, Page 47, Page 3

Question 49

Q

According to SOGs - To minimise the risk of heat related illness, what is the minimum level of PPE that should be worn at a bushfire.

Answer

A

Level 2 PPE must be worn.

Source: SOG 3.1 Guidelines for bushfires – 2 Personal protective equipment Page 9

Question 50

Q

According to SOGs - Twin bore tunnels, where traffic flows occur in separate tunnels, the tunnels are usually separated by 4-hour fire-resisting construction. Crossover passages between the tunnels are usually how many metres apart?

Answer

A

120 metres apart

Source: LAND TRANSPORT INCIDENTS SOG No. 6.6 PAGE 1, 6.6 ROAD TUNNEL INCIDENTS, 3.1 Emergency egress/access

Question 51

Q

According to SOGs - What are the terms used in an initial radio report, to indicate the size of a structure at a fire incident.

Answer

A

The terms small, medium, large, very large and mega

Source: SOG 1. Incident Management – Incident communications, Structure fire size, page 47

Question 52

Q

According to SOGs - What are the three basic principles for communication at incidents?

Answer

A

To use the principles of ICS and ensure an effective span of control; to establish a flow of information at all levels of the incident, without overwhelming the IC or ComCen with superfluous data; and to ensure the safety of firefighters by using effective communication.

Source: COMMUNICATIONS SOG (No. 2.1) GUIDELINE 1 PAGE 1, 1.4 Communication principles

Question 53

Q

According to SOGs - What are three types of radiation.

Answer

A

Alpha radiation, Beta radiation, Gamma rays and X-rays, Neutrons

Source: SOG 10.9 Radiological incidents, 2 Types of radiation, Page 4

Question 54

Q

According to SOGs - What can P2 particle masks be used to protect against?

Answer

A

Known low concentrations of inert dust, such as those produced when cutting metal or wood. Concrete, stone and masonry cutting operations where the work piece can be kept wet. The particles, but not the gases such as CO, in bushfire smoke. Contamination by body fluids.

Source: RESPIRATORY PROTECTION SOG (NO. 9.1), PAGE 2 CHECK SHEET

Question 55

Q

According to SOGs - What is the unit of measurement for external radiation?

Answer

A

microsievert (μSv), one millionth of a sievert.

Source: SOG 10.9 Radiological incidents 3 Radiation dose, page 6, 4 Minimising exposure to radiation, Page 8

Question 56

Q

According to SOGs - What safety related worksheet is used as method of documenting hazards or risks and control measures at an incident?

Answer

A

Incident safety worksheet

Source: SOG 1.9 Incident safety – How to manage risk at incidents, page 21

Question 57

Q

According to SOGs - What two items do FRNSW use that lays out safe working practices to manage the safety of firefighters at incidents?

Answer

A

Training and doctrine

Source: SOG 1.9 Incident safety – Incident safety, Organisational strategies, page 8

Question 58

Q

According to SOGs - When an LPG container is involved in fire, what area of the container is considered most crucial and a high priority area for cooling?

Answer

A

The container’s vapour space (area above the liquid) is most crucial and is to be considered a high priority area for cooling.

Source: HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SOG (No. 10.10) GUIDELINE 10, PAGE 1, 10.3.6

Question 59

Q

According to SOGs - When must Level 1 or Level 2 Rehabilitation be considered?

Answer

A

At all emergency incidents and training exercises involving strenuous physical activity, long duration activities, or severe environmental conditions.

Source: INCIDENT/EMERGENCY SUPPORT SOG (NO. 18.3), 3 Levels of rehabilitation, page 1

Question 60

Q

According to SOGs - When referring to storage facilities describe- * Bulk * Flatbed storage * Ventilated * Sealed

Answer

A

bulk more than 4 tonnes (net), or more than 4 cubic metres of a substance, not in individual packages.
flatbed storage a single level building or other structure designed for the storage of solids in bulk of more than 40 tonnes.
ventilated containers open to the atmosphere, including silos with explosion vents that have activated.
sealed a grain container is sealed during fumigation and semi sealed at other times – includes semi-sealed and oxygen limiting containers

Source: SPECIAL INCIDENTS SOG (NO. 8.2) PAGE 1, 8.2 BULK SOLIDS STORAGE FACILITIES (SILOS), 3 Definitions

Question 61

Q

According to SOGs - When using a hydrant booster, the IC will instruct the pump operator to run the hydrant booster system in one of three modes. List all three.

Answer

A

Stand by mode, Activation mode, deactivation mode

Source: STRUCTURE FIRES SOG No. 4.11 PAGE 5, 9 Hydrant booster use

Question 62

Q

According to SOGs -As an incident develops and crews become fatigued, they will need to be rested. Name and describe the two ways crews can be rested.

Answer

A

Crews can be rested in one of the following ways:
* Recycle – Crew stops work for a short period just outside the Hot Zone, to rest, rehydrate, and replenish air cylinders if relevant. They remain accountable to IC or Sector, Group or Division commander (SGD Commander), as per the incident structure.
* Full rehabilitation – Crew is released and moves to the rehabilitation area. Once there, they are accountable to a Rehabilitation Officer.

Source: SOG 1. Incident Management – Deployment, page 21

Question 63

Q

According to SOGs- Bushfire classes are determined by the level of resources committed to the fire, and its potential impact on the community, economy, essential infrastructure, and not its size. Describe a Class 3 bushfire?

Answer

A

A bush fire has assumed or is likely to assume such proportions as to be incapable of control or suppression by the fire fighting authority or authorities in whose area or locality it is burning, orthe prevailing conditions are conducive to the outbreak of a bush fire likely to assume such proportions, ora bush fire is not being effectively controlled or suppressed by the fire fighting authority or authorities in whose area or locality it is burning, ora bush fire is burning in a place that is not the responsibility of any fire fighting authority.

Source: SOG 3.1 Guidelines for bushfires – Classes of bushfire, Rural Fires Act 1997 No 65, 44Commissioner’s responsibility

Question 64

Q

According to SOGs When dealing with radiological incidents, the first priority is to minimise the exposure to radiation while rendering the incident safe. What are the main considerations for protecting people at radiological incidents?

Answer

A

Time – minimise the duration of exposure.
Distance – maximise the distance from the radiological source.
Shielding – maximise shielding between the radiological source and people.

Source: Hazardous materials – SOG 10.9 Radiological incidents, 3 Safety, page 1

Answer 65

A

If care is refused, observe the patient until the ambulance arrives.

Source: Medical – SOG 12.1 Community first responder, 8 Refusal of care, page 2

Answer 66

A

Take the CAN (conditions, actions, needs) format.

Source: Incident management system – SOG 3.1 Guidelines for bushfires, Fundamental principles, Page 16

Answer 67

A

Environment Protection Authority, Roads and Maritime Services Transport for NSW.

Source: Incident management – SOG 1.15 Inter-agency notifications, 3 Agency list

Answer 68

A

More fully size up the incident.
Directly supervise the crew.
Assist the crew with task level work if needed.
Take advantage of the limited window of opportunity available while the incident is in its early stages.

Source: Command – SOG 1. Incident Management, Fast attack, page 24

Answer 69

A

The term all clear indicates that primary and secondary searches have been completed

Source: Incident communications – SOG 1. Incident Management, Standard message terminology, page 46

Answer 70

A

20 minutes

Source: Utilities – SOG 14.5 Substations, 4 Underground vaults, page 2

Answer 71

A

Decontamination Officer, Wash Operator, Wash Assistant, Disrobe Assistant, Pump Operator

Source: Hazardous materials – SOG 10.4 Decontamination, 6 Operations, Standard decontamination, page 2

Answer 72

A

Decontamination is the process of removing contaminants from people and equipment to prevent further injury and reduce the spread of the contaminant.

Source: Hazardous materials – SOG 10.4 Decontamination, 10.4 DECONTAMINATON, 2 Definitions, page 1

Answer 73

A

A Code 6 must be transmitted: Immediately it becomes apparent to the Officer-in-Charge (OIC) of an FRNSW appliance that they have received a call to an incident located within a Rural Fire District, or With the Code 1 (responding) message if it is known

Source: Communications – SOG 2.5 Standard radio codes, 4 Code 6, PAGE 2

Answer 74

A

Catastrophic, Extreme, High, Moderate, No rating

Source: Guidelines for bushfires – SOG 3.1 Bushfires, 4 Fire danger ratings and alert levels, page 2

Answer 75

A

Firefighters should consider that: intruders may still be in the building; a real fire may have set off motion detectors and activated the smoke screen device.

Source: Standing Order- Smoke screen security devices, 2 Safety precautions, Page 62

Answer 76

A

Any member of the crews participating in the activity can complete the report, provided that they have direct knowledge of the information they are submitting.

Source: Standing Orders- COMMUNITY ACTIVITY REPORTING SYSTEM, 5 Who can submit a CARS report, Page 389

Answer 77

A

A minimum of four new PIPs a year must be completed by each platoon

Source: Standing Orders- AREA RISK MANAGEMENT, Pre incident planning, 1 Policy, Page 143

Answer 78

A

The purpose of hydrant inspections is to: ensure that hydrants work when needed notify water authorities of problems with hydrants, and familiarise crews with hydrants in their area.

Source: Standing Orders- WATER SUPPLY, Hydrant inspections, 1 Purpose, Page 138

Answer 79

A

The people who are authorised to ride on an appliance are:
* firefighters in the course of their duty;
* employees of Fire and Rescue NSW whose duty requires their attendance at an emergency;
* members of other emergency services at the discretion of the member in charge; or
* other persons authorised by the Commissioner.

Source: Standing Orders- RIDING ON FIRE AND RESCUE NSW’S APPLIANCES page 40

Answer 80

A

All Fire and Rescue NSW employees are required to wear a seat belt, properly adjusted, when travelling in Fire and Rescue NSW vehicles. Any member travelling on a vehicle (including a water tanker) is to be seated inside the vehicle and must wear a seat belt

Source: Standing Orders, Page 38

Answer 81

A

Advise the other driver to contact Fire and Rescue NSW’s Fleet Unit in the first instance to obtain the relevant claim number and contact details for Fire and Rescue NSW’s insurers. Drivers of Fire and Rescue NSW vehicles involved in accidents are to be suspended from driving for the balance of the shift on duty unless the exigencies of the service dictate to the contrary. Generally a member of the permanent staff will be reinstated by an officer above the rank of Station Officer at the next rostered shift unless there are contrary circumstances such as medical evidence or unmistakable evidence that the persons suspended may cause injury to persons or damage to property by neglect or lack of skill if reinstated. The reinstatement to be effected by verbal instruction and occurrence book entry at the station concerned. Any additional suspension from driving, in connection with a particular incident, to be as a result of the findings of an inquiry. Station Commanders and supervisors must complete an Agency member motor vehicle claim form for all accidents involving Fire and Rescue NSW vehicles, including fire appliances, and submit it to their Duty Commander or manager with a covering memo explaining how the accident occurred. The Duty Commander or manager must undertake an initial investigation of the accident to determine if any action is required. The Agency member motor vehicle claim form must then be forwarded to the Fleet Management Unit who will process the insurance claim. If the accident involved an injury, illness, exposure or near miss, a Notification of injury, illness, exposure or near miss form must also be submitted.

Source: Standing Orders, Page 44-45

Answer 82

A

Cause can be accidental, natural, incendiary or undetermined

Source: Station Training Program, Fire Safety and Fire Investigation, #12, Fire Investigation, Slide 4

Answer 83

A

The explosion can occur up to 24 hours after the cylinder is removed from the fire or heat source, if it is not cooled.

Source: STP 01 Specials slide 44

Answer 84

A

The IC must be the only person to deploy resources.

Source: STP IM Presentation (PDF)

Answer 85

A

Checking concealed spaces, including ducting and pipework with the TIC. Closing windows and moving flammable material away from windows. Always having charged lines of host. Maintaining communication with outside crews, who can report any externally visible indicators of changed fire activity

Source: Station Training Program, Multi-Level Complex Fires, #19, High Rise, slide 16

Answer 86

A

On-site consultation: determine whether it is appropriate to turn solar power system off and how best to do so.
Assume switchboard is live: Don electrical safety gloves then over-gloves. Have your helmet visor down and look away.
Follow the shutdown procedure: This may be on or near the switchboard or inverter. If not found, turn off the inverter main switch then turn off the solar panel main switch.
Consider if benefits outweigh risks: Restrict work as far as reasonably practical to that required to protect life or prevent dangerous expansion of the incident.
Isolate the power: If required, have the owner/occupier contact their electrician to isolate the power

Source: Station Training Program Topic: Utilities & Structures Drill: #32 Name: Electricity and fires involving electrical hazards, slide 22

Answer 87

A

Yourself (and other rescuers), Others (not involved eg; bystanders), Unfortunate (person/s involved).

Source: Station Training Program, Rescue Drill #30 Road Crash Rescue, Page 26

Answer 88

A

Conduct firefighting from the ground or an aerial appliance. Do not get onto the roof to extinguish the fire. Do not put a ladder against the roof as the gutter may be electrified.
Extinguish the fire with a spray nozzle, using a pulse spray in a dispersed pattern. If the solar panel is at ground level, consider using CO2 to extinguish the fire, ensuring that there is at least 250 mm air gap between the CO2 extinguisher nozzle and any electrified components.

Source: Station Training Program Topic: Utilities & Structures Drill: #32 Name: Electricity and fires involving electrical hazards, slide 23

Answer 89

A

“S” Lay and Cleveland Load

Source: STP #9 Firefighting Operations page 11-12

Answer 90

A

Care must be taken to anticipate the jet reaction and ensure the operator is in the appropriate stance. Once the initial jet reaction has been released, the hose line and branch itself is easier to handle and lighter than a standard water filled hose.
Slug flow- if you experience slug flow, notify the motor driver so that they can adjust the settings at the pump.
A CAFS line must never be used for an internal attack, that is because the mixture does not contain enough water to cool the hot fire gasses. This will result in dangerous conditions that goes against our SOG’s for internal firefighting.

Source: STP 01 Specials slide 28

Answer 91

A

Structural PPE and SCBA. Evacuate all persons from the immediate area. Remove all sources of ignition. Respond Gas company. Only use intrinsically safe equipment. Dampen ground around the site of the gas release to prevent static electricity. Keep protection line in place using fog. If possible crimp line to stop release of gas

Source: STP 01 Specials slide 39

Answer 92

A

Excluding the fire’s supply of oxygen (smothering). Suppressing flammable vapours to stop them from igniting. Cooling the surface temperature to prevent re-ignition

Source: Station Training Program, Topic: Specials, Flammable Liquids and Gases, slide 9

Answer 93

A

Wear SCBA and a full set of firefighting clothing. Perform atmospheric monitoring using a gas detector

Source: Station Training Program, Residential Structure Fires, #15, Salvage & Overhaul, slide 23

Answer 94

A

Line Defence- Protect the perimeter of a property until resources are sufficient for an offensive attack.
Ember Defence- Firefighter focus is on extinguishing embers and spot fires around structures.
Backstop defence- Firefighters retreat while fire front passes and move back in to save savable structures afterwards.

Source: Station Training Program, Bushfire, #23, Bushfire Equipment, Extinguishment, Safety, and Control Strategies Slides 19-21

Answer 95

A

Do not start to apply foam unless you have enough to extinguish the fire or cover the fuel spill
Point branch away from fire until good finished foam is being produced
You cannot mix different foam concentrates

Source: STP 01 Specials slide 16

Answer 96

A

ODOURLESS, COLOURLESS, HEAVIER THAN AIR

Source: Station Training Program, Topic: Specials, Flammable Liquids and Gases, slide 32

Answer 97

A

TIC, Infrared thermometer, wetting test

Source: Station Training Program, Topic: Specials, Flammable Liquids and Gases, slide 41

Answer 98

A

Heated or extremely low temperatures.
Oxygen deficient or enriched environment.
Toxic atmospheres.
Smoke.

Source: Station Training Program Topic: Hazardous Atmospheres – SCBA Drill: #22 Name: Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus

Answer 99

A

Incident phase (Life at Risk, Expanding, Contained).
Fire attack crews (small residential house, possibly 1 crew with line of 38mm hose to achieve fire control).
Search & Rescue Crews (1 x crew to achieve All Clear).
Exposure Protection (1 crew to speak to neighbouring premises and evacuated houses who could then be re-tasked for salvage & overhaul).
Decontamination (1 motor driver to establish firefighter decontamination).
On Deck Crew.
Salvage & Overhaul.
Police, Ambulance & Utilities

Source: Station Training Program, Incident Management # 16, slide 7

Answer 100

A

Level 2 PPE- Multi-purpose helmet, Goggles, Multi-purpose Jacket, GP gloves, Firefighting Gloves (Direct attack), Duty wear trousers, FF boots, P2

Source: Station Training Program, Bushfire, #23, Bushfire Equipment, Extinguishment, Safety, and Control Strategies, slide 9

Answer 101

A

Water

Source: Station Training Program, Topic: Specials, Extinguishing Methods for Rubber Fires, slide 28

Answer 102

A

boiling-liquid-expanding-vapour explosion (BLEVE)

Source: Station Training Program, Topic: Specials, Flammable Liquids and Gases, slide 39

Answer 103

A

The mayday drag

Answer 104

A

Gas cooling and hose stream techniques

Source: STP #8 Operational Firefighting page 13

Answer 105

A

It is used at every incident FRNSW attends

Source: Home - Toolkits - Operational - Incident Management - Incident Management System

Answer 106

A

Building - SMOKE, AIR TRACK, HEAT & FLAME

Source: STP #8 Operational Firefighting page 7

Answer 107

A

At EICIE (Chief Wardens Handset), Within 4 m of exit within each emergency zone, Within 4 m of exit on each storey, Within emergency lift shafts, Adjacent to FDCIE if remote from EICIE

Source: Station Training Program, Multi-Level Complex Fires, #18, Fire Detection & Suppression Systems, Part 3 of 3 – Fire Detection Systems, Slide 33

Answer 108

A

The Class of building is a measure of the building’s likely: use; fire load; population; and mobility of the occupants, such as whether they are sleeping or alert.

Source: STP #11 Fire Safety & Fire Investigation, Page 11

Answer 109

A

Deployment, Command, Situation evaluation, Incident action planning, Incident communications, Incident structure, Review and revision, Escalation and de-escalation

Source: STP IM Presentation (PDF)

Answer 110

A

Stage 1- Abuse factor. Thermal, electrical or mechanical abuse.
Stage 2- Off-gas generation. Occurs regardless of cell form-factor.
Stage 3- Smoke generation. Catastrophic failure is imminent.
Stage 4- Fire generation. Likelihood of propagation drastically increases.

Source: Station Training Program, Topic: Specials, Drill: #02, Bulk Storage, Dust, Cladding, Plastics, Metal, and Rubber Fires Slide 37

Answer 111

A

Open Circuit relay and Closed circuit relay

Source: SPT 7A

Answer 112

A

One firefighter to wear full structural turnout PPC and SCBA. A manned line of 38mm hose charged to 400kPa, pump with recirculation valve open. If a fire occurs, charge to 800kPa at the pump to achieve 700kpa at the branch

Source: Station Training Program Topic: Rescue Drill: #29 Name: Participate In a Rescue Operation (PIRO)

Answer 113

A

An ES sticker

Source: Station Training Program Topic: Utilities & Structures Drill: #32 Name: Electricity and fires involving electrical hazards, slide 24

Answer 114

A

Main stop valve
Test drain
Sprinkler test facility
Sprinkler alarm valve
System pressure gauge
Deluge valve
Water supply with water supply pressure gauge

Source: Station Training Program, Multi-Level Complex Fires, #18, Fire Detection & Suppression Systems, Part 2 of 3 – Fire Sprinkler Systems, slide 9

Answer 115

A

Isolate power source, Establish an exclusion zone

Answer 116

A

Contribute to the station’s community prevention, risk reduction planning and engagement programs and activities. Attend fire and other emergency incidents providing expert knowledge and assistance commensurate with rank. Contribute to the Station’s operational readiness, including the maintenance of appliances, tools and equipment. Assist with investigations into the cause of fires. Support the Station Officer in actions to achieve FRNSW’s goals of protecting life, property and other initiatives under the Plus Plan. Undertake station duties including the completion of records, reports, correspondence and returns to facilitate the general running of the station

Source: Sharepoint, People and Culture, Firefighter

Answer 117

A

Immediate or as soon as possible.

Source: After Action Review Policy, 4.3 Types of After-Action Reviews, Page7

Answer 118

A

there is a total fire ban (TOBAN)
the EPA has issued a No-Burn Notice (unless prior exemption has been granted)
the Fire Behaviour Index (FBI) is greater than 23

Source: Bushfire Hazard Reduction Policy, 4.1 Prescribed burning - FRNSW conducting, page 5

Answer 119

A

removal of bushfire fuels, bush regeneration/weed removal from authorised activities eg Landcare on behalf of local council, agricultural activities.

Source: Bushfire hazard reduction procedure, 2.3 Pile burning, page 4

Answer 120

A

Simple and complex.

Source: Bushfire hazard reduction procedure, 2.1 Prescribed burning delineation, page 3

Answer 121

A

A Hazard is anything with potential to harm. It can be an object or a task. A risk is the harm that may occur to a person exposed to a hazard

Source: Station Training Program, Personal Safety and Wellbeing, #06, Personal Safety and Risk Management, slide 4

Answer 122

A

During the declared Bush Fire Danger Period = 7 days maximum

Source: Home - Toolkits - Operational - Bushfire - Fire Permits

Answer 123

A

A fire permit takes into accountthe safety aspect of the planned fire.

Source: Home - Toolkits - Operational - Bushfire - Fire Permits

Answer 124

A

There has been a loss of life at a fire, or a person is not expected to live from their injuries,or The fire is considered major (i.e. 4thAlarm or above, significant community impact or unusual fire behaviour),or The Origin and Cause of the fire is not apparent.

Source: Home - Toolkits - Operational - Fire Investigation - Requesting FIRU

Answer 125

A

The explosive chemical reaction must occur in a confined space.

Source: FIREFIGHTERS TRAINING MANUAL- TOPIC 3 SECTION 8 PAGE 4, 8.4 Conditions Required

Answer 126

A

it is likely to damage cargo; it may react dangerously with cargo; it can affect a ship’s stability; it always presents a danger of flooding; and NSWFB equipment may not fit shipboard connections.

Source: FIREFIGHTERS TRAINING MANUAL TOPIC 3 SECTION 2 PAGE 26, 2.5.2 Fire Suppression Systems

Answer 127

A

Trunk mains that supply water from the original source to a secondary distribution point. Distributary mains that supply water from the secondary distribution point to sub-divided areas such as a suburb. Reticulation mains that feed off distributary mains and feed individual streets and buildings.

Source: FIREFIGHTERS TRAINING MANUAL TOPIC 2 SECTION 4 PAGE 1, 4.2.1 Mains

Answer 128

A

civil; military; and helicopters (civil and military).

Source: FIREFIGHTERS TRAINING MANUAL TOPIC 3 SECTION 1 PAGE 1, 1.2 Construction of Aircraft

Answer 129

A

the seat of the fire has been located; crews are ready to enter with charged hose lines; back-up crews are ready to enter; and communications have been established amongst all crews.

Source: FIREFIGHTERS TRAINING MANUAL TOPIC 2 SECTION 14 PAGE 2IC 2 SECTION 4 PAGE 6, 14.4 Conditions Required before Ventilating

Answer 130

A

The amount of heat required to vaporise a unit weight of the extinguishing medium.

Source: FIREFIGHTERS TRAINING MANUAL TOPIC 2 SECTION 2 PAGE 2, Table 2A Cooling Process Terms and Definitions

Answer 131

A

The amount of heat absorbed for any given increase in temperature.

Source: FIREFIGHTERS TRAINING MANUAL TOPIC 2 SECTION 2 PAGE 2, Table 2A Cooling Process Terms and Definitions

Answer 132

A

hazardous material incident means an actual or impending land-based spillage or other escape of hazardous material that causes or threatens to cause injury or death or damage to property.

Source: Part 1, 3 Definitions

Answer 133

A

Smoke alarms are to be mounted onto surfaces using heavy duty double-sided tape

Source: FRNSW smoke alarm installation procedure, 7 Installing a smoke alarm, 7.1 Method of installation, page 6

Answer 134

A

Metals (eg copper, aluminium, steel) – including ladders, fences, guttering, roofing
Human body
Timber and trees
Flame and dense smoke
Vehicle tyres
Some fire extinguishing mediums
Wet or dirty rope
Water – including hose lines

Source: GUIDELINE SUPPORT DOCUMENT – Electricity, Page 14

Answer 135

A

It indicates the number of cylinders of C02 required.

Source: SOG 14.5 Substations, 4 Underground vaults page 2

Answer 136

A

Stay away from the hazard. Always regard it as live until you know otherwise.
Assess the risks from at least 8 metres away from the hazard.
If suspected to be electrically hazardous, establish an Exclusion Zone.
Have the electricity company isolate power.
When leaving the incident site, if possible, provide information to the owner or other responsible person on the hazards still present at the site and the control measures in place.

Source: GUIDELINE SUPPORT DOCUMENT – Electricity, Page 15

Answer 137

A

The voltage gradient varies depending on:
* Composition of the ground – eg concrete, road surface, soil
* Moisture content
* Voltage of the electrical source

Source: GUIDELINE SUPPORT DOCUMENT – Electricity, Page 11

Answer 138

A

Direct contact transmission with blood or body substances, Indirect contact transmission, Droplet transmission, Airborne transmission, Gastrointestinal transmission, Vector borne (Zoonotic) transmission.

Source: Infection prevention and control manual, 5.1.2 Methods of transmission, Page 5

Answer 139

A

Resetting of the alarm may only be carried out by FRNSW.

Source: RFS and FRNSW Memorandum of Understanding, 4.3, Page 6

Answer 140

A

Workplace bullying is repeated and unreasonable behaviour directed towards a worker or a group of workers that creates a risk to health and safety

Source: Preventing and Managing Unreasonable Behaviour and Bullying Policy

Answer 141

A

At least 24 hours in advance.

Source: Arrangements for full or part change of shift, 3.Approval process, How to apply

Answer 142

A

Replacement firefighters must have similar qualifications required to meet the needs of the position being filled on the particular shift, e.g. rescue, hazmat, pumper or aerial operator qualifications.

Source: Arrangements for full or part change of shift, 2.Conditions for full or part change of shift, Qualifications of replacements

Answer 143

A

All extinguishers are inspected and serviced by a competent person six monthly, annually and five yearly

Source: SIMS: Extinguishers

Answer 144

A

Eflare or strobe kit, the Hazard Ahead sign, barrier and hazmat Hot Zone tape, witches hats, breakdown road triangles, and yellow marking paint.

Source: SIMS: Warning gear

Answer 145

A

STRAIGHT TALK™

Source: Home - Toolkits - About You - Conduct - Respectful Workplaces

Answer 146

A

Employee Assistance Program (EAP)

Source: Home - Toolkits - Organisation Wide - Health, Fitness and Wellbeing - Mental Fitness - Support - Employee Assistance Program

Answer 147

A

Each FRNSW-owned or leased workplace is inspected by 31 May each year.

Source: Home - Toolkits - Organisation Wide - Workplace Safety - Annual Workplace Safety Inspections

Answer 148

A

If the injured person is unable to submit the report, their Supervisor or co-worker can submit it on their behalf.

Source: Home - Toolkits - Organisation Wide - Workplace Safety - NIIENM

Answer 149

A

Career development, Operational capability (skills and qualifications development), Compassionate issues/staff welfare, Location based transfers, Performance /disciplinary

Source: Mobility and Transfer –Policy& Procedure, Transfer types, PAGE 4

Answer 150

A

SIRA Poster - If you get injured at work, Commissioner’s Safety Statement, Safety and Wellbeing Plan 2021-2022, FRNSW Return to Work Policy and Program Summary, Workplace Evacuation Diagrams, WHS Issue Resolution Flowchart, Guide - NIIENM Submission Workflow, Safety information and Contacts, Safety Representatives Template, First Aid Officers Template (not necessary for stations), Fire Warden Template (not necessary for stations)

Source: Home - Toolkits - Organisation Wide - Workplace Safety - WHS Notice Board

Answer 151

A

A Notification of Injury, Illness, Exposure and Near Miss (NIIENM) form should be completed. NIIENMs should be submitted within 24 hours of occurrence.

Source: Home - Toolkits - Organisation Wide - Workplace Safety - NIIENM

Answer 152

A

The appropriate bag for the type of contaminant: ( Asbestos containment bags where asbestos is a suspected contaminant. Yellow clinical waste bags for waste produced from providing first aid. Clear contaminated gear bags for other contaminants, including smoke). Cable ties or strong tape to seal the bags. A contaminated equipment tag to attach to the bag with relevant details.

Source: Bagging contaminated gear Work instruction, 2 Equipment

Answer 153

A

NSW Police will determine which emergency service will send a Rescue unit to rescue incidents.

Source: COMMUNICATIONS SOG (No. 2.3) PAGE 16, 7 Rescue incidents

Answer 154

A

one to four

Source: Station Training Program, Multi-Level Complex Fires, #20, Tactical Ventilation, Slide 38

Answer 155

A

SOFA FORM (SUMMARY OF OBSERVATIONS & FIREFIGHTER ACTIONS)

Source: Protect and preserve 2021

Answer 156

A

1 x pair of insulating gloves 1 x pair of leather overgloves 2 x non-contact AC voltage detectors, either Modiewark Rescue or GLM Mini Rescue

Source: SIMS Worksheet: Electrical safety kit

Answer 157

A

The fan should be set back approximately the height of the door.

Source: Station Training Program, Multi-Level Complex Fires, #20, Tactical Ventilation, Slide 40

Answer 158

A

Integrity Service Trust Accountability

Source: FRNSW Code of Conduct and Ethics

Answer 159

A

Worsening fire/smoke conditions
Signs of structural collapse
Previously unknown hazards e.g. Acetylene
Emergency Radio Message signaling: Loss of PAR, Change to a Defensive Strategy via an order from the I.C. to Withdraw or Abandon

Answer 160

A

Confirmation of address.
Conditions: Brief description of the incident; obvious critical factors including hazards.
Actions: Initial incident action plan (IAP); assumption of command and naming of incident; strategy.
Needs: Increase of alarm level as per the Alarm Response Protocol (ARP), or, in areas where this does not operate, request for particular resources as per local arrangements

Source: SOG 1. Incident Management – Incident communications, Example – Initial radio report, page 49

Answer 161

A

The IAP describes, at any point in time, the risk assessment, strategy and objectives, incident structure, layout of the incident, and any other relevant information.

Source: Incident management – SOG 1.4 Incident action planning, 1.4 INCIDENT ACTION PLANNING, 2 Principles, page 2

Answer 162

A

Firefighters must complete a Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PARQ) prior to undertaking their Fitness Drill.

Source: Home - Toolkits - Organisation Wide - Health, Fitness and Wellbeing - Fitness Drill Program

Answer 163

A

The NSW Police Force is responsible for co-ordinating rescue operations and for determining the priorities of action to be taken in rescue operations.

Source: Division 3, 50, Page 34

Answer 164

A

With a view to avoiding serious accidents at intersections when responding to an emergency, drivers of responding vehicles approaching a stop sign or red signal light must slow down and enter the intersection at a speed of not more than 8 kph. Having assessed the traffic conditions, and determined that it is safe to proceed, the driver may then continue across the intersection. Whenever passing through the stop sign or red light would involve the vehicle in an accident, the driver must come to a halt and not move off again until it is safe to proceed.

Source: Standing Orders, Page 28

Answer 165

A

The IC did not specify a minimum number of spare resources required in Staging to the Staging Officer.

Source: Incident management – SOG 1.1 Deployment, 2 Principles, Pre-deployment and Staging, page

Answer 166

A

I can not comment on this incident.

Source: Fire Brigades Regulation (2014) Clause 22, Disclosure of information, Page 12

Answer 167

A

Some of the possible signs of use of accelerant are: characteristic burn pattern, indication of fire trailers, rapid fire development inconsistent with available combustible materials, unusual odours, or damage to building consistent with a vapour explosion.

Source: Standing Orders- Accelerant Detecting Canine, Page 12

Answer 168

A

When there is an alarm of fire, a fire brigade must, despite anything to the contrary in any Act, proceed with all speed to the fire and try by all possible means to extinguish it and save any lives and property that are in danger.
When there is a report of a hazardous material incident, a fire brigade must, despite anything to the contrary in any Act
(a) proceed with all speed to the site of the incident, and
(b) try by all possible means to render the site of the incident safe and save any lives and property that are in danger.

Source: Fire and Rescue NSW Act 1989, Part 3, Division 1, 11

Answer 169

A

The officer in charge may, with or without members of a fire brigade, enter any place
(a) in respect of which an alarm of fire is raised to ascertain whether there is a fire at the place, or
(b) in respect of which a report of a hazardous material incident has been made to ascertain whether there is any hazardous material at the place that is, or is about to be, the subject of a hazardous material incident.
Reasonable force, whether by breaking down gates or fences or breaking open doors or otherwise, may be used to gain entry.

Source: Fire and Rescue NSW Act 1989 Part 3, Division 1, Section 12

Answer 170

A

The short term exposure limit (STEL) is the maximum concentration of a substance to which a worker may be exposed for no more than 15 minutes, 4 times a day over an 8 hour day with 60 minutes between exposures.

Source: Intranet, Glossary

Answer 171

A

Locate the appliance uphill, upwind and at least 50 metres from:
* the helicopter landing site
* fuel pumps and fuel storage areas
* any incident on the airbase.

During refuelling, firefighters in full PPE will stand by with lines of hose charged, foam eductor attached and B Class foam ready to be inducted. Prevent water or foam streams from hitting moving rotors as this may cause catastrophic failure of the rotors and cause serious injury or death for people nearby.

Source: AIRCRAFT INCIDENTS SOG No. 5.8, 6 Fire protection operations, page 2

Answer 172

A

The safe working distance is 25 Meters. You can perform mopping up duties when the fire to burn clear of the cleared areas beneath the power lines. Only knock down low (less than 2 metres high) isolated flames, spots or smouldering logs that are not producing a convection column or heavy smoke plume.

Source: Utilities – SOG 14.4 Working near power lines, 5 Fire near high voltage power lines, page 3

Answer 173

A

S Safe approach, I Incident Control, S Scene Security, I Identify hazardous materials, A Assess the potential harm, C Call for resources, M Monitor information, R Render safe and decontaminate

Source: SOG 10.8 BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS

Answer 174

A

A firefighter must acquire and maintain a thorough knowledge of, and comply with the requirements of, the Act, this regulation and the Commissioner’s directions. A firefighter must acquire and maintain the knowledge and skills relevant to the performance of the firefighter’s functions.

Source: Fire Brigades Regulation, Part 3, Section 14, Page 10

Answer 175

A

Flexibility, Management by objectives, Functional management, Unity of command, Span of control

Source: Incident management – SOG 1. Incident management, 3 AIIMS principles, Page 2

Answer 176

A

Creating a culturally safe workplace environment which is free from discrimination and everyone is valued and treated with respect; Working collaboratively to recognise and appreciate equity, diversity and inclusion; Identifying and addressing any form of discrimination in the workplace.

Source: Home>About us>Publications>Policies>Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Policy, 7.3. All employees

Answer 177

A

don’t walk on spongy roofs. Sponginess in the roof is usually a sign that structural members have been weakened;
take care to prevent firefighters from sliding and falling;
exercise caution when working near electric wires;
ensure that firefighters making the opening are standing to the windward side of the cut and wearing the correct protective equipment;
watch for indications of weakening structure or other hazards;
apply extreme caution when using power tools;
keep a firm footing;
always have a means of retreat.

Source: FIREFIGHTERS TRAINING MANUAL, TOPIC 2 SECTION 14 PAGE 12, 14.13.7 Safety Precautions

Answer 178

A

Have the firefighter shower and dress in clean clothing. Record the exposure in the Occurrence Book and eAIRS report. Ensure that Notification of Injury, Illness, Exposure or Near-Miss (NIIENM) form is completed.

Source: Hazardous materials – SOG 10.13 Fumigation Check Sheet, Page 2

Answer 179

A

The numerals indicate the fire fighting medium to be used. The first letter denotes whether there is danger of violent reaction or explosion, the protective equipment required and the measures to be taken in the case of spillage. Reversed letters indicate that no toxic hazard will arise if it is a non-fire incident. The second letter is Code E and is used to indicate if evacuation may need to be considered by the emergency authorities.

Source: NATIONAL CODE OF PRACTICE FOR THE PREPARATION OF MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS [NOHSC:2011(1994)] A3.3

Answer 180

A

Dizziness, Weakness, Nausea

Source: SOG 3.1 Guidelines for bushfires – Fireground health, Page 11

Answer 181

A

The response time for requested support; the requirements for relief crews and refreshments; and whether a change of shift might be necessary.

Source: STRUCTURE FIRES SOG (No. 4.1), GUIDELINE 1 PAGE 4

Answer 182

A

State Emergency & Rescue Management Act 1989 (NSW)

Answer 183

A

Nerve or G agents, Blister agents or H agents, Blood agents, Choking agents

Source: Chemistry and Toxicology, 12 Terrorism, 12.1 Chemical Warfare Agents, Page 112

Answer 184

A

The rate of fire development, much of which occurs within the cavities and is not visible, renders standard structural firefighting tactics unsafe or ineffective.

Source: STRUCTURE FIRES SOG NO. 4.16, 4.3 Major fire in a building largely constructed of ISP, PAGE 3

Answer 185

A

Seven sides of the fire: front, rear, both sides, top, bottom and inside.

Source: STRUCTURE FIRES SOG (No. 4.4) GUIDELINE 4 PAGE 1, 4.4.1 The IC should consider the following: (i)

Answer 186

A

Hot Zone – where no personnel enter until a DRA determines appropriate actions and level of PPE.
Warm Zone – where Fire and Rescue NSW conducts its operations.
Cold Zone – where the Incident Control Point and support agencies are located and where the Police implement overall site control.

Source: HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SOG (NO 10.1), 4.3 Scene security, PAGE 2

Answer 187

A

Asbestos-containing materials are either friable or non-friable. Friable asbestos can be crumbled, pulverised or reduced to a powder by hand pressure. Non-friable asbestos is lower risk. It is mixed with cement or other hard bonding materials. Non-friable asbestos can become friable if damaged or old.

Source: https://www.asbestos.nsw.gov.au/identify-asbestos/what-is-asbestos/friable-and-non-friable-asbestos

Answer 188

A

If any defects are noted, advise the NSWFB Fire Safety Division to have the matter investigated. Do not initiate any action yourself.

Source: STRUCTURE FIRES SOG No. 4.10 PAGE 3, 4 Using the EWIS

Answer 189

A

Knock-down any fire using copious amounts of water. Cool the battery with a cooling stream of water. Submerge the device in a suitable container of water if safe to do so. Use a tool such as a long-handled shovel to move the device. If unable to submerge the device, continue cooling and conduct thermal checks every 15 minutes until ambient temperature is maintained for 60 minutes.

Source: Operations Bulletin 2023-01

Answer 190

A

Thermal runaway.
Extreme fire behaviour.
Release of toxic vapour and gases.
Hazardous materials and leaked electrolytes.
Stranded energy.
Projectiles.
Secondary ignition.

Source: Operations Bulletin 2023-01

Answer 191

A

Keys To Private Premises – Applicant, Keys Deposit - Station Commander

Source: Home - Forms

Answer 192

A

At a fire, the officer in charge—may take such measures as the officer thinks proper for the protection and saving of life and property and for the control and extinguishing of the fire, and is to control and direct the operations of any fire brigade. At the site of a hazardous material incident, the officer in charge— may take such measures as the officer thinks proper for the protection and saving of life and property, for confining and ending the incident and for rendering the site safe, and is to control and direct the operations of any fire brigade. The site is taken to be such area in the vicinity of the incident as is for the time being determined by the officer in charge. If the fire is a bush fire (including a grass fire), the officer in charge is, as far as practicable, to carry into effect any plan of operations in force under section 52 of the Rural Fires Act 1997 in relation to the place where the fire occurs

Source: Fire and Rescue NSW Act 1989 Part 3, Division 1, Section 13

Answer 193

A

Come on or attend duty while under the influence of alcohol or a drug
While on duty consume, use or possess any alcohol or drug
While on duty gamble in circumstances that adversely affect the discipline or efficiency of Fire and Rescue NSW.
While on or off duty smoke at a fire or drill, on departmental premises or in a departmental Vehicle.
While on or off duty smoke or consume alcohol in a public place while in uniform.
While on or off duty by words or action
a) behave in a way that is subversive of discipline or calculated to bring discredit on Fire and Rescue NSW
b) Bully, harass, sexually harass, intimidate or threaten a person
c) Discriminate against a person on the grounds of sex, marital status, pregnancy, age, race, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity, carer’s responsibilities or any other ground for which discrimination is prohibited by the Anti-Discrimination Act 1977
While off duty, enter or remain on departmental premises without authority.

Source: Section 17 of the Fire Brigades Regulation (2014)

Answer 194

A

The officer in charge at a fire or hazardous material incident may cause to be removed any person, vehicle, vessel or thing the presence of whom or which at or near a fire or hazardous material incident might, in the officer’s opinion, interfere with the work of any fire brigade or the exercise of any of the officer’s functions.

Source: Fire and Rescue NSW Act 1989 Part 3, Division 1, Section 19

Answer 195

A

The person makes an unwelcome sexual advance, or an unwelcome request for sexual favours, to the other person, orthe person engages in other unwelcome conduct of a sexual nature in relation to the other person, in circumstances in which a reasonable person, having regard to all the circumstances, would have anticipated that the other person would be offended, humiliated or intimidated.

Source: Anti- Discrimination Act 1977t, part 2A, 22A Meaning

Answer 196

A

As the incident draws to a conclusion or reduces in complexity, the incident structure scales down and FRNSW involvement eventually terminates.

Source: Incident management – SOG 1.8 Escalation and de-escalation, 1 Scope and application Page 1

Answer 197

A

Industrial complexes
High-rise buildings
Health care facilities

Source: Utilities – SOG 14.2 Isolating power, 3 Factors to consider, page 2

Answer 198

A

Fuel-controlled, and ventilation-controlled. fires with more than enough air for combustion are said to be Fuel Controlled. When fire growth (and HRR) is limited by the available air (O2) supply is it ventilation-controlled.

Source: STP #13 Residential Structure Fires - Fire Behaviour, Slide 6-8

Answer 199

A

The fire floor
The floor above and
The top floor

Source: Six Minute Intensive Training Subject Area: Residential Structure Fires- STP 14B Topic: Search & Rescue during Firefighting Operations

Answer 200

A

A mayday message

Source: Six Minute Intensive Training Subject Area: Emergency Management Topic: Incident Communications STP 17B

Answer 201

A

Red, Blue, Green.

Source: MULTI AGENCY PROCEDURE FOR SUSPICIOUS SUBSTANCES pdf

Answer 202

A

Any increase in the noise level from the valve; or any sign of bulging or blistering on the outside of the tank or cylinder.

Source: FIREFIGHTERS TRAINING MANUAL TOPIC 3 SECTION 5 PAGE 6, 5.5 Fire and Major Leaks

Answer 203

A

Starvation; smothering; cooling; and interruption of the flame chain reaction.

Source: FIREFIGHTERS TRAINING MANUAL TOPIC 2 SECTION 2 PAGE 1, 2.1 Introduction

Answer 204

A

Flammable matter includes— any substance capable of ignition or combustion by the application of heat, by means of sparks or spontaneously, and any substance prescribed as flammable for the purposes of this definition.

Source: Part 1, 3 Definitions

Answer 205

A

The Incident Commander (IC) must identify a set of critical factors
The IC can only deal with 3-7 critical factors at any one time.
Collecting and evaluating information may start before arriving on scene.
Once on scene, further information is collected and rapidly evaluated via an initial size up from the vehicle.
Critical factors must be communicated to FireCOM.
The IC should continually collect information during the incident from commanders and other external sources, and other agencies.
Critical factors may change rapidly as the incident evolves. The IAP must be modified as critical factors change.
The IC’s initial size up and decision-making about critical factors may need to be rapid. Once the incident is contained, the IC should take a more deliberate approach.
Situation evaluation only ends when command is terminated.
Anyone at the incident may collect information regarding critical factors. These need to be communicated to the IC. Critical safety concerns can be addressed immediately if required, before informing the IC.

Source: Incident management – SOG 1.3 Situation evaluation, 2 Principles, page 1

Answer 206

A

Code 3- On scene at incident or move-up station (state location/address).
Code 6- Incident in Rural Fire District.
Code 4- Available for response. If not returning to station, give destination.
Code 1- Responding to an incident or move-up – should include a clarification when the appliance is travelling under normal road conditions.
Code 7- Unavailable for response – state reason and transmit Code 4 immediately when available.

Source: SOGS- 2.5 STANDARD RADIO CODES, 3 Status codes, page 1

Answer 207

A

Be sensitive to the feelings of non-operational personnel or members of the public who may overhear messages. Ensure that outside speakers on appliances are turned off if sensitive information is being sent e.g. fatalities.

Source: COMMUNICATIONS SOG (No. 2.2), GUIDELINE 2 PAGE 3, 2.8 Protect sensitive information 2.8.3

Answer 208

A

Escape- As a priority, remove yourself and others from close proximity to the offender/s or areas they might reasonably access. Consider removing or leaving cumbersome equipment so you can move quickly. If it is safe to do so, snatch and grab as many casualties as possible when exiting. Do not stop to provide first aid.
Hide- If you don’t believe you can safely escape, consider sheltering in place. Mute all communications equipment, including private mobile phones, so as not to give away your hiding place. Do not turn off phones as text messaging may be used to update you on the situation. Constantly re-assess the situation and your options, based on the best available information.
Tell- The more information you can pass on to FireCOM or the Police, the better, but never at the risk of your own safety or the safety of others.

Source: Special incidents – SOG 8.7 Terrorist incidents, 8 Active armed offender attacks, page 4

Answer 209

A

An individual should only have 5 people reporting to them (optimal is 1:5 ratio)

Source: Incident management – SOG 1. Incident management, Page 2, 3 AIIMS principles

Answer 210

A

if there is sufficient time and resources available.
leaked refrigerant gas which may be pocketed behind panels or in ducting
electrical wiring or refrigerant gas pipes that may be located behind the panels
the potential to generate sparks that could ignite flammable refrigerant gas or ESP panel cores
Weakening of the structure when multiple panels are cut.
An increase in fire activity due to the introduction of air
Have a charged line of hose in place for protection before cutting ISPs.

Source: STRUCTURE FIRES SOG NO. 4.16 PAGE 3, 4.4 Cutting insulated sandwich panels

Answer 211

A

a fire isolated room with a 2-hour fire rating and separate ventilation
two exit points, to the front of the building and directly into a fire exit
Fire Indicator Panel
Fire Fan Control Panel
Master Emergency Control Panel
controls for fire pumps
Security Alarm and Control Panels
telephone (direct line outside)
whiteboard, corkboard and plan table
Tactical Fire Plans (maps and schematics).

Source: STRUCTURE FIRES SOG No. 4.14 PAGE 1, 4.14 FIRE CONTROL CENTRES AND ROOMS, 5 Fire Control Room features

Answer 212

A

The IC must, as part of the initial radio report to FireCOM, confirm that an IC is in place, and name command.

Source: STP IM Presentation (PDF), page 8

Answer 213

A

Full structural firefighting ensemble, including helmet and gloves, Flash hood, SCBA, Ear plugs – which provide sufficient protection at 50 metres

Source: AIRCRAFT INCIDENTS SOG (No. 5.8) FIRE PROTECTION FOR HELICOPTER HOT REFUELLING, CHECK SHEET PAGE 1

Answer 214

A

Ensure they do not enter unless cleared to do so by both FIRU and the Police.

Source: Fire Brigade Regulations Page 13

Answer 215

A

Class 3 bushfire

Source: SOG 3.1 Guidelines for bushfires – Classes of bushfire, page 17

Answer 216

A

This type of engine presents the greater fire risk. Halons or CO2 are most effective in controlling these fires.

Source: FIREFIGHTERS TRAINING MANUAL TOPIC 3 SECTION 1 PAGE 3, 1.4.1 Piston Engines

Answer 217

A

Identify and liaise with the Emergency Coordinator.
While waiting to enter, start developing the IAP by accessing information –eg pre-incident plans, SOGs, and utilities.
Where entry to the facility is delayed, nominate a staging area and advise FireCOM to inform responding resources. Remain in the staging area until met by the Emergency Coordinator. Notify FireCOM if entry is delayed. Always remain outside facility on standby if it is unsafe to enter.
At the main entry, access the Red Fire Emergency Plan Box containing the FRNSW pre-incident plan, safety data sheets folder, site plans, and Local Emergency Plans (LEPs) and brief crew about the facility.
Prepare the appliance and secure equipment before entering the facility. List all equipment to be taken in.

Source: SOG 8.3 Correctional facility incidents, 7 On arrival, page 3

Answer 218

A

The driver of a passenger vehicle can temporarily disable the ESP system. The driver should drive with increased caution

Source: Operations Bulletin 2014-02, Electronic Stability Program systems installed in FRNSW vehicles

Answer 219

A

The officer in charge at a fire or hazardous material incident may, for the purpose of extinguishing or controlling a fire or confining or ending the incident or rendering the site of the incident safe, without payment— take and use any water from any source on any land, and cause water to flow into or be shut off from any main or pipe.

Source: Part 3–Fighting and preventing fires and dealing with hazardous material incidents, Division 1, 15 Use of water etc

Answer 220

A

Pump 1 tasked in hot zone, pump 2 recycling in warm zone, pump 3 uncommitted on the edge of the warm zone RIT, next to hot zone, Pumps 4-8 waiting in staging to be deployed. OR Pump 1 and 2 in Hot zone, pump 3 and 4 recycling in the warm zone, pump 5 and 6 uncommitted on the edge of the warm zone RIT next to hot zone, pump 7 and 8 waiting in staging to be deployed.

Source: Deployment – SOG 1. Incident Management How to employ 3-deep deployment, page 20

Answer 221

A

The officer in charge may, with or without members of a fire brigade, enter any place— in respect of which an alarm of fire is raised to ascertain whether there is a fire at the place, or in respect of which a report of a hazardous material incident has been made to ascertain whether there is any hazardous material at the place that is, or is about to be, the subject of a hazardous material incident. Reasonable force, whether by breaking down gates or fences or breaking open doors or otherwise, may be used to gain entry.

Source: Part 3–Fighting and preventing fires and dealing with hazardous material incidents, Division 1, 13 General powers of officers at fires and hazardous material incidents

Answer 222

A

Identify unsafe conditions or operations and report these to the IC (or Operations Officer)
Confirm that all health and safety systems are in place.
Confirm that all utilities are identified and rendered safe.
Request the appointment of additional Safety Officers if needed.
Maintain awareness of the incident communications plan and incident action plan.

Source: SOG 1. Incident Management Guideline Support Document, Safety Officer, Page 90

Answer 223

A

Papa, Hotel, Oscar, Sierra, Golf, Echo, November, Echo

Answer 224

A

the nature and proximity of exposures;
the size of the fire;
the seat of the fire;
the wind and weather conditions;
the type of building construction; and
the presence of vertical or horizontal openings and how they may affect ventilation.

Source: FIREFIGHTERS TRAINING MANUAL TOPIC 2 SECTION 14 PAGE 1, 14.2.2 Where does ventilation need to be carried out?

Answer 225

A

double delivery; elbow delivery; and standpipe delivery.

Source: FIREFIGHTERS TRAINING MANUAL TOPIC 2 SECTION 4 PAGE 6, 4.5.1 Introduction

Answer 226

A

as being more than 25 metres high or having more than 10 levels.

Source: STRUCTURE FIRES SOG (NO. 4.5), 2 Application, page 1

Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

LF Questions Flashcards

Brainscape's Knowledge Genome^TM