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Question 1

According to STP - What are the 3 Golden rules to follow when applying foam?

Answer 1

• Do not begin to apply foam unless you have enough to extinguish the fire or cover the fuel spill
• Point branch away from fire until good finished foam is being produced
• You cannot mix different foam concentrates

Question 2

According to STP - List 3 hazards/considerations when using CAFS at a Structure fire.

Answer 2

• CAFS hose lines have a build up of pressure when the branch is closed, this causes a larger jet reaction than a standard hose
• Slug flow – When the proportion of foam, air and water is wrong. It will cause the finished foam to “shudder” or “pulsate” as it is exiting the branch
• Does not contain enough water for internal attack

Question 3

According to STP - List 5 actions to take when combatting a natural gas leak with no fire involved.

Answer 3

• Structural PPE and SCBA
• Evacuate all persons from the immediate area
• Remove all sources of ignition
• Respond Gas company
• Only use intrinsically safe equipment
• Dampen ground around the site of the gas release to prevent static electricity
• Keep protection line in place using fog
• If possible, crimp line to stop release of gas

Question 4

According to STP - Acetylene is a very volatile gas, exploding cylinders can
penetrate double brick walls or metal freight containers & land 200m away. How
many hours after the cylinder is removed from the fire or heat source, if it is not
cooled, can this explosion occur?

Answer 4

24 hours

Question 5

According to STP - When reading a fire, we need indicators to base our decisions
on, what are the most important indicators?

Answer 5

B-Sahf
Building- Smoke, air track, heat and flame

Question 6

According to STP - What techniques enable us to control the interior environment during a structure fire?

Answer 6

Direct/indirect attack, gas cooling and ventilation

Question 7

According to STP - List 2 common hose laying techniques that can be used by firefighters?

Answer 7

S-lay and Cleavland lay

Question 8

Complete the following in relation to the Fire and Rescue NSW Act 1989 Part 3, Division 1, Section 11 Brigades to proceed with speed to suspected fires or hazardous material incident………?

Answer 8

(1) When there is an alarm of fire, a fire brigade must, despite anything to the contrary in any Act, proceed with all speed to the fire and try by all possible means to extinguish it and save any lives and property that are in danger.
(2) When there is a report of a hazardous material incident, a fire brigade must, despite anything to the contrary in any Act—
(a) proceed with all speed to the site of the incident, and
(b) try by all possible means to render the site of the incident safe and save any lives and property that are in danger.

Question 9

Complete the following in relation to the Fire and Rescue NSW Act 1989 Part 3, Division 1, Section 12 of the FRNSW Act, Investigation of reported fires and Hazardous material incident………?

Answer 9

(1) The officer in charge may, with or without members of a fire brigade, enter any place—
(a) in respect of which an alarm of fire is raised to ascertain whether there is a fire at the place, or
(b) in respect of which a report of a hazardous material incident has been made to ascertain whether there is any hazardous material at the place that is, or is about to be, the subject of a hazardous material incident.
(2) Reasonable force, whether by breaking down gates or fences or breaking open doors or otherwise, may be used to gain entry.

Question 10

Section 13, of the FRNSW Act states the “General Powers of Officers at fires and hazardous material incidents”. State this provision.

Answer 10

(1) At a fire, the officer in charge—
(a) may take such measures as the officer thinks proper for the protection and saving of life and property and for the control and extinguishing of the fire, and
(b) is to control and direct the operations of any fire brigade.
(1A) At the site of a hazardous material incident, the officer in charge—
(a) may take such measures as the officer thinks proper for the protection and saving of life and property, for confining and ending the incident and for rendering the site safe, and
(b) is to control and direct the operations of any fire brigade.
The site is taken to be such area in the vicinity of the incident as is for the time being determined by the officer in charge.
(2) If the fire is a bush fire (including a grass fire), the officer in charge is, as far as practicable, to carry into effect any plan of operations in force under section 52 of the Rural Fires Act 1997 in relation to the place where the fire occurs.
(3) The following provisions of this Division are intended to be particular examples of the way in which functions under this section can be exercised and are not intended to limit the generality of this section.

Question 11

Section 19 of the FRNSW Act lists the powers at fires and hazardous material incidents. State the provisions of this Section: “General power to remove persons or obstacles.”

Answer 11

The officer in charge at a fire or hazardous material incident may cause to be removed any person, vehicle, vessel or thing the presence of whom or which at or near a fire or hazardous material incident might, in the officer’s opinion, interfere with the work of any fire brigade or the exercise of any of the officer’s functions.

Question 12

At an incident that has been declared a crime scene, a member of the public seeks details from you, the senior firefighter/officer on duty, about the incident. State your response according to the Fire Brigades Regulation (2014) Clause 22, Disclosure of information.

Answer 12

22 Disclosure of information
A firefighter must not disclose any information obtained in the firefighter’s capacity as a firefighter unless the disclosure is made:
(a) in the exercise of the firefighter’s functions, or
(b) about factual matters that are generally available to the public, or
(c) by an approved firefighter to media representatives concerning operations at a fire or other incident, or
(d) at the direction or with the permission of the Commissioner, or
(e) with other lawful excuse.

Question 13

Section 17 of the Fire Brigades Regulation (2014) refers to unacceptable behaviour. List five circumstances when a firefighter’s behaviour would be deemed unacceptable.

Answer 13

(1) A firefighter must not:
(a) come on duty while under the influence of alcohol or a drug, or
(b) while on duty, consume, use or possess any alcohol or drug, or
(c) while on duty, gamble in circumstances that adversely affect the discipline or efficiency of Fire and Rescue NSW, or
(d) smoke at a fire or drill, in any departmental premises or in any departmental vehicle, or
(e) smoke in any public place while in uniform, or
(f) while off duty, enter or remain on departmental premises without authority, or
(g) while on or off duty, by words or action, behave in a manner that is subversive of discipline or calculated to bring discredit on Fire and Rescue NSW, or
(h) while on duty, by words or action, harass, intimidate or threaten another firefighter, or
(i) while on duty, by words or action, harass or discriminate against any person on the grounds of sex, marital status, pregnancy, age, ethnic or national origin, physical or intellectual impairment, sexual preference, transgender status, carer’s responsibilities or any other ground in respect of which discrimination is prohibited by the Anti-Discrimination Act 1977.
(2) The officer in charge of any departmental premises must refuse to permit a firefighter to come on duty if of the opinion that the firefighter is under the influence of alcohol or a drug to the extent that the firefighter is unable to exercise the functions of a firefighter.
(3) In this clause: drug has the same meaning as in the Road Transport Act 2013 (paragraph (a) of the definition of drug in section 4 (1) of that Act excepted).

Question 14

As stated in the Standing Orders, to avoid serious accidents at intersections when responding to an emergency, What actions should drivers of responding vehicles approaching a stop sign or red signal take?

Answer 14

Must slow down and enter the intersection at a speed of not more than 8 kph. Having assessed the traffic conditions, and determined that it is safe to proceed, the driver may then continue across the intersection.

Question 15

According to Standing Orders, when are seatbelts required to be worn when travelling in FRNSW vehicles (including tankers)?

Answer 15

1. Rules 264 and 265 of the Australian Road Rules deal with the wearing of seat belts by drivers and passengers.
2. All Fire and Rescue NSW employees are required to wear a seat belt, properly adjusted, when travelling in Fire and Rescue NSW vehicles. Any member travelling on a vehicle (including a water tanker) is to be seated inside the vehicle and must wear a seat belt.
3. If necessary, the seat belt provided for the seating position in the vehicle is to be adjusted/sized to suit the member’s physical requirements at the commencement of each shift or prior to each response.
4. Although Clause 5 of Rule 267 of the Australian Road Rules exempts the wearing of seat belts in the rear seats of Police or emergency vehicles, employees of Fire and Rescue NSW, and any authorised passengers, are required by Fire and Rescue NSW, in the interest of occupational health and safety, to wear a seat belt.

Question 16

According to Standing Orders, with no impact of the service delivery, List the procedures to be followed if drivers of FRNSW vehicles are involved in an accident

Answer 16

Drivers of Fire and Rescue NSW vehicles involved in accidents are to be suspended from driving for the balance of the shift on duty unless the exigencies of the service dictate to the contrary. In the case of retained firefighters suspension is to be for 24 hours unless there are exigencies to the contrary.
Generally a member of the permanent staff will be reinstated by an officer above the rank of Station Officer at the next rostered shift unless there are contrary circumstances such as medical evidence or unmistakable evidence that the persons suspended may cause injury to persons or damage to property by neglect or lack of skill if reinstated. The same conditions apply to retained firefighters except that the period be 24 hours.
The reinstatement to be effected by verbal instruction and occurrence book entry at the station concerned. Any additional suspension from driving, in connection with a particular incident, to be as a result of the findings of an inquiry Senior Officers are to attend accidents and assessments of damage value as part of their duties

Question 17

Fire Brigades Regulation, Part 3, Section 14: Firefighters to acquire and maintain knowledge of legislation, orders, and functions. List the provisions.

Answer 17

(1) A firefighter must acquire and maintain a thorough knowledge of, and must comply with the requirements of, the Act, this Regulation and the Commissioner’s Orders.
(2) A firefighter must acquire and maintain the knowledge and skills that are relevant to the performance of the firefighter’s functions.

Question 18

According to STP -The National Construction Code classes buildings “Class 1” through to “Class 10”. The class of building is a measure of the buildings likely:  List these four points.

Answer 18

The Class of building is a measure of the building’s likely:
- use;
- fire load;
- population; and
- mobility of the occupants, such as whether they are sleeping or alert

Question 19

According to the Fire Investigation toolkit on the Intranet, when should you request FIRU for assistance?

Answer 19

• There has been a loss of life at a fire, or a person is not expected to live from their injuries, or
• The fire is considered major (i.e. 4th Alarm or above, significant community impact or unusual fire behaviour), or
• The Origin and Cause of the fire is not apparent.

Question 20

. As listed in STP - What form populated by firefighters gives the Fire Investigator a summary of firefighter actions at an incident.

Answer 20

Summary of Observations & Firefighters Actions (SOFA) Report

Question 21

STP - Details how a structure fire will burn within one of two burning regimes. List and describe the regimes

Answer 21

Fuel-controlled- If we continue to add fuel the fire will grow in size. If we remove fuel, the fire will decrease in size. Therefore fires with more than enough air for combustion are said to be Fuel Controlled.
Ventilation controlled- Fire growth (and HRR) is limited by the available air (O2) supply

Question 22

STP - Identifies the search priority in multi storey buildings, list the priorities.

Answer 22

• The fire floor
• The floor above and
• The top floor

Question 23

STP - Outlines when a working at a task/tactical level and a firefighter becomes trapped, injured missing or overdue. What message should be sent to draw attention to the situation?

Answer 23

A mayday message

Question 24

According to STP - When is an Incident Management System required to be used at incidents FRNSW attends?

Answer 24

An IMS is a standardised method used to manage all types of incidents.
This method is used at every incident FRNSW attends

Question 25

According to STP -There are eight strategic functions of command the Incident Commander needs to address. List all eight.

Answer 25

1. Deployment .
2. Command
3. Situation evaluation
4. Incident action planning
5. Incident Comms
6. Incident structure
7. Review and revision
8. Escalation and de-escalation

Question 26

According to STP - At every incident there must be a steady, adequate, and timely stream of resources.  Who is the only person to deploy resources at an incident?

Answer 26

The Incident Commander (IC) must be the only person to deploy resources. This ensures that the IC knows where the resources are and what they are doing and can ensure that their tasks are in line with the Incident Action plan (IAP).

Question 27

A driver in a road tunnel noticed smoke coming from the engine compartment of their car and immediately pulled into the emergency break down bay and called 000. The Tunnel Control Centre closed the tunnel allowing attending fire crews access to extinguish the fire. Peak hour traffic is starting to build at the entrance to the tunnel and thick smoke is throughout. List the Smoke Management Systems found in road tunnels could assist in clearing the smoke?

Answer 27

• longitudinal ventilation (jet fans)
• ducted ventilation
• natural ventilation
• a combination of the above.

Question 28

According to SOGs -As an incident develops and crews become fatigued, they will need to be rested. Name and describe the two ways crews can be rested.

Answer 28

· Recycle – Crew stops work for a short period just outside the Hot Zone, to rest, rehydrate, and replenish air cylinders if relevant. They remain accountable to IC or Sector, Group or Division commander (SGD Commander), as per the incident structure.

· Full rehabilitation – Crew is released and moves to the rehabilitation area. Once there, they are accountable to a Rehabilitation Officer.

Question 29

According to SOGs - List and describe the three incident phases.

Answer 29

Life at risk phase – there are savable human lives. Incident is uncontrolled and requires rapid actions to control risks to lives. A higher level of risk may be acceptable.
Expanding phase – incident is likely to expand beyond accepted limits. Incident is uncontrolled and requires rapid actions to control risks to lives and property. Some level of risk may be acceptable.
Contained phase – there are sufficient resources to contain incident within a defined area. There is no life at risk, or lives and property are already lost. Risk must be minimised as much as practicable.

Question 30

According to Standing Orders who are the people authorised to ride on FRNSW appliances?

Answer 30

• firefighters in the course of their duty;
• Employees of Fire and Rescue NSW whose duty requires their attendance at an emergency;
• Members of other emergency services at the discretion of the member in charge; or
• Other persons authorised by the Commissioner.

Question 31

According to STP - List and describe three ways foam controls and extinguishes fire.

Answer 31

 Excluding the fire’s supply of oxygen (smothering)
 Suppressing flammable vapours to stop them from igniting
 Cooling the surface temperature to prevent re-ignition

Question 32

According to STP – What are the characteristics of liquid petroleum gas (LPG)?

Answer 32

Colourless, odourless (odourant is usually added) and heavier than air (1.5-2 times heavier then air)

Question 33

According to STP - What is the term used when a liquid within a container reaches a temperature well above its boiling temperature, boils, expands and the container fails sending flammable gas outwards where it ignites.

Answer 33

BLEVE- BOILING LIQUID EXPANDING VAPOUR EXPLOSION

Question 34

According to STP - What can be used to conduct a thermal check of an acetylene cylinder.

Answer 34

Thermal imaging camera to conduct the thermal check every 15 minutes for 1 hour and record the results
Conduct a wetting test

Question 35

Expand the Acronym - SISIACMR

Answer 35

S- Safe approach Approach the incident safely.
I- Incident Control
S- Scene security
A- Assess the potential harm Consider
C- Call for resources
M- Monitor information
R- Render safe and decontaminate

Question 36

According to STP - What is the most suitable extinguishing agent for rubber fires?

Answer 36

Water is the most suitable extinguishing agent for rubber fires.

Question 37

According to STP -There are several stages of Lithium-Ion battery failure list and describe the stages

Answer 37

Stage 1: Abuse Factor. Thermal, electrical or mechanical abuse.

· Stage 2: Off-gas generation. Occurs regardless of cell form-factor.

· Stage 3: Smoke generation. Catastrophic failure is imminent.

· Stage 4: Fire generation. Likelihood of propagation drastically increase

Question 38

According to the Workplace Safety toolkit on the intranet, what should you complete when a work-related injury, near miss, exposure or illness occurs and in what timeframe after the occurrence should it be submitted?

Answer 38

• NIIENMs should be submitted within 24 hours of occurrence.

Question 39

According to the toolkit on the intranet - If you are unable to submit or fill out a NIIENM who else can submit one for you?

Answer 39

• If the injured person is unable to submit the report, their Supervisor or co-worker can submit it on their behalf.

Question 40

In New South Wales, Emergency Services carry out land-based rescues under what Act?

Answer 40

State emergency and rescue management act 1989 (SERM)

Question 41

. As stated in the SERM Act,1989 who is responsible for coordinating rescue operations and for determining the priorities of action to be taken in rescue operations?

Answer 41

Division 3, section 50, 1- Police co-ordinate rescue operations

Question 42

According to STP - FRNSW uses the YOU principle to establish priorities of safety at a rescue incident. What are these priorities of safety?

Answer 42

Y- Yourself and other rescuers
O- Other persons not involved (bystanders)
U- Unfortunate person(s) involved

Question 43

According to STP -What is the correct PPC and procedure for fire protection at an MVA?

Answer 43

• One firefighter to wear full structural turnout PPC and SCBA
• A manned line of 38mm hose charged to 400kPa, pump with recirculation valve open.
• If a fire occurs, charge to 800kPa at the pump to achieve 700kpa at the branch.
• Rescuers- GP helmet with visor, long sleeves, p2 mask, eye protection, gloves, FF boots, High vis vest or MP jacket, hearing protection

Question 44

According to STP - What environments should SCBA be worn in?

Answer 44

H- Heated or extremely low temperatures
O- Oxygen deficient or enriched environment
T- Toxic atmospheres
S- Smoke

Question 45

Owners and occupiers of premises can deposit keys at their nearest fire station so that firefighters can gain access without causing unnecessary damage. Located in the Forms filing cabinet on the intranet, name the two forms that need to be completed when receiving keys to private premises

Answer 45

Key deposit and Keys to Private Premises forms

Question 46

. As stated in the Health, Fitness and Wellbeing Toolkit- What is it a mandatory requirement to complete prior to undertaking the annual Fitness Drill?

Answer 46

FRNSW Fitness Drill Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PARQ) Instruction

Question 47

According to Operations Bulletin 2020-04 - Failure to report damage. When an appliance is found to have unreported damage, the Fleet Operations Officer or Regional Maintenance Officer will notify the Station, Duty, and Zone Commander in writing. The responsible station must submit what form within 8 days?

Answer 47

Agency Member Motor Vehicle Claim Form

Question 48

According to the Fire ePermit policy, a fire permit issued within the ‘Bush Fire Danger’ period will be valid for a period of how many days from the date of issue?

Answer 48

During the declared Bush Fire Danger Period = 7 days maximum

Question 49

According to the Fire ePermit policy, what aspect of the planned fire does the permit take into account

Answer 49

A fire permit takes into account only the safety aspect of the planned fire. It imposes conditions on the way a fire is lit and maintained. This safety aspect is the limit of the involvement by FRNSW.

Question 50

According to STP, name the components in an AS 2118.1 sprinkler alarm valve room.

Answer 50

(1) Main stop valve (2) Test drain (3) Sprinkler test facility (4) Sprinkler alarm valve (5) System pressure gauge (6) Deluge valve (7) Water supply with water supply pressure gauge

Question 51

According to STP, there are two control measures when dealing with live power at an incident. List and describe them

Answer 51

Turning off power involves turning off the main switch, removing fuses and switching off circuit breakers at the switchboard. This removes power from the circuits within the structure supplied through that switchboard. When power is turned off at the switchboard the wiring from the electricity network to the switchboard remains live until the power is isolated by the electricity company.

Isolating power is the best way to control an electrical hazard but this can only be done by the electricity company, and this takes time. The electricity company needs to drive to the site, work out how the power is supplied and then disconnect the power from the network to the site. As an interim measure, firefighters can turn off power at the switchboard

Question 52

. According to STP - Firefighters can ‘turn off’ a solar power system to stop electricity feeding into the structure’s circuits or back to the electricity network if configured to do so. State the recommended procedure

Answer 52

On-site consultation: determine whether it is appropriate to turn solar power system off and how best to do so.

2. Assume switchboard is live: Don electrical safety gloves then over-gloves. Have your helmet visor down and look away.
3. Follow the shutdown procedure: This may be on or near the switchboard or inverter. If not found, turn off the inverter main switch then turn off the solar panel main switch
4. Consider if benefits outweigh risks:

Restrict work as far as reasonably practical to that required to protect life or prevent dangerous expansion of the incident

5. Isolate the power: If required, have the owner/occupier contact their electrician to isolate the power

Question 53

According to STP -When a battery energy storage system is present at a residence, there should be an indicator to alert you to this. What is an example of an indicator, located outside the switchboard

Answer 53

When a battery energy storage system is present at a residence, there should be an indicator outside the switchboard, e.g. an ES sticker.

Question 54

Operations Bulletin 2023-01- Lists operational actions to follow when dealing with Lithium-ion battery failure in small devices. List these actions.

Answer 54

• Knock-down any fire using copious amounts of water.
• Cool the battery with a cooling stream of water.
• Submerge the device in a suitable container of water if safe to do so. Use a tool such as a long-handled shovel to move the device.
• If unable to submerge the device, continue cooling and conduct thermal checks every 15 minutes until ambient temperature is maintained for 60 minutes.
• Note: an increasing temperature is an indication that a thermal runaway event is occurring.
• Ensure that all cells are accounted for by searching the area around the device. Failure to account for all cells may lead to a secondary fire event.

Question 55

According to STP - If solar panels, or the attached isolators, are on fire, in addition to the considerations with turning off an alternative power source what actions should firefighters take?

Answer 55

Conduct firefighting from the ground or an aerial appliance. Do not get onto the roof to extinguish the fire. Do not put a ladder against the roof as the gutter may be electrified.
* Extinguish the fire with a spray nozzle, using a pulse spray in a dispersed pattern If the solar panel is at ground level, consider using CO2 to extinguish the fire, ensuring that there is at least 250 mm air gap between the CO2 extinguisher nozzle and any electrified components

Question 56

. According to STP - Overhaul is a procedure we follow after we attend an incident and extinguish the fire. For your safety during overhaul what is it essential for you to do?

Answer 56

-Wear SCBA and a full set of firefighting clothing
-Perform atmospheric monitoring using a gas detector

Question 57

According to STP - What is the minimum PPE that can be worn at a bush fire?

Answer 57

Level 2 PPE Minimum
Multi-purpose helmet Goggles Multi-purpose Jacket GP gloves Firefighting Gloves (Direct attack) Duty wear trousers FF boots P2

Question 57

According to STP - Property protection is the act of protecting property from the impact of a wildfire. At a major wildfire, FRNSW crews generally engage in property protection roles. We generally have 3 strategies for carrying out property protection. Name and describe them.

Answer 57

• Line Defence- A line defence is used when conditions would normally allow an offensive attack but there are not enough units to mount an offensive attack in time. It involves preventing the approaching line of fire from closely approaching the property
• Backstop Defence- A backstop defence is used when there is no safe defensible space around buildings and/or the approaching fire is so intense that firefighters cannot safely protect the buildings during the impact of the fire. Firefighters withdraw temporarily a short distance away to a suitable safe refuge, with the intention of coming back after the fire front passes. After the main fire front subsides, they move forward to put out the property on fire
• Ember Defence- An ember defence is used when the approaching line of fire is too intense to be suppressed by offensive means and is producing significant ember attack.
  It involves extinguishing small fires that occur in and around buildings, when and as they occur.
  Firefighters operate from safe positions behind suitable shielding from the main fire front and pull back to safer refuge if needed

Question 58

. Operations Bulletin 2023-01- Lists the hazards and risks at incidents involving Lithium-ion batteries in small devices. List all as stated in the bulletin.

Answer 58

• Thermal runaway
• Extreme fire behaviour
• Release of toxic vapour and gases
• Hazardous materials and leaked electrolytes
• Stranded energy
• Projectiles
• Secondary ignition

Question 59

As described in STP - When conducting ventilation using a fan, what is the most effective inlet/outlet ratio?

Answer 59

Inlet : outlet - 1:4

Question 60

According to SOGs - When an LPG container is involved in fire, what area of the container is considered most crucial and a high priority area for cooling?

Answer 60

The container’s vapour space (area above the liquid) is most crucial and is to be considered a high priority area for cooling

Question 61

As recommended in STP - When conducting ventilation with a fan, the fan should be set back approximately how far from the door.

Answer 61

The fan should be set back approximately the height of the door

Question 62

According to Work Instruction- “Bagging contaminated gear” What equipment is required for bagging contaminated gear (not PPC) at an incident to minimise the risk presented by hazardous contaminants during storage or transport?

Answer 62

The appropriate bag for the type of contaminant:
− Asbestos containment bags where asbestos is a suspected contaminant.
− Yellow clinical waste bags for waste produced from providing first aid.
− Clear contaminated gear bags for other contaminants, including smoke.
* Cable ties or strong tape to seal the bags.
* A contaminated equipment tag to attach to the bag with relevant details

Question 63

According to the guideline support document for electricity SOGs - Electrical transformers in high density areas of cities maybe situated in underground vaults, if a fire occurs in one of these vaults, CO2 can be injected via a wall mounted or footpath CO2 connection box. What does the number on the connection box indicate?

Answer 63

he number of CO2 cylinders required to be injected is indicated on the connection box.

Question 64

You are responded to a bushfire with four Fire Rescue NSW pumpers two RFS tankers and one inspector, according to SOGs what class is the fire?

Answer 64

Class 1

Question 65

According to the guideline support document for electricity SOGs - What factors affect voltage gradient at wires down

Answer 65

• Composition of the ground – eg concrete, road surface, soil
• Moisture content
• Voltage of the electrical source

Question 66

According to the guideline support document for electricity SOGs - Conductors allow electricity to easily pass through them. List five conductors

Answer 66

• Metals (eg copper, aluminium, steel) – including ladders, fences, guttering, roofing
• Human body
• Timber and trees
• Flame and dense smoke
• Water – including hose lines

Question 67

According to the guideline support document for electricity SOGs - Name four measures to control the risks associated with electricity

Answer 67

• Stay away from the hazard. Always regard it as live until you know otherwise.
• Assess the risks from at least 8 metres away from the hazard.
• If suspected to be electrically hazardous, establish an Exclusion Zone.
• Have the electricity company isolate power.

Question 68

As listed on the SIMS Worksheet: Electrical safety kit - State the inventory stored in the green canvas bag of the electrical safety kit.

Answer 68

1 x pair of insulating gloves
1 x pair of leather overgloves
1 x electrical safety kit bag
2 x non-contact AC voltage detectors, either Modiewark Rescue or GLM Mini Rescue

Question 69

According to Recommended practice - When using the gloves from the electrical safety kit, what is the correct donning sequence?

Answer 69

Put on electrical gloves first.
* Put over-gloves on over the electrical gloves to protect the electrical glove from damage.
* The cuff of the electrical glove must extend beyond the cuff of the over-glove.
* The cuff of the electrical glove must be above the cuffs and sleeves of your PPC.

Question 70

According to SOGs - FRNSW has an interagency notification policy, list the reasons NSW Police are required to be notified

Answer 70

• Possible terrorist incident
• Crime investigation
• Site, crowd, traffic and evacuation management
• Rescue incidents

Question 71

You are responded to fire in a Correctional facility, centre or complex operated by government agencies or private contractors. As stated in FRNSW SOGs on arrival what actions should be taken?

Answer 71

• Identify and liaise with the Emergency Coordinator.
• While waiting to enter, start developing the IAP by accessing information – e.g. pre-incident plans, SOGs, and utilities.
• Where entry to the facility is delayed, nominate a staging area and advise FireCOM to inform responding resources. Remain in the staging area until met by the Emergency Coordinator. Notify FireCOM if entry is delayed.
• Always remain outside facility on standby if it is unsafe to enter.
• At the main entry, access the Red Fire Emergency Plan Box containing the FRNSW pre-incident plan, safety data sheets folder, site plans, and Local Emergency Plans (LEPs) and brief crew about the facility.
• Prepare the appliance and secure equipment before entering the facility. List all equipment to be taken in.

Question 72

According to the Preventing and Managing Unreasonable Behaviour and Bullying Policy, what is the definition of workplace bullying?

Answer 72

Workplace bullying is repeated and unreasonable behaviour directed towards a worker or a group of workers that creates a risk to health and safety

Question 73

According to the ‘Firefighter’ role description found on the Intranet, list 5 Duties/Accountabilities required in this role

Answer 73

· Contribute to the station’s community prevention, risk reduction planning and engagement programs and activities.

· Attend fire and other emergency incidents providing expert knowledge and assistance commensurate with rank.

· Contribute to the Station’s operational readiness, including the maintenance of appliances, tools and equipment.

· Assist with investigations into the cause of fires

· Support the Station Officer in actions to achieve FRNSW’s goals of protecting life, property and other initiatives under the Plus Plan.

· Undertake station duties including the completion of records, reports, correspondence and returns to facilitate the general running of the station.

Question 74

What guidelines should be followed when tasking crews at a residential structure fire?

Answer 74

Task, location and objective

Question 75

. According to STP -What is recommended configuration for relay pumping operation?

Answer 75

Base pump (largest capacity)
Relay pump
Fire ground pump
Max 5 lengths of 70 between base and relay pumps
Max 7 lengths of 70 between relays and fire ground pump

Question 76

According to STP – ‘Fire Safety and Investigation’ there are four classifications of cause. Name and describe them.

Answer 76

• Natural: A fire caused without human intervention or action, such as fires resulting form lightning, earthquake, wind and flood.
• Accidental: Fires for which the proven cause does not involve an intentional human act to ignite or spread the fire into an area where a fire should not be.
• Incendiary: A fire that is intentionally ignited in an area where and when there should not be a fire.
• Undetermined: The cause of the fire cannot be proven to an acceptable level of certainty

Question 77

. Whilst participating in a community event at the local oval and armed offender attack occurs. According to SOGs, what actions should you take?

Answer 77

Escape- As a priority, remove yourself and others from close proximity to the offender/s or areas they might reasonably access. Consider removing or leaving cumbersome equipment so you can move quickly. If it is safe to do so, snatch and grab as many casualties as possible when exiting. Do not stop to provide first aid.
Hide- If you don’t believe you can safely escape, consider sheltering in place. Mute all communications equipment, including private mobile phones, so as not to give away your hiding place. Do not turn off phones as text messaging may be used to update you on the situation. Constantly re-assess the situation and your options, based on the best available information.
Tell- The more information you can pass on to FireCOM or the Police, the better, but never at the risk of your own safety or the safety of others.

Question 78

. According to SOGs - There are many duties of the BA Control Operator, list five.

Answer 78

• Establish BA Control as close to the entry/exit point as possible.
• Check and enter all details on the BA Control Board.
• Ensure that BA team members are identified by a call sign determined by the incident communications plan.
• Calculate and monitor entry and exit times.
• Monitor all radio communications within the sector.

Question 79

According to Firefighters Training Manual - The numbers relayed back from FireCOM for the Hazmat Action Guide (HAG) sheet are used to determine PPE, form, hazards, effect with water, action, firefighting, and personnel decontamination. TX at the end of the transmission means there is text.  What does the text usually refer to?

Answer 79

This TX or text usually relates to Additional Personal Protection (APP)

Question 80

According to SOGs - What can P2 particle masks be used to protect against?

Answer 80

• Known low concentrations of inert dust, such as those produced when cutting metal or wood.
• Concrete, stone and masonry cutting operations where the work piece can be kept wet.
• The particles, but not the gases such as CO, in bushfire smoke.
• Contamination by body fluids

Question 81

According to SOGs - At any incident, the Incident Commander will consider the incident phase and the risk that may be accepted. List and describe the incident the life at risk phase.

Answer 81

Life at risk phase, where there are savable human lives. The incident is uncontrolled and requires rapid actions to control the risks to lives. A higher level of risk may be acceptable

Question 82

According to Firefighters Training Manual -You attend a house fire at 2am and on arrival notice a small amount of smoke issuing from the ground level of a 2-storey residence. Two cars are parked in the driveway. What three principles should you keep in mind when forcing entry?

Answer 82

• enter without undue delay;
• enter with the minimum of structural damage; and
• enter so as to provide access to as much of the building as possible

Question 83

According to SOGs -You respond to a building fire and the contaminated runoff/pollutant is impacting a canal that runs into a creek. Which agencies are you required to notify?

Answer 83

Enviromental protection authority
Safe work NSW
RMS

Question 84

According to SOGs - What are the three basic principles for communication at incidents?

Answer 84

(a) to use the principles of ICS and ensure an effective span of control;
(b) to establish a flow of information at all levels of the incident, without overwhelming the IC or ComCen with superfluous data; and
(c) to ensure the safety of firefighters by using effective communication.

Question 85

According to SOGs - Emergency Response Teams have varying levels of skills, equipment, and training. Depending on the hazards involved, the IC must determine, from Pre-Incident Planning and discussion with the Emergency Response Team Leader, their role at an incident. Name three activities Emergency Response Team can participate in.

Answer 85

• Specialist advice to the IC relating to hazards, industrial processes and installed fire systems.
• Operation of valves and other industrial processes.
• Fire attack under the control of NSWFB officers

Question 86

SOGs describe how to de-escalate an incident. What is de-escalation?

Answer 86

De-escalation is the scaling back of FRNSW involvement at an incident. Both the strategic and tactical levels scale back and delegated functions are handed back to the IC. The IC determines that the incident has been contained and that resources can be released.

Question 87

According to SOGs - The Emergency Control Organisation may consist of people identified by coloured helmets, hats, caps, vests, or tabards. Name the members and the identifying colour.

Answer 87

White- Chief warden Deputy chief warden Communications officer
Yellow- Floor warden Area wardens
Red- Wardens
White cross on a green background- First aid officer

Question 88

What are the correct meanings for the numerical codes

Answer 88

• Code 3- On scene at incident or move-up station (state location/address).
• Code 6- Incident in Rural Fire District.
• Code 4- Available for response. If not returning to station, give destination 
• Code 1- Responding to an incident or move-up – should include a clarification when the appliance is travelling under normal road conditions
• Code 7-Unavailable for response – state reason and transmit Code 4 immediately when available

Question 89

You are completing a pre-incident plan for an occupancy located within your station area. Your priorities are confirming correct keys and swipe cards, along with updating information for the MDT.  The SO directs you to inspect the Fire Control Room. According to the SOGs, What features are included in a Fire Control Room?

Answer 89

• a fire isolated room with a 2-hour fire rating and separate ventilation
• two exit points, to the front of the building and directly into a fire exit
• Fire Indicator Panel
• Fire Fan Control Panel
• Master Emergency Control Panel
• controls for fire pumps
• Security Alarm and Control Panels
• telephone (direct line outside)
• whiteboard, corkboard and plan table
• Tactical Fire Plans (maps and schematics)

Question 90

You are attending an incident at a large cold storage facility. Your SO has directed you to cut into an Insulated Sandwich Panel (ISP). Prior to cutting the ISP, you conduct a risk assessment. According to the SOGs, list the important issues to consider?

Answer 90

• if there is sufficient time and resources available.
• leaked refrigerant gas which may be pocketed behind panels or in ducting
• electrical wiring or refrigerant gas pipes that may be located behind the panels
• the potential to generate sparks that could ignite flammable refrigerant gas or ESP panel cores
• Weakening of the structure when multiple panels are cut.
• An increase in fire activity due to the introduction of air;
  Have a charged line of hose in place for protection before cutting ISPs

Question 91

You are attending a 3rd Alarm structure fire and note the current incident commander is being overwhelmed by radio messages. According to SOGs, following span of control rules, what is the optimal amount an individual resources you should communicate with?

Answer 91

An individual should only have 5 people reporting to them (optimal is 1:5 ratio)

Question 92

It is the responsibility of the Incident Commander (IC) to ensure that in general, each tactical priority has been addressed, according to the SOGs, involving structure fires the IC should consider how many sides of the fire?

Answer 92

Consider the “seven sides” of the fire:

· front

· rear

· both sides

· top

· bottom

· inside

Question 93

On arrival at an incident, you observe the EWIS is operating. Upon closer inspection you note it has defects. According to the SOGs, what actions should you take?

Answer 93

If any defects are noted, advise the NSWFB Fire Safety Division to have the matter investigated. Do not initiate any action yourself

Question 94

You attend a Hazmat incident involving Phosgene, you appreciate the importance of correct spelling of a substance when transmitting messages to Comms. You are requested to relay the message using the phonetic alphabet. What is the correct phonetic alphabet transmission for Phosgene?

Answer 94

Papa, Hotel, Oscar, Sierra, Golf, Echo, November, Echo

Question 95

An MVA has occurred between a truck and two cars requiring the attendance of a rescue unit, the MVA has occurred on the M5 Motorway in the GSA. There are multiple emergency services within NSW that are responsible for rescue incidents. According to SOGs, who determines which emergency service will send a rescue unit to this rescue incident?

Answer 95

NSW Police will determine which emergency service will send a Rescue unit to rescue incidents

Question 96

Fumigation is a process of applying a pesticide chemical to a sealed area for a period, generally to treat insects or other vermin. The pesticide is applied in gas form (or a state that produces a gas) to the area. According to SOGs if a firefighter is exposed to chemicals at a fumigation what actions need to be taken on arrival back at station?

Answer 96

• Have the firefighter shower and dress in clean clothing.
• Record the exposure in the Occurrence Book and in the eAIRS report.
• Complete the Notification of Injury, Illness, Exposure or Near-Miss (NIIENM) form.

Question 97

According to SOGs - FRNSW priorities guide the strategy and incident action plan (IAP) for the incident. What are our priorities at an incident?

Answer 97

• The first priority is the safety of firefighters.
• The second priority is protecting savable lives.
• The third priority is protecting savable property and the environment.
• Resources should not be committed to save what is already lost.

Question 98

According to the clean firefighter policy describe onsite decontamination

Answer 98

Onsite decontamination occurs as people and equipment leave the Hot Zone to recycle, when entering rehabilitation, or when leaving the incident. All people and equipment that have been in the Hot Zone are considered to have been exposed to contaminants and require decontamination

Question 99

According to the clean firefighter policy describe onsite decontamination

Answer 99

Onsite decontamination occurs as people and equipment leave the Hot Zone to recycle, when entering rehabilitation, or when leaving the incident. All people and equipment that have been in the Hot Zone are considered to have been exposed to contaminants and require decontamination

Question 100

According to the Toolkit on the intranet during a bushfire with CFUs. List the roles and responsibilities of CFU members.

Answer 100

• like all residents, must follow Fire Danger Rating instructions and their Bushfire Survival Plan
• do not fight fires or enter bushland; they are only empowered to protect properties in their area of activity from spot fires and ember attack
• are no different to other residents during a bushfire, and do not have any authority, responsibility or role in FRNSW bushfire operations
• must obey instructions from FRNSW firefighters or other emergency service agencies to deactivate and/or evacuate
• after the front has passed, can carry out mopping up on their area of activity, freeing up firefighters to respond to the moving fire front

Question 101

According to SOGs - A medical emergency access incident is an actual or probable situation where either the Police Rescue Coordinator or the Ambulance Service of NSW (ASNSW) Communication Centre Manager considers serious. What do they consider a person at risk of if access is not gained quickly?

Answer 101

• a patient is at risk of further serious injury or death if medical assistance is not provided quickly, and
• a physical barrier or incorporated security system requires the assistance of an accredited rescue unit and/or other resource with the capability to gain access to the patient.

Question 102

According to FRNSW Alcohol and other drugs policy, workers must not be in the workplace with a blood alcohol concentration of how many grams or above of alcohol per 210 litres of breath.

Answer 102

Workers must not be in the workplace with a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.02 grams or above of alcohol per 210 litres of breath (i.e. 0.02mg%)

Question 103

According to STP - What actions should you take upon noticing signs of structural collapse?

Answer 103

• Notify all personnel in the collapse zone
• Notify SO/ Sector commander
• Evacuate premises
• Set up exclusion zone
• Use appropriate water streams

Question 104

According to SOGs - Radio codes for automatic fire alarms (AFAs) are used by the Incident Commander (IC) to send an incident completed (Stop) message to FireCOM at the conclusion of an AFA-reported incident. When AFA call is to an actual fire – i.e., one which FRNSW has been alerted to by the activation of an AFA or manual call point. What is required to be reported to FireCOM?

Answer 104

The IC must ensure that a detailed message is sent with the 100 code. The code is passed to eAIRS, but, on return to station, the eAIRS report needs to be updated to reflect the nature of the incident.

Question 105

According to SOGs - Safety is paramount at all bushfires. A safety briefing must be completed and communicated to firefighters. Firefighters should constantly review LACES. Describe each letter of the acronym LACES

Answer 105

L- Lookouts. Fire crews must LOOKOUT and ensure that they have a clear appreciation of current fire behaviour, location and size of the fire in relation to crew location.
A- Awareness. Firefighters must be aware of what is happening around them, including
* the impact of changes in fire behaviour caused by variations to fuel, weather and topography
* observation of smoke colour, direction and column
* fireground and urban hazards including the potential for falling and dangerous trees and branches * hydration of themselves and others
C- Communications- All fire crews must maintain communication in accordance with the communications plan and ensure safety issues are discussed and addressed immediately.
E- Escape Route- At least two escape routes should be agreed and made known to all relevant personnel. The suitability of escape routes should be reviewed continually to ensure they remain effective
S- Safety Zone- Safety zones (refuge areas) should be identified and made known to all relevant firefighters. Firefighters need to consider escape time and safety zone size requirements, which may change as fire behaviour changes

Question 106

According to SOGs-Fire danger ratings (FDR) give an indication of the consequences of a bushfire. The higher the fire danger, the more dangerous the conditions. List the ratings.

Answer 106

• Catastropic
• Extreme
• High
• Moderate
• No Rating

Question 107

According to SOGs when sending radio messages, to ensure they are easy to understand and hear. How should they be formulated?

Answer 107

Radio messages are repeated to ensure accuracy of messages received, and take the CAN (conditions, actions, needs) format

Question 108

According to SOGs - There are three strategies used during bushfires operations. Name and describe them.

Answer 108

1). Offensive strategy

FRNSW initiates offensive operations at bushfires. The factors that determine the success of an offensive operation are the location and size of the attack and support for the attacking crew. There are three different types of offensive strategy:

· Direct attack

· Parallel attack

· Indirect attack

2). Defensive strategy

The first-priority in defensive operations is safety and all crews must always be accounted for. Focus of effort is concentrated on property protection or structural triage. There are three different types of defensive strategy:

Line defence

Ember defence

Backstop defence

3). Safeguarding strategy

When offensive or defensive strategies are no longer viable with intense fires under the worst conditions, the actions during safeguarding strategy, while not fire suppression, warns, escorts (moves) and protects community members to ensure their safety.

Question 109

According to SOGs - To minimise the risk of heat related illness, what is the minimum level of PPE that should be worn at a bushfire.

Answer 109

To minimise the risk of heat-related illness, level 2 PPE must be worn (at a minimum) unless a higher risk is present. The Personal protective clothing, equipment and uniform recommended practice defines level 2 PPE for bushfire fighting

Question 110

Heat stress is the most common condition which affects firefighters. It all too frequently affects their welfare, but more importantly, it affects their judgement and competence in the field. All firefighters must be able to recognise the symptoms, name three symptoms as stated in SOGs

Answer 110

1. Dizziness
2. Weakness
3. Nause

Question 111

According to SOGs - The status of a bushfire is the degree to which it is under control. What terminology is to be used in radio messages and sitreps to FireCOM

Answer 111

• Going- The fire is spreading on one or more flanks, and effective control strategies are not in place for the entire perimeter.
• Being Controlled Effective strategies are in operation or planned for the entire perimeter.
• Contained The entire perimeter is behind identifiable control lines. Mop up and patrol have started.
• Patrol Firefighting resources are only required for patrol purposes and major reignition is unlikely.
• Out The fire is totally blacked out and can be removed from the list of current fires.

Question 112

According to SOGs - Describe offensive and defensive firefighting strategies

Answer 112

Offensive – operating in close proximity to the hazard
Defensive – operating away from the hazard

Question 113

As stated in SOGs - What does the Incident Action (IAP) usually describe?

Answer 113

Risk management strategy, objectives, tactical priorities, and task level work being done or pending

Question 114

According to SOGs - At a high-rise structure fire, what are the actions of the first arriving Station Commander?

Answer 114

Station Commander becomes Sector Commander for the fire floor, establishes a Forward Control Point, and commences operations from the floor below the fire.

Question 115

According to SOGs - Twin bore tunnels, where traffic flows occur in separate tunnels, the tunnels are usually separated by 4-hour fire-resisting construction. Crossover passages between the tunnels are usually how many metres apart?

Answer 115

Crossover passages between the tunnels are usually 120 metres apart and may be pressurised

Question 116

According to SOGs - List the roles of FRNSW at incidents involving bomb threats or detonations?

Answer 116

Support NSW Police Force or the Australian Defence Force (ADF) by protecting life and property from the effects of fires or hazardous materials that may occur.
* Act as the lead agency in urban search and rescue (USAR) operations, if required.
* If requested, assist NSW Ambulance

Question 117

According to SOGs - When referring to storage facilities describe

Answer 117

• Bulk - more than 4 tonnes (net), or more than 4 cubic metres of a substance, not in individual packages
• Flatbed storage - a single level building or other structure designed for the storage of solids in bulk of more than 40 tonnes.
• Ventilated - containers open to the atmosphere, including silos with explosion vents that have activated
• Sealed- a grain container is sealed during fumigation and semi sealed at other times – includes semi-sealed and oxygen limiting containers.

Question 118

According to SOGs - Standards Australia refers to Breathing Apparatus (BA) as supplied air respirators. Fire and Rescue NSW uses positive pressure supplied air respirators to provide the highest level of protection. Name and describe them

Answer 118

· Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Extended duration breathing apparatus (EDBA): An SCBA set in twin cylinder configuration which allows firefighters to work for approximately twice the time as single cylinder SCBA.

· Airline respirator: An extension facemask with an airline supplied from a source of compressed air.

· All supplied air respirators used by Fire and Rescue NSW provide a similar level of respiratory protection.

Question 119

According to SOGs - Decontamination is the process of removing contaminants from people and equipment to prevent further injury and reduce the spread of the contaminant. What are the three ways decontamination can be implemented

Answer 119

• Standard decontamination- Uses a dedicated decontamination team and equipment when there are sufficient resources.
• Emergency decontamination The combat crew must: Self-decontaminate using wet dilution. Where there is an immediate threat to life, decontaminate other people using wet dilution. Contain runoff, if possible
• Mass decontamination - Decontaminate by wet dilution. Where possible, create separate corridors for men, women, families and emergency services. Contain runoff where possible or deal with it as a separate hazmat incident

Question 120

According to SOGs When dealing with radiological incidents, the first priority is to minimise the exposure to radiation while rendering the incident safe. What are the main considerations for protecting people at radiological incidents?

Answer 120

• Time – minimise the duration of exposure.
• Distance – maximise the distance from the radiological source.
• Shielding – maximise shielding between the radiological source and people.

Question 121

According to SOGs - What are three types of radiation

Answer 121

Alpha, Beta and Gamma

Question 122

According to SOGs - Materials that contain asbestos are known as asbestos containing materials (ACM). If asbestos is encountered at an incident, as far as practical, employ dust suppression tactics and leave ACM in situ. Provide three examples of dust suppression tactics.

Answer 122

• Minimise disturbance – ie restrict salvage and overhaul work.
• Keep it lightly dampened down with fog spray.
• Apply a bonding agent such as a foam blanket or coloured PVA/water mix

Question 123

Materials that contain asbestos are known as asbestos containing materials (ACM). There are generally two categories of ACM name and describe them

Answer 123

• Friable- Any ACM that is in powder form, or that can be crumbled, pulverised, or reduced to powder by hand pressure when dry
• Non-friable- Previously known as bonded. Any ACM that is not friable, including materials containing asbestos fibres reinforced with a bonding compound. (Non-friable ACM that has been reduced to powder by fire or severe impact will become friable

Question 124

According to Standing Orders – The minimum number of new PIPs to be completed by each platoon yearly is?

Answer 124

minimum of four new PIPs a year must be completed by each platoon at a 10/14 station

Question 125

According to Standing Orders - Why does FRNSW conduct hydrant inspections?

Answer 125

The purpose of hydrant inspections is to:
* ensure that hydrants work when needed
* notify water authorities of problems with hydrants, and
* familiarise crews with hydrants in their area.

Question 126

According to the After-Action Review (AAR) Policy - AARs are held for the purpose of reviewing organisational performance, resulting in a series of observations, which are analysed to produce thematic insights. What timeframe should a Type 1 review be conducted?

Answer 126

Immediate or as soon as possible

Question 127

As stated in in the FRNSW Code of Conduct and Ethics - FRNSW has shared values with the NSW Government Sector. Name all the shared values

Answer 127

Integrity, service

Question 128

According to FRNSW Policy Managing Gifts, Benefits and Hospitality Policy and Procedure - Any offer of a gift or benefit in excess of $50 or not token in nature, whether it is accepted or not, must be declared and registered with who?

Answer 128

Declare and register with Professional Standards any gift or benefit that is over the value of $50, and/or not token in nature

Question 129

. According to the infection prevention and control manual - An infection occurs when another organism enters your body and causes disease. There are six main transmission routes, list four.

Answer 129

• Direct contact transmission with blood or body substances
• Indirect contact transmission
• Droplet transmission
• Airborne transmission

Question 130

According to SOGs - What is the unit of measurement for external radiation?

Answer 130

The sievert is a large unit. Radiation dose equivalents are more commonly expressed in terms of:
* millisievert (mSv), one thousandth of a sievert.
* microsievert (μSv), one millionth of a Sievert

Question 131

According to SOGs - The risk of developing asbestos related disease depends on many factors. List three factors.

Answer 131

• Concentration of exposure: Greater quantities of inhaled fibres will increase the likelihood of developing disease.
• Duration of exposure: The longer the duration you are exposed, the greater the likelihood of developing disease.
• Fibre characteristics: The type of fibres inhaled have an effect on the likelihood of developing disease. Shorter, straight fibres are more likely to be breathed deeper into the lungs.
• Other exposures: Exposure to other hazardous materials may compound the likelihood of developing disease. For instance, people who have smoked have a much greater likelihood of developing an asbestos-related disease.

Question 132

. List and define the three zone systems as outlined in SOGs Scene Security

Answer 132

• Hot Zone – where no personnel enter until a DRA determines appropriate actions and level of PPE.
• Warm Zone – where Fire and Rescue NSW conducts its operations.
• Cold Zone – where the Incident Control Point and support agencies are located and where the Police implement overall site control

Question 133

According to SOGs - Operators of aged care facilities have emergency plans, which include a staged evacuation plan. List the stage numbers including the stage FRNSW would likely be involved

Answer 133

• Stage 1 Residents removed from immediate danger – evacuated to an adjoining room or corridor.
• Stage 2 – FRNSW are likely to be involved from this stage Residents removed from adjoining rooms and corridors, away from the emergency (fire, smoke, gas) – evacuated to an adjoining fire or smoke compartment, or another floor below the emergency.
• Stage 3 Residents completely evacuated from the building – evacuated to a nominated safe assembly area.

Question 134

According to SOGs - During bushfire operations safeguarding strategy is not fire suppression but can be used when defensive operations are not safe. Describe the actions taken in this strategy.

Answer 134

• warn – tailored to the current situation and locality
• move – support, assist and move, particularly vulnerable people to a safer location
• protect – when moving to a safe location is impossible provide protection in whatever form necessary.

Question 135

According to SOGs - At a high-rise structure fire, what area provides a safe location with building communications, control equipment and plans?

Answer 135

The Fire Control Room (FCR)

Question 136

SOGs state - In some cases, mostly at larger structures and complexes it may not be appropriate to turn off power to the entire structure. List three of these structures or complexes.

Answer 136

· Industrial complexes – some processes may be difficult to shut down quickly

· High-rise buildings – lights or lifts may be needed during evacuation of residents

· Health care facilities – life-sustaining equipment may be in use.

Question 137

According to the FRNSW smoke alarm installation procedure - When installing a smoke alarm in a residential dwelling, what is the most suitable fixing method to attach to surfaces.

Answer 137

The smoke alarm is to be mounted using only heavy-duty 3M brand double-sided tape available through ESCAT.

Question 138

. Suspicious substance incidents (including suspicious package incidents) are multiagency incidents. FRNSW, the NSW Police Force and the Ambulance Service of NSW have developed multi-agency procedures to provide emergency services personnel with the knowledge, skills, and ability to ensure a consistent and safe approach for management and resolution of suspicious substance incidents. The level of risk can be identified by a colour. What are these colours?

Answer 138

· RED (High Risk Incidents)

· BLUE (Medium Risk Incidents)

· GREEN (Low Risk Incidents)

Question 139

Sexual Harassment is against the law and never acceptable. FRNSW adopts the legal definition of sexual harassment as per the Anti- Discrimination Act 1977. What constitutes sexual harassment as described in the Act?

Answer 139

the person makes an unwelcome sexual advance, or an unwelcome request for sexual favours, to the other person, or
(b) the person engages in other unwelcome conduct of a sexual nature in relation to the other person,
in circumstances in which a reasonable person, having regard to all the circumstances, would have anticipated that the other person would be offended, humiliated or intimidated

Question 140

According to the procedure, list the requirements regarding qualifications for a full or part change of shift.

Answer 140

Replacement firefighters must have similar qualifications required to meet the needs of the position being filled on the particular shift, e.g. rescue, hazmat, pumper or aerial operator qualifications
· Duty Commanders can refuse applications for part or full change of shift if the replacement firefighter does not have the required qualifications.

· A full or part change of shift cannot be performed whilst on leave.

· No firefighter is permitted to work in excess of 24 hours straight, except in the case of a call to an incident or other emergency circumstances.

· Firefighters must have an 8 hour break between shifts.

Question 141

According to the procedure, arrangement for a full or part change of shift- The applicant must submit the form to their Station Commander or Supervisor at least how many hours in advance?

Answer 141

The applicant must submit the form to their Station Commander or Supervisor at least 24 hours in advance

Question 142

According to the FRNSW Act 1989, what is the definition of a hazardous material incident?

Answer 142

Hazardous material incident means an actual or impending land-based spillage or other escape of hazardous material that causes or threatens to cause injury or death or damage to property.

Question 143

. According to the NSW RFS and FRNSW Memorandum of Understanding, response to AFAs within the jurisdictional, responsibility of the RFS the first arriving brigade can de activate the local alarm, who can carry out resetting of the alarm?

Answer 143

The first arriving brigade may de-activate the local alarm if appropriate (not when smoke or fire is evident), but resetting the alarm will only be carried out by FRNSW.

Where the NSWRFS finds there is no fire, a call off should be passed to COMCEN and the FRNSW unit will then continue to the premises under normal traffic conditions to reset the alarm and collect administrative data.

Question 144

According to the Toolkit - Workplace Safety- Annual Workplace Safety Inspections aim to reduce the number of safety incidents by identifying and controlling a broad range of potential hazards in FRNSW-owned or leased workplaces. When must each FRNSW-owned or leased workplace be inspected by each year?

Answer 144

Zone Commanders and Managers are to ensure that each FRNSW-owned or leased workplace is inspected by 31 May each year.

Question 145

According to SOGs - When using a hydrant booster, the IC will instruct the pump operator to run the hydrant booster system in one of three modes. List all three.

Answer 145

• Stand by mode
• Activation mode
• Deactivation mode

Question 146

According to the workplace safety toolkit - Every workplace should have a prominently displayed Health & Safety Notice Board, list all documents that should be attached?

Answer 146

· SIRA Poster - If you get injured at work

· Commissioner’s Safety Statement Safety and Wellbeing Plan 2021-2022

· FRNSW Return to Work Policy and Program Summary

· Workplace Evacuation Diagrams

· WHS Issue Resolution Flowchart

· Guide - NIIENM Submission Workflow

· Safety information and Contacts

· Safety Representatives Template

· First Aid Officers Template

· Fire Warden Templat

Question 147

According to Standing Orders - Smoke screen security devices produce a barrier of dense white fog when a monitored security alarm system is activated. FRNSW may be responded to buildings where the smoke screen has been activated and mistaken for a fire. What are two things’ firefighters should consider before entering the building?

Answer 147

• intruders may still be in the building;
• a real fire may have set off motion detectors and activated the smoke screen device

Question 148

According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what is the definition of thermal capacity?

Answer 148

The amount of heat absorbed for any given increase in temperature.

Question 149

. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, flash fires and dust explosions are similar in conditions. Three conditions occur in both flash fires and dust explosions. Which conditions do NOT occur in both?

Answer 149

the explosive chemical reaction must occur in a confined space. A dust explosion is thus a flash fire that occurs in a confined space

Question 150

During a bushfire, a helicopter is carrying out hot refuelling operations to prepare for ongoing water bombing operations. According to SOGs, a designated Fire Protection Crew should follow what procedures?

Answer 150

Locate the appliance uphill, upwind and at least 50 metres from:

Ø the helicopter landing site

Ø fuel pumps and fuel storage areas

Ø any incident on the airbase.

· During refuelling, firefighters in full PPE will stand by with lines of hose charged, foam eductor attached and B Class foam ready to be inducted.

· Prevent water or foam streams from hitting moving rotors as this may cause catastrophic failure of the rotors and cause serious injury or death for people nearby.

· When life is not at risk, advice should be sought on how to minimise damage to the aircraft before applying foam or water streams.

· When life is at risk, the NSWFB Commander should direct firefighters to apply foam to a fuel fire immediately

Question 151

A 6-level building has a fire burning on the 3rd level. Heat smoke and fire gases are gradually rising through vertical openings and spreading to floors above the fire. As per the Firefighters Training Manual, what factors will mostly affect the levels reached by these stratified layers?

Answer 151

• the type of fuel in the fire;
• size of the fire;
• size of the internal openings;
• height of the building; and
• the weather

Question 152

At a 4th alarm industrial unit fire, the Incident Commander (IC) had assigned Sector Commanders, a Safety Officer and a Staging Officer with four pumps initially in Staging. The IC later requested an extra six firefighters and a Station Commander from Staging, but there was only one pump in Staging. Why was this error not identified?

Answer 152

Assume the role of Staging Officer, with your crew assisting.
* Keep track of resources in Staging.
* As requested by the IC, release resources to be deployed into the incident.
* Advise the IC when spare resources in Staging are low, or fall below the number specified by the IC.

Question 153

You are responding to a fire call in a Scania 320 pumper through small roundabouts in wet weather and the driver reports that the vehicle’s brakes are operating independently and intermittently. In accordance with the Operations Bulletin 2014- 02, what actions should be taken?

Answer 153

Slow down as they are travelling too quickly for the road conditions and must alter their driving behaviour

Question 154

According to the definitions in the STP, provide a detailed description of Hazard and Risk

Answer 154

A hazard is anything in the workplace that has the potential to cause harm to a person.
A risk is the harm that may occur to a person exposed to a hazard
The level of risk is dependent on two factors:

· consequence/severity of potential harm that may be caused

· likelihood of that harm occurring.

Question 155

You attend a 3rd Alarm structure fire, and the Incident Commander (IC) appoints you the Safety Officer. What is the Safety Officer responsible for? List five.

Answer 155

· Communicate with commanders, to identify safety concerns and the control measures implemented.

· Identify hazards likely to affect the safety, health, or welfare of personnel.

· Confirm that all utilities are identified and rendered safe.

· Request the appointment of additional Safety Officers if needed.

· Maintain awareness of the incident communications plan and incident action plan.

Question 156

FRNSW use different methods to ventilate a structure. All ventilation methods require safety precautions. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what safety precautions should you practice during vertical or trench ventilation?

Answer 156

• don’t walk on spongy roofs. Sponginess in the roof is usually a sign that structural members have been weakened;
• take care to prevent firefighters from sliding and falling;
• exercise caution when working near electric wires;
• ensure that firefighters making the opening are standing to the windward side of the cut and wearing the correct protective equipment;
• watch for indications of weakening structure or other hazards;
• apply extreme caution when using power tools;
• keep a firm footing;
• always have a means of retreat.

Question 157

You are performing a fire duty after a fire at a factory. The cause is yet to be determined; the Fire Investigation and Research Unit (FIRU) and Police are at work. An employee asks if he can go and retrieve some personal belongings. According to Part 3 Section 31 of the Fire Brigades Regulation 2014, what is your correct course of action?

Answer 157

A firefighter on fire duty or watch duty at the site of a fire, hazardous material incident or other emergency must:

(a) ensure that:

(i) any premises at the site are not entered, and

(ii) goods are not interfered with or removed from any such premises, otherwise than by persons who can establish their identity and authority to do so, and

(b) report any breach of security to the officer in charge at the site.

Question 158

Hazardous chemical (Hazchem) emergency action codes provide information for the fire brigade and police on how to deal with a fire or spillage. What does the 3-digit code give basic information on?

Answer 158

· Position 1 is a number or a dot, and indicates the type of extinguishing method to use.

· Position 2 is a letter and indicates what type of PPE to use, and whether to dilute or contain the substance.

· Position 3 indicates whether the incident poses and public safety hazard.

Question 159

. To extinguish a fire, we must remove one or more factors that form the fire triangle or fire tetrahedron. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what methods are used to remove one of these factors. List four.

Answer 159

• starvation;
• smothering;
• cooling; and
• interruption of the flame chain reaction

Question 160

According to the Firefighters Training Manual, the use of water as an extinguishing medium on ships has some disadvantages. List three of the disadvantages

Answer 160

· it is likely to damage cargo;

· it may react dangerously with cargo;

· it can affect a ship’s stability;

· it always presents a danger of flooding; and

· FRNSW equipment may not fit shipboard connections.

Question 161

According to STP - Crews operating on levels above the fire should be constantly alert for the potential of fire extension. List the actions should crews take

Answer 161

• Checking concealed spaces, including ducting and pipework with the TIC
• Closing windows and moving flammable material away from windows
• Always having charged lines of hose
• Maintaining communication with outside crews, who can report any externally visible indicators of changed fire activity

Question 162

You are responded to an aircraft on a runway with smoke issuing from behind the piston engine. All passengers and crew are out. It is a radial engine. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, how does the fire risk of this engine compare to an inline engine and what extinguishing medium would you use?

Answer 162

The greater fire risk in this type of engine is in the ancillary equipment. This equipment is usually housed in a bay behind the cylinders
Halons or CO2 are most effective in controlling these fires

Question 163

According to FRNSW Fatigue Management Procedure - Short-term fatigue management is the management of acute fatigue that may occur as a result of tasks undertaken by firefighters during work hours. As a guide, a break from these tasks should be taken how often?

Answer 163

According to FRNSW Fatigue Management Procedure - Short-term fatigue management is the management of acute fatigue that may occur as a result of tasks undertaken by firefighters during work hours. As a guide, a break from these tasks should be taken how often?

Question 164

You have been instructed to commence ventilation. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, when determining where ventilation needs to be carried out, what considerations need to be taken into account?

Answer 164

• the nature and proximity of exposures;
• the size of the fire;
• the seat of the fire;
• the wind and weather conditions;
• the type of building construction; and
• the presence of vertical or horizontal openings and how they may affect ventilation

Question 165

According to SOGs, if co2 is used to extinguish a fire in an underground vault substation what is the minimum time it needs to be kept sealed within the vault?

Answer 165

Upon discharge of the gas, keep the vault closed for at least 20 minutes

Question 166

According to SOGs, what is the definition of decontamination?

Answer 166

Decontamination is the process of removing contaminants from people and equipment to prevent further injury and reduce the spread of the contaminant

Question 167

During a bushfire, your sector contains an area where trees and grass are alight under high voltage power lines. According to SOGs, what are the safe working distances and what firefighting activities can you perform?

Answer 167

Keep people and vehicles a minimum of 25 metres clear of a fire burning under or near power lines
Only knock down low (less than 2 m) isolated flames not producing a convection column or heavy smoke

Question 168

You need to attach a delivery to the hydrant outlet. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, hydrants have what types of deliveries

Answer 168

• double delivery;
• elbow delivery; and
• standpipe delivery

Question 169

A BA team reports to a Breathing Apparatus Control Operator (BACO) two floors below the fire floor at a high-rise structure fire. They provide their BA tallies to the BACO and proceed to the fire floor but remain in the fire stairs for ten minutes before donning BA and beginning firefighting tasks. Ten minutes after that the BACO is trying to contact the Sector Commander urgently stating that they are running low on air when they are not. According to SOGs, what went wrong?

Answer 169

The BA wearer notifies the BACO when they don their facemask and begin using their air supply
In this scenario the BA team neglected to notify the BACO that they were donning their face masks and going on air. The BACO made the assumption that the BA team had gone on air when they handed over their tallies.

Question 170

According to SOGs, there are five members of a decontamination team. Name all members.

Answer 170

· Decontamination Officer

· Wash Operator

· Wash Assistant

· Disrobe Assistant

· Pump Operator

Question 171

At an incident, fire crews believe accelerants may have been used. According to Standing Orders, what are possible signs of accelerant use?

Answer 171

• characteristic burn pattern,
• indication of fire trailers,
• rapid fire development inconsistent with available combustible materials,
• unusual odours, or
• damage to building consistent with a vapour explosion

Question 172

You are in charge of firefighters providing fire protection during helicopter refuelling. You instruct them to wear full PPE. According to SOGs, what full PPE will they wear?

Answer 172

· Full structural firefighting ensemble, including helmet and gloves

· Flash hood

· SCBA

· Ear plugs – which provide sufficient protection at 50 metres

Question 173

Under the FRNSW Act 1989, define flammable matter?

Answer 173

(a) any substance capable of ignition or combustion by the application of heat, by means of sparks or spontaneously, and
(b) any substance prescribed as flammable for the purposes of this definition.

Question 174

. According to SOGs- Bushfire classes are determined by the level of resources committed to the fire, and its potential impact on the community, economy, essential infrastructure, and not its size. Describe a Class 3 bushfire?

Answer 174

A major bushfire or fires where an appointment is made or is imminent under the provisions of Section 44 of the Rural Fires Act 1997.

Question 175

In relation to toxic chemicals, what are the four main types of military warfare agents?

Answer 175

· Nerve or G agents

· Blister agents or H agents (vesicants – skin & eye irritants)

· Blood agents (chemical asphyxiants)

· Choking agents (respiratory irritants)

Question 176

You are first arriving Station Commander at a fire to find smoke issuing from a single level house. You have not conducted a 360° size up but have given your crew initial tasks. What actions would most assist in formally assuming command?

Answer 176

· Confirm via initial radio report to FireCOM that an IC is in place.

· Name command.

· Select an appropriate command position – i.e. fast attack or stationary.

· Wear a tabard.

Question 177

You respond to a High-Rise building. According to SOGs, High Rise buildings are generally described by what characteristics?

Answer 177

High-rise structures are 25 metres or more in height, with 10 or more levels, and numerous essential services

Question 178

According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what conditions should be determined before carrying out ventilation?

Answer 178

• the seat of the fire has been located;
• crews are ready to enter with charged hose lines;
• back-up crews are ready to enter; and
• communications have been established amongst all crews.

Question 179

You are the Incident Commander at a hazardous materials incident and find wastewater coming from an adjoining business is entering the Hot Zone and spreading contaminants. You order this water supply to be shut off, but the business owner next door complains that he will lose money by shutting down production. What are your general powers in this situation as stipulated under the FRNSW Act?

Answer 179

13 General powers of officers at fires and hazardous material incidents

(1A) At the site of a hazardous material incident, the officer in charge—

(a) may take such measures as the officer thinks proper for the protection and saving of life and property, for confining and ending the incident and for rendering the site safe, and

(b) is to control and direct the operations of any fire brigade.

The site is taken to be such area in the vicinity of the incident as is for the time being determined by the officer in charge.

Question 180

FRNSW incident management is consistent with the Australasian Inter-service Incident Management System (AIIMS). What are the key principles of AIIMS?

Answer 180

• Flexibility – being able to be applied across all types of incidents.
• Management by objectives – having a set of objectives and a plan for managing those objectives to resolve the incident.
• Functional management – having eight functional areas, or activities, which are core responsibilities of the Incident Commander: Control, Operations, Planning, Intelligence, Public Information, Investigation, Logistics, and Finance. With the exception of Control, the Incident Commander can delegate these functions as required by the needs of the incident.
• Unity of command – having only one recognised Incident Commander, with each individual reporting to one supervisor.
• Span of control – having an individual ideally supervise no more that 5 people (a 1:5 ratio), with variation of 1:3 to 1:7, depending upon the activity, geography, or nature of the incident.

Question 181

According to SOGs, Describe the term “All Clear.”

Answer 181

All clear means – “search and rescue have been completed and the Incident Controller is satisfied that all occupants have been accounted for.”

Question 182

You are the Incident Commander at a large factory fire. There are 8 pumps code 3 at the incident. According to SOGs, list two combinations could you allocate these pumps to achieve three-deep deployment?

Answer 182

1 crew in hot zone, 1 in warm zone recycling, 1 crew on deck, 5 in staging
1 crew in hot zone, 1 crew on deck and 6 in staging

Question 183

FRNSW is committed to achieving the principles and requirements of the Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion Policy, to achieve this what are all employees responsible for?

Answer 183

• Creating a culturally safe workplace environment which is free from discrimination and everyone is valued and treated with respect;
• Working collaboratively to recognise and appreciate equity, diversity and inclusion;
• Identifying and addressing any form of discrimination in the workplace

Question 184

According to the Transfer and Mobility Policy, list the reasons permanent Officers and Firefighters may seek transfer or be transferred to other locations.

Answer 184

• Career development
• Operational capability (skills and qualifications development)
• Compassionate issues/staff welfare
• Location based transfers.
• Performance /disciplinary

Question 185

According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what does the term latent heat of vaporisation refer to?

Answer 185

The amount of heat required to vaporise a unit weight of the extinguishing medium

Question 186

According to the Firefighters Training Manual, water is drawn from various types of water mains. Name the types of mains.

Answer 186

• Trunk mains that supply water from the original source to a secondary distribution point;
• Distributary mains that supply water from the secondary distribution point to sub-divided areas such as a suburb; and
• Reticulation mains that feed off distributary mains and feed individual streets and buildings.
• Recycled Water Mains
• Static

Question 187

Insulated Sandwich Panels (ISPs), especially those with Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) cores can create an extremely hazardous environment for firefighters and may force adoption of a defensive strategy from an early stage. According to SOGs, what are the reasons for this?

Answer 187

The rate of fire development—much of which occurs within the cavities and is not visible—renders standard structural firefighting tactics unsafe or ineffective

1. EPS melts and flows like a liquid. It is highly flammable, inducing rapid fire spread, which is undetectable with thermal imaging cameras (due to the insulating properties of the panels) and can spread to areas remote from the fire origin.
2. Panel delamination, where the hot metal panel skins bow and open up, rapidly increases the rate of fire spread, which heats the ceiling void, creates secondary pool fires from melted EPS, and causes panels to collapse (Figure 2).
3. There is an increased risk of flashover and backdraught.
4. Large volumes of toxic, thick, black, acrid smoke are produced.
5. Sudden, loss of structural integrity may cause substantial building collapse

Question 188

According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what are the main types of aircraft?

Answer 188

• civil;
• military; and
• helicopters (civil and military)

Question 189

According to SOGs, when responding into a Rural Fire District, when are you required to send a Code 6?

Answer 189

-Immediately it becomes apparent to the Officer-in-Charge (OIC) of an FRNSW appliance that they have received a call to an incident located within a Rural Fire District, or
− With the Code 1 (responding) message if it is known at the time of the call that the incident is in a Rural Fire District

Question 190

. According to Operations Bulletin 2023-02. List the risk management measures that should be taken when attending incidents involving hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV).

Answer 190

• Conduct atmospheric monitoring with a four head gas detector for LELs to detect if hydrogen is leaking.
• Use a thermal imaging camera (TIC) to identify if hydrogen fire is present.
• Conduct thermal checks on the battery using a TIC to determine whether thermal runaway may be occurring within the lithium-ion battery. Increasing temperature is an indication that a thermal runaway event may be occurring. If so, use a hose stream to cool.
• Establish an exclusion zone (minimum 15 m) around any hydrogen FCEV incident

Question 191

The operation (or non-operation) of the pressure relief valve on an LPG storage or transport container does not necessarily mean that a BLEVE is imminent. However, if the valve is operating on an LPG storage container that has no odorant and is labelled accordingly the internal pressure of the cylinder may be rising. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what are indicators of a possible BLEVE?

Answer 191

• any increase in the noise level from the valve;
• any sign of bulging or blistering on the outside of the tank or cylinder.

Question 192

. In accordance with SOGs, when developing objectives, strategies and tactics what should be considered?

Answer 192

• the response time for requested support;
• the requirements for relief crews and refreshments; and
• whether a change of shift might be necessary

Question 193

You are the Officer in Charge at a hazardous materials incident, and the site manager is failing to cooperate. You advise the site manager of your authority to enter and operate under the FRNSW Act, what does it state?

Answer 193

19 General power to remove persons or obstacles
The officer in charge at a fire or hazardous material incident may cause to be removed any person, vehicle, vessel or thing the presence of whom or which at or near a fire or hazardous material incident might, in the officer’s opinion, interfere with the work of any fire brigade or the exercise of any of the officer’s functions.

Question 194

According to the Toolkit - Conduct - Respectful Workplaces, Clear communication is one of the best ways to build a respectful workplace and to avoid conflict. What is the tool that will help employees to communicate clearly when addressing difficult topics.

Answer 194

1) Prompting questions to initiate the discussion
2) Probing questions to increase the depth of the information received
3) Reflection statements to clarify your understanding and encourage further dialogue

Question 195

According to the Toolkit - Mental fitness- What program offers an external service that provides professional and confidential counselling/coaching to help you with challenges, issues or concerns that may be affecting you at work or home.

Answer 195

The employee assistance program through Converge International

Question 196

What are principles of situational evaluation in incident management?

Answer 196

The IC must identify a set of critical factors and process them into the Incident Action Plan (IAP).
-The IC can only deal with 3-7 critical factors at any one time.
-Critical factors must be communicated to FireCOM.
-Critical factors may change rapidly as the incident evolves. IAP must be modified as critical factors change.
Collecting and evaluating
-Collecting and evaluating information may start before arriving on scene.
-Once on scene, further information can be collected and rapidly evaluated via the initial size up from the vehicle.
-Where possible, the IC should collect additional information via a 360 degree size up.
-The IC should continually collect information during the incident from commanders and other external sources – eg onsite experts, weather bureau, other agencies.
-Situation evaluation only ends when command is terminated.-
-Anyone at the incident may collect information regarding critical factors – these must be communicated to the IC.
Decision-making
-The IC’s initial size up and decision-making about critical factors may need to be rapid.
-Once the incident is contained, the IC should take a more deliberate approach

Question 197

According to SOGs - During the de-escalation of an incident, at what stage is command terminated?

Answer 197

Command is only terminated when the last resource leaves the incident

Question 198

Collecting and evaluating
-Collecting and evaluating information may start before arriving on scene.
-Once on scene, further information can be collected and rapidly evaluated via the initial size up from the vehicle.
-Where possible, the IC should collect additional information via a 360 degree size up.
-The IC should continually collect information during the incident from commanders and other external sources – eg onsite experts, weather bureau, other agencies.
-Situation evaluation only ends when command is terminated.-
-Anyone at the incident may collect information regarding critical factors – these must be communicated to the IC.
Decision-making
-The IC’s initial size up and decision-making about critical factors may need to be rapid.
-Once the incident is contained, the IC should take a more deliberate approach

Answer 198

TICs are not intrinsically safe. Do not use these tools in potentially flammable atmospheres
If there is a possibility a flammable atmosphere exists, use a gas detector to monitor lower explosive limit (LEL). If an LEL reading greater than zero is obtained, the TIC must be removed from the Hot Zone.

Question 199

According to SOGs - A major goal for the IC is to develop an Incident Action Plan for the incident. What is an incident action plan?

Answer 199

An Incident Action Plan (IAP) describes, at any point in time, the risk assessment, strategy and objectives, incident structure, incident layout, and other relevant information. It is used to manage the incident.

Question 200

According to SOGs - What are the terms used in an initial radio report, to indicate the size of a structure at a fire incident.

Answer 200

The terms are defined in terms of hose lay (2x30m) as follows:
* Small – One hose lay can cover the entire structure.
* Medium – One hose lay can cover 75% of the structure.
* Large – One hose lay will cover 50% of the structure.
* Very large – One hose lay will cover 25% of the structure.
* Mega – One hose lay will cover 10% of the structure

Question 201

As stated in SOGs - Example -Initial radio report - The initial radio report (IRR) is sent by the first arriving officer to FireCOM. It time-stamps command, confirms and identifies the IC, and records initial details about the incident. It should be in Conditions, Actions, Needs (CAN) format and should include?

Answer 201

Conditions – the key critical factors and hazards (eg life risk, exposures under threat, live electrical power).
Actions – the strategy, the control measures being implemented, and the tasks crews are undertaking.
Needs – additional resources needed if control measures are insufficient.

Question 202

According to Standing Orders - The Community Activities Reporting System (CARs) is the platform for reporting community activities engaged in at a station level and by our other specialist units. Who is authorised to enter completed activities in CARs.

Answer 202

Any member of the crews participating in the activity can complete the report, provided that they have direct knowledge of the information they are submitting

Question 203

According to FRNSW Cyber Security policy - Employees are responsible to protect the information they use and manage as part of their daily job. Employees are expected to complete Cyber Security Awareness Training how often?

Answer 203

Each employee must complete annual Cyber Security Awareness Training,

Question 204

According to the Bushfire Hazard reduction procedure - There are two types of broad area prescribed burns. What are they?

Answer 204

A ‘simple’ prescribed burn is characterised by low risk, low intensity, small area, low potential impact on assets, completion in one shift and minimal variation of fuel and terrain.
A ‘complex’ prescribed burn is characterised by moderate to high risk, a range of fire intensity, medium to large areas, significant potential impact on assets and involve a variety of fuels and terrain.

Question 205

According to the Bushfire Hazard reduction procedure - Pile burns may be carried out by FRNSW to dispose of vegetation resulting from what activities?

Answer 205

• there is a total fire ban (TOBAN)
• the EPA has issued a No-Burn Notice (unless prior exemption has been granted)
• the Fire Behaviour Index (FBI) is greater than 23**
  **The RFS allows burning on days with FBI greater than 23. If FRNSW is assisting RFS with a prescribed burn, they may be required to continue assisting on these days

Question 206

According to CASE STUDY 2023-06 on the Intranet, four firefighters injured by unauthorised equipment - During 2020-2021, four firefighters required treatment in hospital after being injured by unauthorised equipment that had been brought into FRNSW workplaces. What is FRNSWs definition of unauthorised equipment as described in the case study?

Answer 206

Unauthorised equipment is any item which is purchased, introduced, or used within an FRNSW workplace that has not first met the requirements of the Procurement Manual

Question 207

When conveying sensitive information on an open channel what should be considered as listed in SOGs?

Answer 207

should be sent by alternative means of communication such as mobile phone, GRN private call facility, or face-to-face.

Question 208

According STP - Who must give consent for PIP inspections to be conducted on a premises?

Answer 208

PIP inspections shall only be conducted with the consent of the building owner or occupier of the building and in accordance with FRNSW standing orders

Question 209

According to Six Minute Intensive Training-Door entry - What are the door entry techniques that can be used with the Halligan tool?

Answer 209

Inward Adze Roll Technique, Fork Drive, Outward Adze (drive and steer)

Question 210

According to Six Minute Intensive Training-Door entry - What are the five steps to forcing a door?

Answer 210

1. Size up - Assess how urgent the situation is. If it is not time critical, consider passive ways of making entry- Through a window, wait for keys etc. Conduct 360 of premises, trying all windows and doors.
2. Gap – Usually starting with the Adze blade, work the tool between the door and door stop or door frame to create a workable gap. A second fire fighter may be required with sledge axe to “strike” Halligan tool to get a start.
3. Set – With a gap established between the door and frame (a wedge may be required), manoeuvre tool to complete the forced entry. This could be the Adze or fork end of the tool, depending on situation.
4. Force- Final action to defeat the lock. Using the mechanical advantage leverage of the tool to complete the spread. Two fire fighters may be required for some doors.
5. Control – Open the door in such a way so as not to have an adverse effect on the situation. Use Adze on Halligan to hook the back of the door to pull closed.

Question 211

According to Six Minute Intensive Training - During Firefighting Operations, what does fire attack crew never ignore?

Answer 211

FIRE ATTACK crew never ignores a casualty

Question 212

. According to Six Minute Intensive Training – Search and rescue during firefighting operations-The objective of a search is to confirm an ALL CLEAR, this is usually broken into what two components?

Answer 212

The PRIMARY SEARCH is rapid and systematic, usually carried out simultaneously with fire attack, if fire conditions and crew response allow.
A SECONDARY SEARCH is more thorough and methodical, undertaken to confirm casualties have not been missed. The secondary search is often conducted once Fire control has been achieved and at times can be done simultaneously with ventilation

Question 213

According to SOGs - Describe the terms withdraw and abandon as used by the IC to indicate to crews the urgency required to move from offensive to a defensive strategy.

Answer 213

Withdraw – this indicates that firefighters have enough time to exit the structure or the position they are working in, with all their equipment, in a controlled manner. It is usually given by the IC in response to a tactical CAN report. An example of a message given to a Sector Commander or crew could be: Sector Commander Bravo we are changing strategy to defensive for the entire structure withdraw all crews and report PARS on exit. If there is more than one sector then this would be conveyed to all sectors.
Abandon – this indicates that there is an immediate threat to firefighter lives and the firefighters must exit the structure or position they are working in immediately and only bring equipment with them if it will not compromise their safety. This could be that a fire has rapidly escalated, wall collapse is imminent, or a trench is about to collapse. An example of a message is: All sectors roof collapse imminent we are going to a defensive strategy abandon your positions and report if you do not have a PAR. The term abandon should be the exception rather than the rule

Question 214

As stated in Six Minute Intensive Training – Search and rescue during firefighting operations - What signs would indicate it’s time to withdraw?

Answer 214

• Worsening fire/smoke conditions
• Signs of structural collapse (see STP 33Z)
• Previously unknown hazards e.g. Acetylene
• Emergency Radio Message signaling: - Loss of PAR - Change to a Defensive Strategy via an order from the I.C. to Withdraw or Abandon

Question 215

According to Safety Bulletin 2023-03 TIC lanyard entanglement risk - If the TIC needs to be handed between members of firefighting or search and rescue teams what is the safest method to pass to the front firefighter?

Answer 215

It is safest to do so around the side of the body of the front firefighter and not over the shoulder

Question 216

According to Six Minute Intensive Training, what is the purpose of placing an appliance in the fend off position?

Answer 216

It uses the appliances bulk and visibility to form a physical barrier protecting FRNSW personnel, other emergency services and patients from oncoming traffic.

Question 217

According to the SIMS worksheet - Warning gear is used to mark off incidents sites and warn the public that FRNSW operations are nearby. As listed on the worksheet list three forms of warning gear.

Answer 217

Warning gear includes: Eflare or strobe kit, the Hazard Ahead sign, barrier and hazmat Hot Zone tape, witch’s hats, and breakdown road triangles

Question 218

According to the SIMS Worksheet - All extinguishers are inspected and serviced by who and at what timeframes?

Answer 218

All extinguishers are inspected and serviced by a competent person six monthly, annually and five yearly (AS 1851). Ensure this service has been undertaken and report any deficiencies to the Station Command

Question 219

According to STP - What removal technique provides a time efficient technique that removes an unconscious or decreased level of consciousness firefighter from their equipment providing access for assessment and further medical intervention?

Answer 219

The mayday drag

Question 220

According to SOGs when responded to a Community First Responder incident and the patient refuses care. What should you do?

Answer 220

If care is refused, observe the patient until the ambulance arrives.
Assume an unconscious patient wants assistance.
If a patient previously refusing treatment loses consciousness, treat them.

Question 221

According to Recommended practice - To ensure visibility, firefighters must always wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) when working on roadways. List the PPE that can be used.

Answer 221

Structural firefighting coat, Multi-purpose coat, High visibility vest, High-visibility raincoat, Duty wear trousers, Structural firefighting trousers.

Question 222

According to SOGs - Occasionally, FRNSW personnel may have to prepare a helicopter landing site. List the points to be considered when doing this.

Answer 222

• position the landing site in an area 30 m x 30 m minimum, on solid, level ground away from power lines or wires, and clear of trees or similar obstacles
• mark the corners of the landing site by placing a firefighter at each corner and cordon off to prevent unauthorised entry. Do not use tape or loose materials
• clear all loose debris from the area, e.g. paper bags, cigarette cartons, aluminium cans etc, and secure all NSWFB equipment near the landing site
• in dry, dusty conditions, the landing site may require wetting down to maintain visibility during landing and take off.

Question 223

According to SOGs - Structure Fires in Rural Fire Districts- Where FRNSW is requested to assist the NSW RFS at a structure fire in a rural Fire District who will be the Incident Controller?

Answer 223

The senior officer from the NSW RFS present at the fire will be the Incident Controller

Question 224

According to Recommended practice, list four safety precautions when using extension ladders

Answer 224

The maximum number of persons permitted on the ladder at any time is two. Exercise care when ascending and descending ladders. Firefighters climbing the ladder must ensure they have 3 points of contact on the ladder. A point of contact is either a hand holding a rung, or a foot firmly placed on a rung. An firefighter must always foot the ladder by standing on the anti-slip feet and holding either the rungs or the handles when anybody is on the ladder. Maintain a working angle of 4:1. For every 4 metres the head of the ladder extends up the wall, the base of the ladder must be a metre from the wall. If the head extends 8 metres up the wall, the base must be 2 metres from the wall, etc.

Question 225

According to SOGs - When must Level 1 or Level 2 Rehabilitation be considered?

Answer 225

Incident ground rehabilitation applies at all emergency incidents and training exercises involving strenuous physical activity, long duration activities, or severe environmental conditions.

Question 226

According to SOGs - What two items do FRNSW use that lays out safe working practices to manage the safety of firefighters at incidents?

Answer 226

FRNSW manages the safety of firefighters at incidents by providing training and doctrine that lays out safe working practices.

Question 227

According to SOGs - There are many aspects to ensuring safety at an incident, from the IC implementing the correct strategy, down to the firefighters wearing the right PPE for their assigned tasks. Incident safety can therefore be described in terms of what three levels?

Answer 227

Individual – task level
Commanders – tactical level
Incident Commander – strategic level

Question 228

Describe the term Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL).

Answer 228

The short term exposure limit (STEL) is the maximum concentration of a substance to which a worker may be exposed for no more than 15 minutes, 4 times a day over an 8 hour day with 60 minutes between exposures.

Question 229

According to SOGs - What safety related worksheet is used as method of documenting hazards or risks and control measures at an incident?

Answer 229

Incident safety worksheets are one method available to create a written record for incident safety.