lexicology

Question 1

What are nouns?

Answer 1

Person, place or thing

Examples include Ms Clowse, London, and table

Question 2

Define concrete nouns.

Answer 2

Real, physical things

Examples include a person or a table

Question 3

Define abstract nouns.

Answer 3

Things you can’t touch

Examples include emotions like anger and feelings like love

Question 4

What are proper nouns?

Answer 4

Names that must be capitalised

Examples include Lily, Ms Clowse, and Delila

Question 5

What are common nouns?

Answer 5

Refers to things generically

Can be modified by adjectives or determiners, e.g., beach, wisdom, apple

Question 6

What is a pronoun?

Answer 6

Replaces nouns or noun phrases

Question 7

What type of pronoun replaces the subject in a sentence?

Answer 7

Subject pronoun

Examples include ‘I’ and ‘they’

Question 8

What is an object pronoun?

Answer 8

Replaces noun that is the object in the position

Examples include ‘you’ and ‘it’

Question 9

What is a reflexive pronoun?

Answer 9

About oneself

Examples include …self, …selves

Question 10

What do possessive pronouns indicate?

Answer 10

Ownership

Examples include his, her, mine

Question 11

What is an interrogative pronoun?

Answer 11

Introduces a question

Examples include who, which, whose, what, whom

Question 12

What is a relative pronoun?

Answer 12

Helps introduce a relative clause within a larger sentence

Examples include which, who, that

Question 13

What is a demonstrative pronoun?

Answer 13

Refers to a particular place, person or thing

Examples include this, that

Question 14

Define verbs.

Answer 14

Doing words, actions

Examples include running, jumping, dancing

Question 15

What do tenses indicate in verbs?

Answer 15

When the verb is happening

Examples include past, present, future

Question 16

What is an infinitive?

Answer 16

Form of a verb that can be used as a noun or adverb

Usually adds ‘to’ in front, e.g., to run

Question 17

What are participles?

Answer 17

Forms of verbs which can be used as adjectives

Example: ‘He was hidden’ (hiding)

Question 18

What is an auxiliary verb?

Answer 18

A helping verb that supports the main verb of the sentence

Question 19

What are primary auxiliary verbs used for?

Answer 19

To construct grammatical tenses that could not otherwise be conveyed by inflectional morphemes

Examples include ‘I am going’ and ‘She has gone’

Question 20

What are modal verbs?

Answer 20

Express the ability, possibility, obligation or permission of an action occurring

Examples include can, could, will, would

Question 21

What do adverbs do?

Answer 21

Describe, modify, qualify entire sentences or parts of speech

Question 22

List types of adverbs.

Answer 22

• Time
• Place
• Manner
• Cause and effect
• Degree
• Certainty
• Frequency
• Comment

Question 23

What do adjectives describe?

Answer 23

Qualities, size, judgements, comparison

Located before nouns or just after verbs

Question 24

What are interjections?

Answer 24

Little words that express big emotions

Can be a sentence on their own or in phrases, e.g., ‘Oh no’, ‘Wow really’

Question 25

What do prepositions explain?

Answer 25

The relationship between a noun and other elements in sentences ## Footnote Show where something is in space and time, e.g., with, at, from

Question 26

What do conjunctions do?

Answer 26

Link words, phrases, clauses and sentences together

Question 27

What is the purpose of coordinating conjunctions?

Answer 27

To separate two parts of the sentence that are equal in importance ## Footnote Examples include for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so

Question 28

What are subordinating conjunctions?

Answer 28

One part of the sentence is more important than the other ## Footnote Examples include because, after, before, although

Question 29

What are conjunctive adverbs?

Answer 29

Join two clauses or sentences in a way that demonstrates equality

Question 30

What are determiners?

Answer 30

Words placed in front of a noun that help clarify, specify quantity or indicate possession

Question 31

What are articles?

Answer 31

Indicate the specificity or definiteness of a noun ## Footnote Examples include the, a, an

Question 32

What are quantifiers?

Answer 32

Indicate quantity ## Footnote Examples include all, a lot, many, one, none

Question 33

What is commonisation?

Answer 33

Proper noun becomes a common noun ## Footnote Example: using the brand name 'Esky' for the item itself

Question 34

What is nominalisation?

Answer 34

Turning verbs, adverbs, and/or adjectives into nouns by adding an affix

Question 35

What is neologism?

Answer 35

Words we use to describe new words ## Footnote Neo means new, logos means word