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Semantics Gamification Project > Lexical Relations. Antonyms and Synonyms > Flashcards

Lexical Relations. Antonyms and Synonyms Flashcards

1
Q

Fill in the blank: “A certain number of words in English which have more than one meaning can be given descriptions which make them seem —-, i.e. their own opposites.”

A

Autoantonymous.

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2
Q

Define context-bound synonymy.

A

Two words are synonyms in a certain given context.

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3
Q

Given the sentence “I won’t date guys with baggage/*luggage from their divorces.” provide an example where “baggage” and “luggage” are synonyms.

A

“Check your baggage/luggage with the gate agent.”

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4
Q

Define directional opposition and provide an example.

A

Directional opposition refers to pairs which are related to opposite directions on a common axis. For example, north-south.

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5
Q

Provide an example of lexical synonyms that are interchangeable in every environment.

A

Peking and Beijing.

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6
Q

Compositional analysis makes meaning seem more concrete and uniform than in traditional dictionary definitions. True or False?

A

True.

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7
Q

What type of antonyms are open to comparison and why?

A

Gradable antonyms, as they occur on a scale, meaning a midpoint exists. For example, you can say one object is heavier than another.

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8
Q

Do all words have an (obvious) antonym?

A

No, they do not.

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9
Q

What are the two main types of antonyms?

A

Gradable and Non-gradable antonyms.

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10
Q

Classify the following words in the order of Neutral-Formal-Slang: 1. Fag 2. Luncheon 3. Doctor.

A

Doctor-Luncheon-Fag.

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11
Q

Lexical synonymy is the synonymy between individual lexemes. True or False?

A

True

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12
Q

To what antonym subtype does the pair do-undo belong?

A

It belongs to reversive opposition.

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13
Q

In the following examples, which word is an uncommitted member and which one does commit the speaker: a. How good is that film? b. How bad is that film?

A

“good” is uncommitted and “bad” is committed.

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14
Q

Fill in the blank: “Another important distinction is between synonymy of —- and synonymy of —-.”

A

Synonymy of words and synonymy of senses.

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15
Q

Why is the prefix un- significant in the English language?

A

It allows for the productive creation of antonyms.

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16
Q

Provide an example of a gradable antonym.

A

Two good examples would be hot-cold and good-bad.

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17
Q

Between the lexemes “doctor” and “quack”, which one has a neutral connotation and which one has pejorative connotation?

A

“Doctor” has a neutral connotation and “quack” a pejorative connotation.

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18
Q

Is the difference between lexical synonyms often times one of denotation or connotation?

A

Connotation.

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19
Q

Is there a cultural component when it concerns the recognition of pairs of antonyms?

A

Yes, some are easier to recognise than others.

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20
Q

Do we recognise two words as antonyms due to our dictionary knowledge or encyclopaedic knowledge?

A

Our encyclopaedic knowledge.

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21
Q

Can words have more than one antonym? If so, provide an explanation and one example.

A

Yes, depending on the dimension of contrast involved. For example, “sweet” has “bitter”, “sour”, and “savory”.

22
Q

Fill in the blank: “A general problem with subtypes of antonymy is that of —-.”

A

Determining their boundaries.

23
Q

To what antonym subtype does the pair come-go belong?

A

It belongs to directional opposition.

24
Q

Provide an example of an autoantonym.

A

Sanction, meaning both “to approve” and “to censure”.

25
Q

Provide an example of a word that has no clear antonym.

A

Words such as “library” or “kitchen”

26
Q

According to Murphy, a speakers’ knowledge of the relation of antonymy is—-

A

Metalexical.

27
Q

Synonymy and grammatical context: do they need to be synonymous in all grammatical co-occurence possibilities? Yes or no.

A

No, they do not.

28
Q

Explain opposition and provide and example.

A

Opposition denotes a relationship from opposite points of view. For example, give-receive.

29
Q

Define context-free synonymy.

A

If two words are synonymous, they are identical in meaning in all contexts.

30
Q

Are “pupil” and “student” lexical synonyms?

A

No, but they are synonymous with respect to one of their senses.

31
Q

According to Murphy, what limits the risk of confusion when dealing with cases of autoantonymy?

A

The contextual factors.

32
Q

When it comes to synonymy, what main discrepancy do we encounter?

A

Whether they are context-bound or context-free.

33
Q

Synonymy between expressions consisting of more than one lexeme is called…

A

Phrasal synonymy.

34
Q

Lexical synonymy is the synonymy between expressions consisting of more than one lexeme. True or False?

A

False.

35
Q

Fill in the blank: “—- are often enlisted as equivalents without any semantic difference between the equivalent terms being intended.

A

Near-synonyms.

36
Q

Fill in the blank: “—- have a number of subtle characteristics: one of the members of an adjectival antonym pair often behaves “neutrally” in questions and comparative constructions.”

A

Gradable antonyms.

37
Q

Name the other types of antonymic relations.

A

Opposition, directional opposition, and reversive opposition.

38
Q

How do we call the gradable antonyms that do not show imbalances concerning committing or not committing the speaker? Provide an example.

A

Equipollent gradable antonyms. For example: “How hot is the pan?”

39
Q

What type of antonym does not admit a midpoint? Provide an example.

A

Non-gradable antonyms, such as pass-fail and accepted-rejected.

40
Q

Fill in the blank: “—– may be characterized as a relationship of incompatibility between two terms with respect to some given dimension of contrast.”

A

Antonymy.

41
Q

Fill in the blank: “—- are enlisted as equivalents without any semantic difference between the equivalent terms being intended.”

A

Near-synonyms.

42
Q

“Mombay” and “Mumbai” are examples of synonyms that are interchangeable or not interchangeable in every environment?

A

Interchangeable.

43
Q

“Two words are synonyms in a certain given context” is the definition of context-bound or context-free?

A

Context-bound.

44
Q

Do non-gradable antonyms accept a midpoint? Give an example of one non-gradable antonym.

A

They do not admit a midpoint. An example would be pass-fail.

45
Q

Is this affirmation true? “Graded phenomenon: the more senses two words share, the more synonymous they are.

A

Yes, it is true.

46
Q

Which one is an example of directional opposition? a. build-demolish b. colour-bleach c. come-go d. above-below

A

c. come-go

47
Q

Find the mistake in the following sentence: “Meaning identity (synonymy) is a part of the metalinguistic stock-in-trade of ordinary speakers of English: never refer to words as having the same meaning.”

A

Meaning identity (synonymy) is a part of metalinguistic stock-in-trade of ordinary speakers of English: OFTEN refer to words as having the same meaning.

48
Q

Phrasal synonymy is the synonymy between expressions consisting of more than one lexeme. True or False?

A

True.

49
Q

Provide an example of reversive opposition.

A

Build-demolish

50
Q

Is the slang form of a neutral word considered a synonym of it?

A

Yes, although they differ in their connotations.

Semantics Gamification Project (1 decks)

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