Lexis (lang. levels)

Question 1

Proper noun

Answer 1

Refer to specific people and places, usually written with initial capital letter. Eg. England

Question 2

Common noun

Answer 2

Classify things into general types or categories. Eg. car

Question 3

Concrete noun

Answer 3

Refer to physical things like people objects and places. Eg. Table

Question 4

Abstract noun

Answer 4

Refer to ideas, processes, occasions, times and qualities. Eg. time

Question 5

Collective nouns

Answer 5

A term that refers to group of people or things. Eg. family

Question 6

Superlative adjective

Answer 6

To show something has a quality to the greatest or least degree. Eg. Tallest

Question 7

Comparative adjective

Answer 7

Adjective used to compare two things. Eg. Taller

Question 8

Base adjective

Answer 8

A normal adjective with no emphasis of ‘very’. Eg. Tall

Question 9

Main verb

Answer 9

Expresses the main meaning. Eg. I must have been thinking

Question 10

Auxiliary verb (overall)

Answer 10

Known as the helping verb. Placed in front of the main verb to help express the meaning. Eg. I must have been thinking

Question 11

Auxiliary verb (primary)

Answer 11

Can be used both as main and aux. verbs.

Question 12

Form of to be (primary auxiliary)

Answer 12

Am, is, are, was, were, being, been

Question 13

Form of to do (primary auxiliary)

Answer 13

Doe, do, did

Question 14

Forms of to have (primary auxiliary)

Answer 14

Has, have, had, having

Question 15

Auxiliary verb (modal)

Answer 15

Can never be used alone and cannot change forms or use infinitive or participle forms

Question 16

Modal verb examples

Answer 16

Could, would, should, might, can, may, will, must, shall

Question 17

Dynamic verb

Answer 17

The verb describes an action rather than a state. Eg. joe is chasing the bus.

Question 18

Stative verb

Answer 18

The verb describes a state rather than an action. Eg. I like chocolate but I prefer fruit

Question 19

Active verb

Answer 19

Expresses an activity that a person or thing can do. Eg. Tara eats cake

Question 20

Passive verbs

Answer 20

When the subject isn’t doing anything. Eg. Car was arrested

Question 21

Types of adverbs

Answer 21

• Time (I’m going there TOMORROW)
• Manner (John drives CAREFULLY)
• Places (My uncle is UPSTAIRS)
• Degree (You are walking TOO SLOWLY)
• Frequency (I NORMALLY see them)
• Duration (it was TEMPORARILY out of order)

Question 22

Coordinating conjunctions

Answer 22

Joining two words that link together part of a sentence but clauses need to make sense on their own before joining. Eg. and, or.

Question 23

Subordinating conjunctions

Answer 23

Used to add additional information. S. conjunction is the word used to connect the information to the main clause. Eg. He was annoyed because the train stopped

Question 24

Personal pronouns

Answer 24

Usually replaces nouns representing people or a person. Eg. I, you, she, he, it, we, me, they, who

Question 25

Possessive pronouns

Answer 25

Used to show ownership. Eg. his, its, ours, their, hers, my, your, mine

Question 26

Interrogative pronouns

Answer 26

Used for questions. Eg. Who, why, when, which, what

Question 27

Demonstrative pronouns

Answer 27

Used to demonstrate or indicate something. Eg. this, that, these, those

Question 28

Indefinite pronouns

Answer 28

Used for non-specific persons or things. Eg. another, anybody, anyone, everyone, either, nobody

Question 29

Relative pronouns

Answer 29

Add more information to sentence. Eg. that, which, whos, whom

Question 30

Reflexive pronoun

Answer 30

Used when someone or something does something to itself. Eg. yourself, herself, himself, itself, themselves

Question 31

Article determiners

Answer 31

• Definite article (the)

- Indefinite article (a or an)

Question 32

Demonstrative article

Answer 32

This, that, these & those. For these to act as demonstratives they must be in front of a noun. Eg. that porridge was delicious

Question 33

Possessive determiners

Answer 33

My, your, his, her, its, own & their before a noun.

Question 34

Quantifier determiners

Answer 34

How many or how much. Eg. some, many, more, several, less, both, each

Question 35

Preposition

Answer 35

A word that tells you where or when something is in relation to something else.

Question 36

Lexical field

Answer 36

Words connected by the same topic. Eg. Music - song, lyrics, cadence…

Question 37

Formality

Answer 37

The lexis people use depends on the situation, audience, purpose and context (register).

Question 38

Formal

Answer 38

• More serious and impersonal
• Made up of SE words
• Bigger and more complex (polysyllabic)
• Less likely to abbreviate words
• Latinate roots

Question 39

Informal

Answer 39

• Relaxed and familiar
• Colloquial and non-SE so contains dialect & slang
• Lots of abbreviations and contractions
• Usually smaller and monosyllabic
• Old-English roots

Question 40

Slang

Answer 40

• Informal register
• Spoken rather than written
• Exclusive to particular groups

Question 41

Colloquial

Answer 41

Familiar conversation, not formal

Question 42

Taboo

Answer 42

Words and phrases considered inappropriate in certain context

Question 43

Jargon

Answer 43

Specialist vocabulary associated with a particular occupation or activity. Eg. football, lawyers

Question 44

Sociolect

Answer 44

Variety of language used for a particular class and social group. Eg. aave, northern dialect

Question 45

Idiolect

Answer 45

Individuals use of language and speech. It relates to sociolect but can be influenced by the media, and what media you consume.

Question 46

Intransitive verbs

Answer 46

When verbs do not have a direct object (eg. Alex laughed manically)

Question 47

Transitive verbs

Answer 47

When verbs have a direct object (eg. Jake bought a new phone)