LF Exam Flashcards
1
Q
According to STP - What are the 3 Golden rules to follow when applying foam?
A
- Do not start to apply foam unless you have enough to extinguish the fire or cover the fuel spill.
- point the branch away from the fire until good, finished foam is being produced
- you cannot mix different foam concentrates
2
Q
According to STP - List 3 hazards/considerations when using CAFS at a structure fire.
A
CAFS hose lines have a build-up of pressure when the branch is closed, this causes a larger jet reaction than a standard hose.
‘Slug flow’, when the proportion of foam, air and water is wrong. It will cause the finished foam to “shudder” or “pulsate” as it is exiting the branch.
Does not contain enough water for internal attack.
3
Q
According to STP - List 5 actions to take when combatting a natural gas leak with no fire involved.
A
- structural PPE & SCBA
- evacuate all persons from immediate area.
- remove all sources of ignition.
- respond gas comp.
- protection line using fog spray.
- if possible, crimp line to stop leak.
4
Q
According to STP - Acetylene is a very volatile gas, exploding cylinders can penetrate double brick walls or metal freight containers & land 200m away. How many hours after the cylinder is removed from the fire or heat source, if it is not cooled, can this explosion occur?
A
24 hours.
5
Q
According to STP - When reading a fire, we need indicators to base our decisions on, what are the most important indicators?
A
B-Sahf
* building
* smoke
* Air track
* heat & flame
6
Q
According to STP - What techniques enable us to control the interior environment during a structure fire?
A
- Gas Cooling
- Short pulse
- long pulse
- Direct and Indirect attack
7
Q
According to STP - List 2 common hose laying techniques that can be used by firefighters?
A
- S lay
- Cleveland load
8
Q
Complete the following in relation to the Fire and Rescue NSW Act 1989 Part 3, Division 1, Section 11 Brigades to proceed with speed to suspected fires or hazardous material incident………?
A
1) When there is an alarm of fire, a fire brigade must, despite anything to the contrary in any Act, proceed with all speed to the fire and try by all possible means to extinguish it and save any lives and property that are in danger.
2) When there is a report of a hazardous material incident, a fire brigade must, despite anything to the contrary in any Act, proceed with all speed to the site of the incident, and try by all possible means to render the site of the incident safe and save any lives and property that are in danger.
9
Q
Complete the following in relation to the Fire and Rescue NSW Act 1989 Part 3, Division 1, Section 12 of the FRNSW Act, Investigation of reported fires and Hazardous material incident………?
A
1) The O.I.C. in charge may with or without members of a fire brigade enter any place
a) in respect of which an alarm of fire is raised to ascertain whether there is a fire at that place or
b) in respect of which a report of a hazardous material has been made to ascertain whether there is any hazardous material at the place that is or about to be the subject of a hazardous materials incident
2) Use reasonable force, whether by breaking down gates or fences or breaking open doors or otherwise may be used to gain entry.
10
Q
Section 13, of the FRNSW Act states the “General Powers of Officers at fires and hazardous material incidents”. State this provision.
A
1) At a fire the O.I.C.
a) may take such measures as the officer thinks proper for the protection and saving of life and property and for the control and extinguishing of the fire and
b) is to control and direct the operations of any fire brigade
2) At the site of a hazardous material incident the O.I.C.
a) may take such measures as the officer thinks proper for the protection of saving life and property for confining and ending the incident and for rendering the site safe and
b) to control and direct the operations of any fire brigade.
11
Q
Section 19 of the FRNSW Act lists the powers at fires and hazardous material incidents. State the provisions of this Section: “General power to remove persons or obstacles.”
A
- The O.I.C. at a fire or hazardous material incident may cause to be removed any person, vehicle, vessel, or thing the presence of whom or which at or near a fire or hazardous material incident might in the officer’s opinion interfere with the work of any fire brigade or exercise of any of the officer’s functions.
12
Q
At an incident that has been declared a crime scene, a member of the public seeks details from you, the senior firefighter/officer on duty, about the incident. State your response according to the Fire Brigades Regulation (2014) Clause 22, Disclosure of information.
A
A Firefighter must not disclose information in the Firefighters capacity as a Firefighter unless the disclosure is made
A) in the exercise of the Firefighter’s functions
B) about factual matters that are generally available to the public or,
C) by an approved Firefighter to media representatives,
D) at the direction or permission of the commissioner or,
E) with another lawful excuse.
13
Q
Section 17 of the Fire Brigades Regulation (2014) refers to unacceptable behaviour. List five circumstances when a firefighter’s behaviour would be deemed unacceptable.
A
(a) come on duty while under the influence of alcohol or a drug, or
(b) while on duty, consume, use or possess any alcohol or drug, or
(c) while on duty, gamble in circumstances that adversely affect the discipline or
efficiency of Fire and Rescue NSW, or
(d) smoke at a fire or drill, in any departmental premises or in any departmental
vehicle, or
(e) smoke in any public place while in uniform,
(f) while off duty, enter or remain on departmental premises without authority.
14
Q
As stated in the Standing Orders, to avoid serious accidents at intersections when responding to an emergency, what actions should drivers of responding vehicles approaching a stop sign or red signal take?
A
Slow down, enter the intersection at a speed of not more than 8kmh and proceed only when safe to do so,
Whenever passing through the stop sign or red light would involve the vehicle in an accident, the driver must come to a halt and not move off again until it is safe to proceed.
15
Q
According to Standing Orders, when are seatbelts required to be worn when travelling in FRNSW vehicles (including tankers)?
A
- At All times when travelling in a FRNSW Vehicle.
16
Q
According to Standing Orders, with no impact of the service delivery, List the procedures to be followed if drivers of FRNSW vehicles are involved in an accident.
A
Suspended from driving for the balance of shift unless the exigencies of the service dictate to the contrary.
17
Q
Fire Brigades Regulation, Part 3, Section 14: Firefighters to acquire and maintain knowledge of legislation, orders, and functions. List the provisions.
A
- A Firefighter must acquire and maintain a thorough knowledge of, and comply with the requirements of the ACT, this regulation and the commissioners’ directions
- A Firefighter must acquire and maintain the knowledge and skills relevant to the performance of the firefighters’ functions
18
Q
According to STP -The National Construction Code classes buildings “Class 1” through to “Class 10”. The class of building is a measure of the buildings likely: List these four points.
A
- use.
- fire load.
- population.
- and mobility of the occupants, such as whether they are sleeping or alert.
19
Q
According to the Fire Investigation toolkit on the Intranet, when should you request FIRU for assistance?
A
- The origin or cause of the fire is not apparent.
- The fire involves a fatality, or a person is not expected to live.
- The fire is considered major (4th alarm, significant damage)
20
Q
As listed in STP - What form populated by firefighters gives the Fire Investigator a summary of firefighter actions at an incident.
A
- S.O.F.A. (Summary of Observations and Firefighter Action Report)
21
Q
STP - Details how a structure fire will burn within one of two burning regimes. List and describe the regimes.
A
- Fuel controlled. Fires with more than enough air for combustion.
- Ventilation controlled. Where the heat release rate is dictated by the availability of oxygen.
22
Q
STP - Identifies the search priority in multi storey buildings, list the priorities.
A
The fire floor, the floor above, the top floor.
23
Q
STP - Outlines when a working at a task/tactical level and a firefighter becomes trapped, injured missing or overdue. What message should be sent to draw attention to the situation?
A
Mayday message.
24
Q
According to STP - When is an Incident Management System required to be used at incidents FRNSW attends?
A
Every incident FRNSW attends.
25
According to STP -There are eight strategic functions of command the Incident Commander needs to address. List all eight.
* deployment
* command
* Situation evaluation
* incident action planning
* Incident communications
* incident structure
* review and revision
* escalation & de-escalation
26
According to STP - At every incident there must be a steady, adequate, and timely stream of resources. Who is the only person to deploy resources at an incident?
The IC
27
. List the Smoke Management Systems found in road tunnels that could assist in clearing the smoke?
* longitudinal ventilation
* ducted ventilation
* natural ventilation
* a combination of the above.
28
According to SOGs -As an incident develops and crews become fatigued, they will need to be rested. Name and describe the two ways crews can be rested.
Recycle – Crew stops work for a short period just outside the Hot Zone, to rest, rehydrate, and replenish air cylinders if relevant. They remain accountable to I.C. or Sector commander
Full rehabilitation – Crew is released and moves to the rehabilitation area. Once there, they are accountable to a Rehabilitation Officer.
29
According to SOGs - List and describe the three incident phases.
life at risk phase. There are saveable human lives, incident is uncontrolled and requires rapid actions. a higher level of risk may be acceptable.
expanding phase. Incident is likely to expand beyond excepted limits. Incident is uncontrolled and requires rapid actions to control risk to lives and property. Some level of risks acceptable
contained phase. There are sufficient resources to contain the incident within a defined area. No life at risk or lives and property is already lost. Risk minimised.
30
According to Standing Orders who are the people authorised to ride on FRNSW appliances?
Firefighter in the course of their duty
employees of FRNSW who’s duty requires their attendance at an emergency
members of other emergency services at the discretion of the member in charge
other persons authorised by the commissioner
31
According to STP - List and describe three ways foam controls and extinguishes fire.
excluding-smothering the fire of oxygen
suppressing flammable vapours to stop them igniting
cooling the surface temperature to prevent re-ignition
32
According to STP – What are the characteristics of liquid petroleum gas (LPG)?
odourless
colourless
heavier than air
33
According to STP - What is the term used when a liquid within a container reaches a temperature well above its boiling temperature, boils, expands and the container fails sending flammable gas outwards where it ignites.
BLEVE. Boiling, Liquid, Expanding Vapour, Explosion
34
According to STP - What can be used to conduct a thermal check of an acetylene cylinder.
* TIC
* infrared thermometer
* wetting test.
35
Expand the Acronym – SISIACMR
* Safe approach
* Incident control
* Scene security
* Identify hazardous materials
* Assess the potential harm
* Call for resources
* Monitor information
* Render safe and decontaminate
36
According to STP - What is the most suitable extinguishing agent for rubber fires?
Water
37
According to STP -There are several stages of Lithium-Ion battery failure list and describe the stages.
Abuse factor. Thermal, electrical, or mechanical abuse.
off-gas generation. Occurs regardless of cell form factor.
Smoke generation. Catastrophic failure is imminent
Fire generation. Likelihood of propagation is drastically increased
38
According to the Workplace Safety toolkit on the intranet, what should you complete when a work-related injury, near miss, exposure or illness occurs and in what timeframe after the occurrence should it be submitted?
Notification of Injury, Illness, Exposure, or near Miss (NIIENM) should be submitted within 24hrs of occurrence.
39
According to the toolkit on the intranet - If you are unable to submit or fill out a NIIENM who else can submit one for you?
Supervisor or co-worker on their behalf
40
In New South Wales, Emergency Services carry out land-based rescues under what Act?
State Emergency and Rescue Management act 1989
41
As stated in the SERM Act,1989 who is responsible for coordinating rescue operations and for determining the priorities of action to be taken in rescue operations?
NSW police force.
42
According to STP - FRNSW uses the YOU principle to establish priorities of safety at a rescue incident. What are these priorities of safety?
Yourself and other rescuers.
Other persons not involved.
Unfortunate persons (involved).
43
According to STP -What is the correct PPC and procedure for fire protection at an MVA?
1 Firefighter full structural PPE & SCBA
1 manned 38mm hose line charged 400kpa, recirc open.
if fire occurs, charge line to 800kpa
44
According to STP - What environments should SCBA be worn in?
HOTS
Heated or extremely low temp.
Oxygen deficient or enriched environments.
Toxic atmospheres.
Smoke.
45
Owners and occupiers of premises can deposit keys at their nearest fire station so that firefighters can gain access without causing unnecessary damage. Located in the Forms filing cabinet on the intranet, name the two forms that need to be completed when receiving keys to private premises.
Keys Deposit Form
Keys to private premises form
46
As stated in the Health, Fitness and Wellbeing Toolkit- What is a mandatory requirement to complete prior to undertaking the annual Fitness Drill?
PARQ Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire
47
According to Operations Bulletin 2020-04 - Failure to report damage. When an appliance is found to have unreported damage, the Fleet Operations Officer or Regional Maintenance Officer will notify the Station, Duty, and Zone Commander in writing. The responsible station must submit what form within 8 days?
agency member motor vehicle claim form
48
According to the Fire E-Permit policy, a fire permit issued within the ‘Bush Fire Danger’ period will be valid for a period of how many days from the date of issue?
7 days.
49
According to the Fire E-Permit policy, what aspect of the planned fire does the permit take into account?
the safety aspect of the planned fire
50
According to STP - Where should Warden Intercom Points be in a building?
At Emergency intercommunication control and indication equipment EICIE (Chief Wardens Handset).
Within 4 m of exit within each emergency zone.
Within 4 m of exit on each storey.
Within emergency lift shafts.
Adjacent to Fire Detection Control and Indicating Equipment FDCIE if remote from EICIE.
51
According to STP, name the components in an AS 2118.1 sprinkler alarm valve room.
(1) Main stop valve
(2) Test drain
(3) Sprinkler test facility
(4) Sprinkler alarm valve
(5) System pressure gauge
(6) Deluge valve
(7) Water supply with water supply pressure gauge
52
According to STP, there are two control measures when dealing with live power at an incident. List and describe them.
TURNING OFF POWER. firefighters can turn off main switch, remove fuses and switch off circuit breakers at the switch board.
ISOLATE POWER. energy authority disconnects power from the network.
53
According to STP - Firefighters can “turn off” a solar power system to stop electricity feeding into the structure’s circuits or back to the electricity network if configured to do so. State the recommended procedure.
on site consultation
assume switchboard is live
follow shut down procedure near board or inverter. If not found, turn off main inverter switch, then solar panel main switch.
Isolate power
consider if benefits outweigh risks.
54
According to STP -When a battery energy storage system is present at a residence, there should be an indicator to alert you to this. What is an example of an indicator, located outside the switchboard.
ES sticker.
55
Operations Bulletin 2023-01- Lists operational actions to follow when dealing with Lithium-ion battery failure in small devices. List these actions.
* Unplug device from mains power
* knock down fire with copious amounts of water
* cool battery with stream of water
* submerge device using shovel
* If unable to submerge the device, continue cooling and conduct thermal checks every 15 minutes until ambient temperature is maintained for 60 minutes
* Notify FIRECOM that fire involves lithium ion device.
56
According to STP - If solar panels, or the attached isolators, are on fire, in addition to the considerations with turning off an alternative power source what actions should firefighters take?
conduct firefighting from ground or aerial appliance
do not go on roof
do not put ladder against roof
use spray nozzle with pulse pattern
if on ground use co2 with 250mm space
57
According to STP - Overhaul is a procedure we follow after we attend an incident and extinguish the fire. For your safety during overhaul what is it essential for you to do?
Wear SCBA and full set of Firefighter PPC
Perform atmospheric monitoring using a gas detector.
58
According to STP - What is the minimum PPE that can be worn at a bush fire?
Level 2 PPE.
59
According to STP - Property protection is the act of protecting property from the impact of a wildfire. At a major wildfire, FRNSW crews generally engage in property protection roles. We generally have 3 strategies for carrying out property protection. Name and describe them.
Line defence - protect the perimeter of the property until resources are sufficient for an offensive attack. Stay mobile and be able to relocate quickly.
Ember Defence - focus on extinguishing embers and spot fires around structures. Remain mobile hit and move.
Backstop Defence - Firefighter retreat while a Fire front passes and move back into save saveable structures afterwards.
60
Operations Bulletin 2023-01- Lists the hazards and risks at incidents involving Lithium-ion batteries in small devices. List all as stated in the bulletin.
thermal runway
extreme fire behaviour
release of toxic vapour gases
Hazardous materials and leaked electrolytes
stranded energy
projectiles
secondary ignition
61
As described in STP - When conducting ventilation using a fan, what is the most effective inlet/outlet ratio?
1:4
62
According to SOGs - When an LPG container is involved in fire, what area of the container is considered most crucial and a high priority area for cooling?
The containers vapour space (area above the liquid)
63
As recommended in STP - When conducting ventilation with a fan, the fan should be set back approximately how far from the door.
The fan should be set back approximately the height of the door.
64
According to Work Instruction- “Bagging contaminated gear” What equipment is required for bagging contaminated gear (not PPC) at an incident to minimise the risk presented by hazardous contaminants during storage or transport?
contaminated gear bags (suitable for contaminant).
cable ties or strong tape to seal bags.
contaminated equip tag.
65
You are responded to a bushfire with four Fire Rescue NSW pumpers two RFS tankers and one inspector, according to SOGs what class is the fire?
Class 2.
66
According to the guideline support document for electricity SOGs - Electrical transformers in high density areas of cities maybe situated in underground vaults, if a fire occurs in one of these vaults, CO2 can be injected via a wall mounted or footpath CO2 connection box. What does the number on the connection box indicate?
The number of cylinders that needs to be discharged
67
According to the guideline support document for electricity SOGs - What factors affect voltage gradient at wires down?
composition of ground
moisture content of ground
voltage of the electrical source
68
According to the guideline support document for electricity SOGs - Conductors allow electricity to easily pass through them. List five conductors.
human body
water
metals
wet or dirty rope
timber or trees
69
According to the guideline support document for electricity SOGs - Name four measures to control the risks associated with electricity.
Stay away from the hazard. Always regard it as live until you know otherwise.
* Assess the risks from at least 8 metres away from the hazard.
* establish an Exclusion Zone.
* Have the electricity company isolate power.
70
As listed on the SIMS Worksheet: Electrical safety kit - State the inventory stored in the green canvas bag of the electrical safety.
1 pair insulating gloves.
1 pair leather over gloves
2 non-contact voltage detectors
71
According to Recommended practice - When using the gloves from the electrical safety kit, what is the correct donning sequence?
* Put on electrical gloves first.
* Put over-gloves on over the electrical gloves to protect the electrical glove from damage.
* The cuff of the electrical glove must extend beyond the cuff of the over-glove.
* The cuff of the electrical glove must be above the cuffs and sleeves of your PPC.
72
According to SOGs - FRNSW has an interagency notification policy, list the reasons NSW Police are required to be notified.
possible terrorist incident
crime investigation
site, crowd, traffic, and evacuation management
rescue incidents
73
You are responded to fire in a Correctional facility, centre or complex operated by government agencies or private contractors. As stated in FRNSW SOGs on arrival what actions should be taken?
identify and liaise with the emergency coordinator
nominate a staging area and advise comms
access red fire emergency plan box and start developing an I.A.P.
list equipment to be taken into facility
74
According to the Preventing and Managing Unreasonable Behaviour and Bullying Policy, what is the definition of workplace bullying?
Workplace bullying is repeated, and unreasonable behaviour directed towards a worker or a group of workers that creates a risk to health and safety
75
According to the ‘Firefighter’ role description found on the Intranet, list 5 Duties/Accountabilities required in this role.
1. Contribute to the station's community prevention, risk reduction planning and engagement programs and activities.
2. Attend fire and other emergency incidents providing expert knowledge and assistance commensurate with rank.
3. Contribute to the Station's operational readiness, including the maintenance of appliances, tools and equipment.
4. Assist with investigations into the cause of fires.
5. Support the Station Officer in actions to achieve FRNSW’s goals of protecting life, property, and other initiatives under the Plus Plan.
6. Undertake station duties including the completion of records, reports, correspondence and returns to facilitate the general running of the station.
76
According to STP - What guidelines should be followed when tasking crews at a residential structure fire?
Strategy and objectives (MAYBE)
77
According to STP -What is recommended configuration for relay pumping operation?
Base pump should be the largest capacity appliance. 5 lengths between base and relay pump. 7 lengths between relay pumps and between relay pump and fireground pump.
78
According to STP – ‘Fire Safety and Investigation’ there are four classifications of cause. Name and describe them.
Natural. Fire caused without human intervention or action.
Accidental. Fires for which a proven cause does not involve an intentional human act to ignite or spread the fire into an area it should not be.
Incendiary. Fire that is intentionally ignited in an area where and when there should not be a fire.
Undetermined. The cause of the fire cannot be proven to an acceptable level of certainty.
79
Whilst participating in a community event at the local oval and armed offender attack occurs. According to SOGs, what actions should you take?
Escape:
* As a priority, remove yourself and others from close proximity to the offender/s or areas they might reasonably access.
* Consider removing or leaving cumbersome equipment so you can move quickly.
* If it is safe to do so, snatch and grab as many casualties as possible when exiting. Do not stop to provide first aid.
Hide:
* If you don’t believe you can safely escape, consider sheltering in place.
* Mute all communications equipment, including private mobile phones, so as not to give away your hiding place. Do not turn off phones as text messaging may be used to update you on the situation.
* Constantly re-assess the situation and your options, based on the best available information.
Tell:
The more information you can pass on to FireCOM or the Police, the better, but never at the risk of your own safety or the safety of others.
80
According to SOGs - There are many duties of the BA Control Operator, list five.
establish BA control as close to entry exit point.
check and enter all details on BA control board.
calculate and monitor entry and exit times.
monitor radio comms with sector.
indicate location of BA staging and rehab area.
81
According to Firefighters Training Manual - The numbers relayed back from FireCOM for the Hazmat Action Guide (HAG) sheet are used to determine PPE, form, hazards, effect with water, action, firefighting, and personnel decontamination. TX at the end of the transmission means there is text. What does the text usually refer to?
This TX or text usually relates to Additional Personal Protection (APP).
82
According to SOGs - What can P2 particle masks be used to protect against?
* low concentrations of inert dust
* concrete, stone, and masonry dust , when wetted down.
* smoke particles from bushfire smoke
* body fluids contamination
83
According to SOGs - At any incident, the Incident Commander will consider the incident phase and the risk that may be accepted. Describe the life at risk phase.
Where there are saveable human lives. The incident is uncontrolled and requires rapid actions to control the risk to lives. A higher level of risk may be acceptable.
84
According to Firefighters Training Manual -You attend a house fire at 2am and on arrival notice a small amount of smoke issuing from the ground level of a 2-storey residence. Two cars are parked in the driveway. What three principles should you keep in mind when forcing entry?
* enter without undue delay.
* enter with the minimum of structural damage; and
* enter so as to provide access to as much of the building as possible
85
According to SOGs -You respond to a building fire and the contaminated run-off/pollutant is impacting a canal that runs into a creek. Which agencies are you required to notify?
Environment Protection Agency
86
According to SOGs - What are the three basic principles for communication at incidents?
(a) to use the principles of I.C.S. and ensure an effective span of control
(b) to establish a flow of information at all levels of the incident, without
overwhelming the I.C. or ComCen with superfluous data; and
(c) to ensure the safety of firefighters by using effective communication.
87
According to SOGs - Emergency Response Teams have varying levels of skills, equipment, and training. Depending on the hazards involved, the IC must determine, from Pre-Incident Planning and discussion with the Emergency Response Team Leader, their role at an incident. Name three activities Emergency Response Team can participate in.
specialist advice to the I.C. relating to hazards, industrial processes and installed fire systems.
operation of valves and other industrial processes.
fire attack under the control of FRNSW officer.
88
SOGs describe how to de-escalate an incident. What is de-escalation?
As the incident draws to a conclusion or reduces in complexity, the incident structure scales down and FRNSW resources are released until FRNSW involvement eventually terminates.
89
According to SOGs - The Emergency Control Organisation may consist of people identified by coloured helmets, hats, caps, vests, or tabards. Name the members and the identifying colour.
chief warden, deputy warden, communications officer, white helmet
floor warden, area warden, yellow helmet
warden, red helmet
first aid officer, green with white cross helmet
90
What are the correct meanings for the numerical codes:
* Code 3 -on scene at incident or move up.
* Code 6 -incident in RFS area
* Code 4 -available to respond.
* Code 1 – responding to incident or move up.
* Code 7 -unavailable to respond (with reason)
91
You are completing a pre-incident plan for an occupancy located within your station area. Your priorities are confirming correct keys and swipe cards, along with updating information for the MDT. The SO directs you to inspect the Fire Control Room. According to the SOGs, what features are included in a Fire Control Room?
* fire isolated room-2hr fire rating, separate ventilation
* 2 exit points
* F.I.P.
* Fire fan control panel
* master emergency control panel
* controls for fire pumps
* security alarm and control panels
* telephone (direct line outside)
* whiteboard, corkboard, plan table
* tactical fire plans
92
You are attending an incident at a large cold storage facility. Your SO has directed you to cut into an Insulated Sandwich Panel (ISP). Prior to cutting the ISP, you conduct a risk assessment. According to the SOGs, list the important issues to consider?
* sufficient time and resources available
* any leaked refrigerant gas
* electrical wiring or gas pipes behind panels
* potential to generate sparks that would ignite refrigerant or ISP panel cores
* weakening of the structure
* increase of fire activity with introduction of air
93
You are attending a 3rd Alarm structure fire and note the current incident commander is being overwhelmed by radio messages. According to SOGs, following span of control rules, what is the optimal amount an individual resources you should communicate with?
1:5-7
94
It is the responsibility of the Incident Commander (I.C.) to ensure that in general, each tactical priority has been addressed, according to the SOGs, involving structure fires the IC should consider how many sides of the fire?
Consider the "seven sides" of the fire:
Front
Rear
both sides
top
bottom and inside.
95
On arrival at an incident, you observe the EWIS is operating. Upon closer inspection you note it has defects. According to the SOGs, what actions should you take?
notify the fire safety division
96
You attend a Hazmat incident involving Phosgene, you appreciate the importance of correct spelling of a substance when transmitting messages to Comms. You are requested to relay the message using the phonetic alphabet. What is the correct phonetic alphabet transmission for Phosgene?
Papa, Hotel' Oscar, Sierra, Golf, Echo, November, Echo.
97
An MVA has occurred between a truck and two cars requiring the attendance of a rescue unit, the MVA has occurred on the M5 Motorway in the GSA. There are multiple emergency services within NSW that are responsible for rescue incidents. According to SOGs, who determines which emergency service will send a rescue unit to this rescue incident?
NSW police.
98
Fumigation is a process of applying a pesticide chemical to a sealed area for a period, generally to treat insects or other vermin. The pesticide is applied in gas form (or a state that produces a gas) to the area. According to SOGs if a firefighter is exposed to chemicals at a fumigation what actions need to be taken on arrival back at station?
shower and dress in clean clothing
record the exposure in the occurrence book and airs report
complete a NIIENM form
99
According to SOGs - FRNSW priorities guide the strategy and incident action plan (I.A.P.) for the incident. What are our priorities at an incident?
The first priority is the safety of firefighters.
The second priority is protecting saveable lives.
The third priority is protecting saveable property and the environment.
100
According to the clean firefighter policy describe onsite decontamination.
Onsite decontamination occurs as people and equipment leave the Hot Zone to recycle, when entering rehabilitation, or when leaving the incident.
All people and equipment that have been in the Hot Zone are considered to have been exposed to contaminants and require decontamination.
101
According to the Toolkit on the intranet during a bushfire with CFUs. List the roles and responsibilities of CFU members.
must follow the fire danger rating and survival plan
do not enter fires or bushland
only empowered to protect properties from spot fires and ember attack
no different from other residents and do not have any authority
must obey instructions from FRNSW
when front has passed carry out mopping up
102
According to SOGs - A medical emergency access incident is an actual or probable situation where either the Police Rescue Coordinator or the Ambulance Service of NSW (ASNSW) Communication Centre Manager considers serious. What do they consider a person at risk of if access is not gained quickly?
further serious injury or death .
103
According to FRNSW Alcohol and other drugs policy, workers must not be in the workplace with a blood alcohol concentration of how many grams or above of alcohol per 210 litres of breath.
0.02
104
According to STP - What actions should you take upon noticing signs of structural collapse?
notify all personnel in the collapse zone
notify IC,
notify S.O. or Sector commander
evacuate premises
set up exclusion zone
use appropriate water streams
105
According to SOGs - Radio codes for automatic fire alarms (AFAs) are used by the Incident Commander (IC) to send an incident completed (Stop) message to FireCOM at the conclusion of an AFA-reported incident. When AFA call is to an actual fire – i.e., one which FRNSW has been alerted to by the activation of an AFA or manual call point. What is required to be reported to FireCOM?
A 100 code with a detailed message.
106
According to SOGs - Safety is paramount at all bushfires. A safety briefing must be completed and communicated to firefighters. Firefighters should constantly review LACES. Describe each letter of the acronym LACES.
Lookouts – Fire crews must LOOKOUT and ensure that they have a clear appreciation of current fire behaviour, location and size of the fire in relation to crew location.
Awareness – Firefighters must be aware of what is happening around them, including: − the impact of changes in fire behaviour caused by variations to fuel, weather and topography − observation of smoke colour, direction and column − fireground and urban hazards including the potential for falling rocks and trees − hydration of themselves and others.
Communications – All fire crews must maintain communication in accordance with the communications plan and ensure safety issues are discussed and addressed immediately.
Escape Routes – At least two escape routes should be agreed and made known to all relevant personnel. The suitability of escape routes should be reviewed continually to ensure they remain effective.
Safety Zones – Safety zones (refuge areas) should be identified and made known to all relevant firefighters. Firefighters need to consider escape time and safety zone size requirements, which may change as fire behaviour changes.
107
According to SOGs-Fire danger ratings (FDR) give an indication of the consequences of a bushfire. The higher the fire danger, the more dangerous the conditions. List the ratings.
No rating, moderate, high, extreme, catastrophic.
108
According to SOGs when sending radio messages, to ensure they are easy to understand and hear. How should they be formulated?
follow the C.A.N format: Conditions, Actions, Needs
109
According to SOGs - There are three strategies used during bushfires operations. Name and describe them.
offensive strategy: direct attack, parallel attack and indirect attack
defensive strategy: line defence, ember backstop
safeguard strategy: when defensive or offensive strategy are no longer viable, fire too intense
110
According to SOGs - To minimise the risk of heat related illness, what is the minimum level of PPE that should be worn at a bushfire.
level 2 PPE
111
Heat stress is the most common condition which affects firefighters. It all too frequently affects their welfare, but more importantly, it affects their judgement and competence in the field. All firefighters must be able to recognise the symptoms, name three symptoms as stated in SOGs.
Dizziness, Weakness & Nausea
112
According to SOGs - The status of a bushfire is the degree to which it is under control. What terminology is to be used in radio messages and sitreps to FireCOM?
Going,
Being Controlled,
Contained,
Patrol,
Out,
113
According to SOGs - Describe offensive and defensive firefighting strategies.
Offensive - operating in close proximities to the hazards
defensive - operating away from the hazards
114
As stated in SOGs - What does the Incident Action (I.A.P.) usually describe?
The IAP describes, at any point in time, the risk assessment, strategy and objectives, incident structure, layout of the incident, and any other relevant information.
115
According to SOGs - At a high-rise structure fire, what are the actions of the first arriving Station Commander?
* sector commander for fire floor
* establish forward control point
* commence operations from the floor below the fire
116
According to SOGs - Twin bore tunnels, where traffic flows occur in separate tunnels, the tunnels are usually separated by 4-hour fire-resisting construction. Crossover passages between the tunnels are usually how many metres apart?
120m
117
According to SOGs - List the roles of FRNSW at incidents involving bomb threats or detonations?
* support NSW police or ADF by protecting life and property from the effects of fire or hazardous materials that may occur.
* act as a lead agency in urban search and rescue operations
* if requested, assist NSW ambos
118
According to SOGs - When referring to storage facilities describe-
* Bulk
* Flatbed storage
* Ventilated
* Sealed
BULK: more than 4 tonnes or 4 cubic metres of material is stored not in individual packages.
Flatbed Storage: single storey building or other structure designed for the storage of more than 40 tonnes of bulk solid material.
Ventilated: container open to the atmosphere.
Sealed: container that has its openings sealed to prevent oxygen entering container.
119
According to SOGs - Standards Australia refers to Breathing Apparatus (BA) as supplied air respirators. Fire and Rescue NSW uses positive pressure supplied air respirators to provide the highest level of protection. Name and describe them.
* Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
* Extended duration breathing apparatus (EDBA): An SCBA set in twin cylinder
configuration which allows firefighters to work for approximately twice the time
as single cylinder SCBA.
* Airline respirator: An extension facemask with an airline supplied from a source
of compressed air.
120
According to SOGs - Decontamination is the process of removing contaminants from people and equipment to prevent further injury and reduce the spread of the contaminant. What are the three ways decontamination can be implemented.
Standard decon
Emergency decon
Mass decon
121
According to SOGs When dealing with radiological incidents, the first priority is to minimise the exposure to radiation while rendering the incident safe. What are the main considerations for protecting people at radiological incidents?
Time – minimise the duration of exposure.
Distance – maximise the distance from the radiological source.
Shielding – maximise shielding between the radiological source and people.
122
According to SOGs - What are three types of radiation.
Alpha
Beta
Gamma and X rays
123
According to SOGs - Materials that contain asbestos are known as asbestos containing materials (ACM). If asbestos is encountered at an incident, as far as practical, employ dust suppression tactics and leave ACM in situ. Provide three examples of dust suppression tactics.
minimise disturbance
lightly damper down with fog spray
wrap or cover with plastic sheeting
124
Materials that contain asbestos are known as asbestos containing materials (ACM). There are generally two categories of ACM name and describe them.
Friable - in powder form or that can be crumbled, pulverised, or reduced to powder by hand pressure when dry.
Non-Friable-include materials with asbestos fibres reinforced with a bonding compound e.g. fibre cement.
125
According to Standing Orders – The minimum number of new PIPs to be completed by each platoon yearly is?
4
126
According to Standing Orders - Why does FRNSW conduct hydrant inspections?
* ensure that hydrants work when needed
* notify water authorities of problems with hydrants, and
* familiarise crews with hydrants in their area.
127
According to the After-Action Review (AAR) Policy - AARs are held for the purpose of reviewing organisational performance, resulting in a series of observations, which are analysed to produce thematic insights. What timeframe should a Type 1 review be conducted?
immediately or as soon as possible.
128
As stated in in the FRNSW Code of Conduct and Ethics - FRNSW has shared values with the NSW Government Sector. Name all the shared values.
Respect
Integrity
Service
Courage
129
According to FRNSW Policy Managing Gifts, Benefits and Hospitality Policy and Procedure - Any offer of a gift or benefit in excess of $50 or not token in nature, whether it is accepted or not, must be declared and registered with who?
professional standards
130
According to the infection prevention and control manual - An infection occurs when another organism enters your body and causes disease. There are six main transmission routes, list four.
Direct,
Indirect,
Droplet,
Airborne,
131
According to SOGs - What is the unit of measurement for external radiation?
Sievert (Sv)
132
According to SOGs - The risk of developing asbestos related disease depends on many factors. List three factors.
concentration of exposure
duration of exposure
fibre characteristics
133
List and define the three zone systems as outlined in SOGs Scene Security.
Hot Zone, no person can enter until a DRA determines appropriate actions and level of PPE.
Warm Zone, where FRNSW conduct their operations.
Cold Zone, where incident control point and support agencies are located.
134
According to SOGs - Operators of aged care facilities have emergency plans, which include a staged evacuation plan. List the stage numbers including the stage FRNSW would likely be involved.
Stage 1. Residents removed from immediate danger and evacuated to an adjoining room or corridor.
Stage 2. FRNSW likely to be involved from this stage: residents removed from adjoining rooms and corridors away from the emergency into an adjoining fire or smoke compartment or floor below the emergency.
Stage 3. Residents completely evacuated from the building to a nominated safe assembly area.
135
According to SOGs - During bushfire operations safeguarding strategy is not fire suppression but can be used when defensive operations are not safe. Describe the actions taken in this strategy.
* Warn. tailored to the current situation and locality
* Move. support, assist and move, particularly vulnerable people to a safer location
* Protect. when moving to a safe location is impossible, provide protection in whatever form necessary.
136
According to SOGs - At a high-rise structure fire, what area provides a safe location with building communications, control equipment and plans?
fire control rooms
137
SOGs state - In some cases, mostly at larger structures and complexes it may not be appropriate to turn off power to the entire structure. List three of these structures or complexes.
healthcare facilities
industrial complexes
high rise buildings
138
According to the FRNSW smoke alarm installation procedure - When installing a smoke alarm in a residential dwelling, what is the most suitable fixing method to attach to surfaces.
double sided tape
139
Suspicious substance incidents (including suspicious package incidents) are multi-agency incidents. FRNSW, the NSW Police Force and the Ambulance Service of NSW have developed multi-agency procedures to provide emergency services personnel with the knowledge, skills, and ability to ensure a consistent and safe approach for management and resolution of suspicious substance incidents. The level of risk can be identified by a colour. What are these colours?
RED, high risk. BLUE, medium risk. GREEN, low risk
140
Sexual Harassment is against the law and never acceptable. FRNSW adopts the legal definition of sexual harassment as per the Anti- Discrimination Act 1977. What constitutes sexual harassment as described in the Act?
* the person makes an unwanted sexual advance or an unwelcome request for sexual favours to the other person or
* the person engages in other unwelcome conduct of a sexual nature in relation to the other person in circumstances in which a reasonable person, having regard to all the circumstances would have anticipated that the other person would be offended, humiliated or intimidated
141
According to the procedure, list the requirements regarding qualifications for a full or part change of shift.
replacements must have similar qualifications required to meet the needs of the position being filled on a particular shift
142
According to the procedure, arrangement for a full or part change of shift- The applicant must submit the form to their Station Commander or Supervisor at least how many hours in advance?
24hrs
143
According to the FRNSW Act 1989, what is the definition of a hazardous material incident?
an actual or impending land-based spillage or other escape of a hazardous material that causes or threatens to cause injury or death or damage to property
144
According to the NSW RFS and FRNSW Memorandum of Understanding, when responding to AFAs within the jurisdictional, responsibility of the RFS, the first arriving brigade can de activate the local alarm, who can carry out resetting of the alarm?
FRNSW officer
145
According to the Toolkit - Workplace Safety- Annual Workplace Safety Inspections aim to reduce the number of safety incidents by identifying and controlling a broad range of potential hazards in FRNSW-owned or leased workplaces. When must each FRNSW-owned or leased workplace be inspected by each year?
31st may each year
146
According to SOGs - When using a hydrant booster, the IC will instruct the pump operator to run the hydrant booster system in one of three modes. List all three.
Standby mode
Activation mode
De-activation mode
147
According to the workplace safety toolkit - Every workplace should have a prominently displayed Health & Safety Notice Board, list all documents that should be attached?
SIRA poster
Commissioners’ safety statement and wellbeing plan
Return to work policy and programme summary.
WHS issue resolution flowchart guide
Safety rep template
148
According to Standing Orders - Smoke screen security devices produce a barrier of dense white fog when a monitored security alarm system is activated. FRNSW may be responded to buildings where the smoke screen has been activated and mistaken for a fire. What are two things’ firefighters should consider before entering the building?
request the attendance of police as intruders may still be inside
confirm with comms if an AFA has been activated
Breathing apparatus must be worn by firefighters when entering the building and until the fog is dispersed, as the fog may contain toxic products.
149
According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what is the definition of thermal capacity?
The amount of heat absorbed for any given increase in temperature.
150
According to the Firefighters Training Manual, flash fires and dust explosions are similar in conditions. Three conditions occur in both flash fires and dust explosions.
Which conditions do NOT occur in both?
* the explosive chemical reaction must occur in a confined space
151
During a bushfire, a helicopter is carrying out hot refuelling operations to prepare for ongoing water bombing operations.
According to SOGs, a designated Fire Protection Crew should follow what procedures?
Locate the appliance uphill, upwind and at least 50 metres from:
* the helicopter landing site
* fuel pumps and fuel storage areas
* any incident on the airbase.
During refuelling, firefighters in full PPE will standby with lines of hose charged, foam eductor attached and B Class foam ready to be inducted.
Prevent water or foam streams from hitting moving rotors as this may cause catastrophic failure of the rotors and cause serious injury or death for people nearby.
When life is not at risk, advice should be sought on how to minimise damage to the aircraft before applying foam or water streams. When life is at risk, the NSWFB Commander should direct firefighters to apply foam to a fuel fire immediately.
152
A 6-level building has a fire burning on the 3rd level. Heat smoke and fire gases are gradually rising through vertical openings and spreading to floors above the fire. As per the Firefighters Training Manual, what factors will mostly affect the levels reached by these stratified layers?
type of fuel in the fire
size of the fire
size of the internal openings
height of the building
weather
153
At a 4th alarm industrial unit fire, the Incident Commander (IC) had assigned Sector Commanders, a Safety Officer and a Staging Officer with four pumps initially in Staging. The IC later requested an extra six firefighters and a Station Commander from Staging, but there was only one pump in Staging. Why was this error not identified?
The I.C. should specify a minimum number of spare resources required in Staging.
154
You are responding to a fire call in a Scania 320 pumper through small roundabouts in wet weather and the driver reports that the vehicle's brakes are operating independently and intermittently. In accordance with the Operations Bulletin 2014-02, what actions should be taken?
they are travelling too quickly for the road conditions and must alter their driving behaviour.
155
According to the definitions in the STP, provide a detailed description of Hazard and Risk.
Hazard - anything in the workplace that has the potential to cause harm to a person. Hazards can be an object or a thing- e.g. acetylene cylinder, hazardous manual task or the way work is done. Physical hazards, chemical hazards ergonomic hazards or psychological hazards
Risk - is the harm that may occur to a person exposed to a hazard. The level of risk is dependent on the likelihood, and severity.
156
You attend a 3rd Alarm structure fire, and the Incident Commander (I.C.) appoints you the Safety Officer. What is the Safety Officer responsible for? List five.
identify unsafe conditions or operations and report them to IC
correct unsafe work practices through the appropriate commander. If this affects strategy and tactics inform the IC so that the IAP can be reviewed
communicate with commanders to identify safety concerns and the control measures implemented
identify hazards likely to affect the safety health or welfare of personnel
assist IC to complete the operation risk assessment worksheet
confirm all health and safety systems are in place
confirm all utilities are identified and rendered safe
157
FRNSW use different methods to ventilate a structure. All ventilation methods require safety precautions. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what safety precautions should you practice during vertical or trench ventilation?
don’t walk on spongy roofs
take care to prevent Firefighters sliding and falling
exercise caution when working near elect wires
ensure Firefighters making the opening are standing to the windward side of the cut, correct PPE
watch for indications of weakening structure and other hazards
apply extreme caution when using power tools
keep a firm footing
always have a means of retreat
158
You are performing a fire duty after a fire at a factory. The cause is yet to be determined; the Fire Investigation and Research Unit (FIRU) and Police are at work. An employee asks if he can go and retrieve some personal belongings. According to Part 3 Section 32 of the Fire Brigades Regulation 2014, what is your correct course of action?
A firefighter on fire duty or watch duty at the site of a fire, hazardous material incident or other emergency must—
(a) ensure a person does not enter, or interfere with or remove goods from, premises at the site unless the person establishes the person’s identity and authority to do so, and
(b) if a person unlawfully enters, or interferes with or removes goods from, premises at the site—report the person to the officer in charge at the site.
159
According to SOGs, as the Incident Commander, you may choose a fast attack command position. What does fast attack enable the I.C. to do?
more fully size up the incident
directly supervise the crew
assist the crew with task level work if needed
take advantage of the limited window of opportunity available while the incident is in its early stages
160
Hazardous chemical (Hazchem) emergency action codes provide information for the fire brigade and police on how to deal with a fire or spillage. What does the 3-digit code give basic information on?
Extinguishing Medium
Personal Protection
Evacuation
161
To extinguish a fire, we must remove one or more factors that form the fire triangle or fire tetrahedron. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what methods are used to remove one of these factors. List four.
starvation
smothering
cooling
interruption of the flame chain reaction
162
According to the Firefighters Training Manual, the use of water as an extinguishing medium on ships has some disadvantages. List three of the disadvantages.
react with cargo
affect ship stability
damage to cargo
Fire Brigade equipment may not fit shipboard connections
163
According to STP - Crews operating on levels above the fire should be constantly alert for the potential of fire extension. List the actions should crews take.
check concealed spaces including ducts pipework with TIC
closing windows, moving flammable materials away from windows
always have a charged line of hose
maintain communication with outside crews who can report any externally indicators of change of fire activity
164
You are responded to an aircraft on a runway with smoke issuing from behind the piston engine. All passengers and crew are out. It is a radial engine. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, how does the fire risk of this engine compare to an in-line engine and what extinguishing medium would you use?
This type of engine presents the greater fire risk due to the reservoir of oil behind the radial pistons.
Halons or CO2 are most effective in controlling these fires.
165
According to FRNSW Fatigue Management Procedure - Short-term fatigue management is the management of acute fatigue that may occur as a result of tasks undertaken by firefighters during work hours. As a guide, a break from these tasks should be taken how often?
every 4 hrs
166
You have been instructed to commence ventilation. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, when determining where ventilation needs to be carried out, what considerations need to be taken into account?
* the nature and proximity of exposures
* the size of the fire
* the seat of the fire
* the wind and weather conditions
* the type of building construction; and
* the presence of vertical or horizontal openings and how they may affect ventilation.
167
According to SOGs, if co2 is used to extinguish a fire in an underground vault substation what is the minimum time it needs to be kept sealed within the vault?
20 minutes
168
According to SOGs, what is the definition of decontamination?
decontamination is the process of removing contaminants from people and equip to prevent further injury and reduce the spread of the contaminant
169
During a bushfire, your sector contains an area where trees and grass are alight under high voltage power lines. According to SOGs, what are the safe working distances and what firefighting activities can you perform?
25 metres
No Firefighting under High Voltage Power Lines.
170
You need to attach a delivery to the hydrant outlet. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, hydrants have what types of deliveries?
* double delivery
* elbow delivery
* standpipe delivery
171
A BA team reports to a Breathing Apparatus Control Operator (BACO) two floors below the fire floor at a high-rise structure fire. They provide their BA tallies to the BACO and proceed to the fire floor but remain in the fire stairs for ten minutes before donning BA and beginning firefighting tasks.
Ten minutes after that the BACO is trying to contact the Sector Commander urgently stating that they are running low on air when they are not. According to SOGs, what went wrong?
the B.A.C.O. recorded the wrong entry time as the BA team had not informed him, they had donned BA
172
According to SOGs, there are five members of a decontamination team. Name all members.
* Decon officer (I.C.)
* pump operator
* disrobe assistant
* wash operator
* wash assistant
173
At an incident, fire crews believe accelerants may have been used. According to Standing Orders, what are possible signs of accelerant use?
* characteristic burn pattern,
* indication of fire trailers,
* rapid fire development inconsistent with available combustible materials,
* unusual odours, or
* damage to building consistent with a vapour explosion
174
You are in charge of firefighters providing fire protection during helicopter refuelling. You instruct them to wear full PPE. According to SOGs, what full PPE will they wear?
full structural PPE
flash hood
gloves
SCBA
ear plugs
175
Under the FRNSW Act 1989, define flammable matter?
any substance capable of ignition or combustion by the application of heat by means of sparks or spontaneously and
any substance prescribed as flammable for the purpose of this definition
176
According to SOGs- Bushfire classes are determined by the level of resources committed to the fire, and its potential impact on the community, economy, essential infrastructure, and not its size. Describe a Class 3 bushfire?
major bushfire where an appointment is made or is imminent under provisions of sect 44 rural fires act 1997
177
In relation to toxic chemicals, what are the 4 main types of military warfare agents?
nerve
blister
blood
choking
178
You are first arriving Station Commander at a fire to find smoke issuing from a single level house. You have not conducted a 360° size up but have given your crew initial tasks.
What actions would most assist in formally assuming command?
The IC must, as part of the initial radio report to FireCOM, confirm that an IC is in place, and name command (following the naming convention).
179
You respond to a High-Rise building. According to SOGs, High Rise buildings are generally described by what characteristics?
higher than 25m
have more than 10 levels
180
According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what conditions should be determined before carrying out ventilation?
* the seat of the fire has been located
* crews are ready to enter with charged hose lines
* back-up crews are ready to enter; and
* communications have been established amongst all crews.
181
You are the Incident Commander at a hazardous materials incident and find wastewater coming from an adjoining business is entering the Hot Zone and spreading contaminants. You order this water supply to be shut off, but the business owner next door complains that he will lose money by shutting down production.
What are your general powers in this situation as stipulated under the FRNSW Act?
The officer in charge at a fire or hazardous material incident may, for the purpose of extinguishing or controlling a fire or confining or ending the incident or rendering the site of the incident safe, without payment—
(a) take and use any water from any source on any land, and
(b) cause water to flow into or be shut off from any main or pipe.
182
FRNSW incident management is consistent with the Australasian Inter-service Incident Management System (AIIMS).
What are the key principles of AIIMS?
· Management by objectives.
· Functional management.
· Span of control.
· Flexibility.
· Unity of command
183
According to SOGs, Describe the term “All Clear.”
primary and secondary search has been completed and all people have been removed from the compartment, location or entire structure at a fire or hazmat incident.
184
You are the Incident Commander at a large factory fire. There are 8 pumps code 3 at the incident. According to SOGs, list two combinations could you allocate these pumps to achieve three-deep deployment?
Crews in hot zone, on deck, and in staging.
Example 1
1 crew in hot zone for Fire attack
1 crew in hot zone for internal search
2 crews on deck ready (next in hot zone)
4 crews in staging
Example 2
1 crew in hot zone for Fire attack
1 crew in hot zone for internal search
2 crews on deck ready (next in hot zone)
1 crew on deck for decontamination
2 crews on deck ready (next to go in hot zone)
3 crews in staging
185
FRNSW is committed to achieving the principles and requirements of the Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion Policy, to achieve this what are all employees responsible for?
creating a culturally safe workplace environment which is free from discrimination, and everyone is valued and treated with respect
working collaboratively to recognise and appreciate equity, diversity and inclusion
identifying and addressing any form of discrimination in the workplace
186
According to the Transfer and Mobility Policy, list the reasons permanent Officers and Firefighters may seek transfer or be transferred to other locations.
career development
operational capability
compassionate issues / staff welfare
location based transfers
performance / disciplinary
187
According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what does the term latent heat of vaporisation refer to?
The amount of heat required to vaporise a unit weight of the extinguishing medium.
188
According to the Firefighters Training Manual, water is drawn from various types of water mains. Name the types of mains.
* trunk mains
* distributary mains
* reticulation mains
189
Insulated Sandwich Panels (ISPs), especially those with Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) cores can create an extremely hazardous environment for firefighters and may force adoption of a defensive strategy from an early stage.
According to SOGs, what are the reasons for this?
EPS melts and flows like a liquid. Its highly flammable, inducing rapid fire spread which is undetectable with a TIC.
panel delamination, where the hot metal panel skins bow and open up rapidly increases the rate of fire spread, which heats the ceiling void and creates secondary pool fires
increased risk of backdraught or flashover
large volumes of toxic, thick, black acrid smoke is produced
sudden loss of structural integrity may cause sudden building collapse
190
According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what are the main types of aircraft?
* civil
* military
* helicopters
191
According to SOGs, when responding into a Rural Fire District, when are you required to send a Code 6?
* immediately it becomes apparent to the I.C.
* with code 1 if known at time of call
192
According to Operations Bulletin 2023-02. List the risk management measures that should be taken when attending incidents involving hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV).
conduct atmospheric monitoring with 4 head detector for LEL levels to detect if hydrogen is leaking
use of TIC to identify if hydrogen fire is present
conduct thermal checks on battery using TIC to determine whether thermal runway may be occurring within the lithium-ion battery. Use hose stream to cool
establish exclusion zone minimum 15m
193
The operation (or non-operation) of the pressure relief valve on an LPG storage or transport container does not necessarily mean that a BLEVE is imminent. However, if the valve is operating on an LPG storage container that has no odorant and is labelled accordingly the internal pressure of the cylinder may be rising.
According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what are indicators of a possible BLEVE?
* any increase in the noise level from the valve; or
* any sign of bulging or blistering on the outside of the tank or cylinder.
194
In accordance with SOGs, when developing objectives, strategies and tactics what should be considered?
* the response time for requested support
* the requirements for relief crews and refreshments; and
* whether a change of shift might be necessary
195
You are the Officer in Charge at a hazardous materials incident, and the site manager is failing to cooperate. You advise the site manager of your authority to enter and operate under the FRNSW Act, what does it state?
(1) The officer in charge may, with or without members of a fire brigade, enter any place—
(a) in respect of which an alarm of fire is raised to ascertain whether there is a fire at the place, or
(b) in respect of which a report of a hazardous material incident has been made to ascertain whether there is any hazardous material at the place that is, or is about to be, the subject of a hazardous material incident.
196
According to the Toolkit - Conduct - Respectful Workplaces, Clear communication is one of the best ways to build a respectful workplace and to avoid conflict. What is the tool that will help employees to communicate clearly when addressing difficult topics.
straight talk
197
According to the Toolkit - Mental fitness- What program offers an external service that provides professional and confidential counselling / coaching to help you with challenges, issues or concerns that may be affecting you at work or home.
employee assistance program (EAP)
198
According to SOGs - During the de-escalation of an incident, at what stage is command terminated?
when the last resource leaves the incident
199
What are principles of situational evaluation in incident management?
The Incident Commander (IC) must identify a set of critical factors – i.e. elements that, if not dealt with rapidly, could cause expansion of the incident or a threat to firefighters or others – and process them into an incident action plan (IAP).
* The IC can only deal with 3-7 critical factors at any one time. If there are more than this, consider expanding the incident structure so that delegation can occur. * Collecting and evaluating information may start before arriving on scene.
* Once on scene, further information is collected and rapidly evaluated via an initial size up from the vehicle. Whenever possible, the IC should collect additional information via a 360-degree size up.
* Critical factors must be communicated to FireCOM.
* The IC should continually collect information during the incident from commanders and other external sources such as onsite experts, Bureau of Meteorology, and other agencies.
* Critical factors may change rapidly as the incident evolves. The IAP must be modified as critical factors change.
* The IC’s initial size up and decision-making about critical factors may need to be rapid. Once the incident is contained, the IC should take a more deliberate approach.
* Situation evaluation only ends when command is terminated.
* Anyone at the incident may collect information regarding critical factors. These need to be communicated to the IC. Critical safety concerns can be addressed immediately if required, before informing the IC.
200
According to Recommended Practice, state why the thermal imaging camera may or may not be suitable for use in a flammable atmosphere.
TIC is not intrinsically safe and cannot be used in a flammable atmosphere
201
According to SOGs - A major goal for the IC is to develop an Incident Action Plan for the incident. What is an incident action plan?
is a plan developed by the IC that describes at any one point, how the IC plans to resolve or control the incident
risk assessment
strategies and objectives
incident structure
layout
any other relevant info
202
According to SOGs - What are the terms used in an initial radio report, to indicate the size of a structure at a fire incident.
* Small
* Medium
* Large
* Very large
* Mega
203
As stated in SOGs - Example - Initial radio report - The initial radio report (IRR) is sent by the first arriving officer to FireCOM. It time-stamps command, confirms and identifies the IC, and records initial details about the incident. It should be in Conditions, Actions, Needs, (CAN) format and should include-
Confirmation of address.
* Conditions: Brief description of the incident; obvious critical factors including hazards.
* Actions: Initial incident action plan (IAP); assumption of command and naming of incident; strategy.
* Needs: Increase of alarm level as per the Alarm Response Protocol (ARP), or, in areas where this does not operate, request for particular resources as per local arrangements.
204
According to Standing Orders - The Community Activities Reporting System (CARs) is the platform for reporting community activities engaged in at a station level and by our other specialist units. Who is authorised to enter completed activities in CARs.
Any member of the crews participating in the activity can complete the report, provided that they have direct knowledge of the information they are submitting.
205
According to FRNSW Cyber Security policy - Employees are responsible to protect the information they use and manage as part of their daily job. Employees are expected to complete Cyber Security Awareness Training how often?
annually
206
According to the Bushfire Hazard reduction procedure - There are two types of broad area prescribed burns. What are they?
* simple prescribed burn
* complex prescribed burn
207
According to the Bushfire Hazard reduction procedure - Pile burns may be carried out by FRNSW to dispose of vegetation resulting from what activities?
removal of bushfire fuels
bush regeneration weed removal from authorised activities
agricultural activities
208
According to the Bushfire hazard reduction policy - List occasions when prescribed burning conducted by FRNSW is not permitted in a fire district.
* there is a total fire ban (TOBAN)
* the EPA has issued a No-Burn Notice (unless prior exemption has been granted)
* the Fire Behaviour Index (FBI) is greater than 23**
209
According to CASE STUDY 2023-06 on the Intranet, four firefighters injured by unauthorised equipment - During 2020-2021, four firefighters required treatment in hospital after being injured by unauthorised equipment that had been brought into FRNSW workplaces. What is FRNSWs definition of unauthorised equipment as described in the case study?
any item which is purchased, introduced or used within a FRNSW workplace that has not first met the requirements of the procurement manual. This includes equipment which has not been obtained via ESCAT or an approved RPO.
210
When conveying sensitive information on an open channel what should be considered as listed in SOGs?
don’t send sensitive information across radio channel
messages containing details of injuries, fatalities or personal information should be sent by alternative means of communication such as mobile phones, GRN private call facility or face to face
ensure outside speakers on appliances are turned off
211
According to Six Minute Intensive Training-Door entry - What are the door entry techniques that can be used with the Halligan tool?
* inward adze roll technique
* fork drive
* outward adze
212
According STP - Who must give consent for PIP inspections to be conducted on a premises?
the building owner or occupier of the building
213
According to Six Minute Intensive Training-Door entry - What are the five steps to forcing a door?
* size up
* gap
* set
* force
* control
214
According to Six Minute Intensive Training - During Firefighting Operations, what does fire attack crew never ignore?
a casualty
215
According to Six Minute Intensive Training – Search and Rescue during firefighting operations-The objective of a search is to confirm an ALL CLEAR, this is usually broken into what two components?
primary search
secondary search
216
According to SOGs - Describe the terms withdraw and abandon as used by the IC to indicate to crews the urgency required to move from offensive to a defensive strategy.
withdraw - indicates Firefighters have enough time to an exit with all their equipment in a controlled manner
abandon - immediate threat to Firefighters lives and must exit immediately and only bring equipment that will not compromise their safety
217
As stated in Six Minute Intensive Training – Search and rescue during firefighting operations - What signs would indicate it’s time to withdraw?
worsening smoke / fire conditions
signs of structural collapse
previously unknown hazards
loss of PAR
change to defensive strategy
218
According to Safety Bulletin 2023-03 TIC lanyard entanglement risk - If the TIC needs to be handed between members of firefighting or search and rescue teams what is the safest method to pass to the front firefighter?
around the side of the body of the front Firefighter and not over the shoulder
219
According to Six Minute Intensive Training, what is the purpose of placing an appliance in the fend off position?
uses the appliances bulk and visibility to form a physical barrier protecting FRNSW personnel and other emergency services and patients from oncoming traffic
220
According to the SIMS worksheet - Warning gear is used to mark off incidents sites and warn the public that FRNSW operations are nearby. As listed on the worksheet list three forms of warning gear.
* the Hazard Ahead sign
* barrier and hazmat Hot Zone tape
* Witch’s hats, and
221
According to the SIMS Worksheet - All extinguishers are inspected and serviced by who and at what timeframes?
all extinguishers inspected and serviced by a competent person, six monthly, yearly and 5 yearly
222
According to STP - What removal technique provides a time efficient technique that removes an unconscious or decreased level of consciousness firefighter from their equipment providing access for assessment and further medical intervention?
if care is refused, observe the patient till the ambulance arrives.
223
According to Recommended practice - To ensure visibility, firefighters must always wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) when working on roadways. List the PPE that can be used.
* Structural Firefighting Coat
* Multi-purpose Coat
* High Visibility Vest
* High Visibility Raincoat
* Duty Wear Trousers
* Structural Firefighting Trousers
224
According to SOGs - Occasionally, FRNSW personnel may have to prepare a helicopter landing site. List the points to be considered when doing this.
position landing site in an area 30m x 30m, solid level ground away from power lines or wires and clear of trees or similar obstacles
mark corners of the landing site by placing a Firefighter at each corner and cordon off to prevent unauthorised entry
clear all loose debris from an area and secure all Fire Brigade equipment
if dry and dusty may require wetting down
During night landings, place a strobe light and two vehicles with beacons flashing facing into the wind and facing inwards at 45° to the approach line with their headlights on. Ensure that the strobe light is turned off once the helicopter has identified or flown over the landing site.
225
According to SOGs - Structure Fires in Rural Fire Districts- Where FRNSW is requested to assist the NSW RFS at a structure fire in a rural Fire District who will be the Incident Controller?
senior officer from RFS
226
According to Recommended practice, list four safety precautions when using extension ladders.
Firefighter must foot ladder at all times
ensure anti slip feet are on the ground
be aware of overhead power lines
two-person lift
227
According to SOGs - When must Level 1 or Level 2 Rehabilitation be considered?
* the depletion of two BA cylinders
* each wear of a fully encapsulated suit, or
* 40 minutes of intense work without SCBA.
228
According to SOGs - What two items do FRNSW use that lays out safe working practices to manage the safety of firefighters at incidents?
training and doctrine
229
According to SOGs - There are many aspects to ensuring safety at an incident, from the IC implementing the correct strategy, down to the firefighters wearing the right PPE for their assigned tasks. Incident safety can therefore be described in terms of what three levels?
strategic level
tactical level
task level
230
Describe the term Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL).
maximum concentration of a substance to which a worker may be exposed for no more than 15 min, 4 times a day over and 8-hour day with 60min in between exposures
231
According to SOGs - What safety related worksheet is used as method of documenting hazards or risks and control measures at an incident?
incident safety worksheet
