lewis lab values Flashcards
learn then. known them. understand them. (26 cards)
- What is the normal qualitative analysis of acetone?
2. What conditions elevate acetone?
- Negative
- it is higher in Diabetic ketoacidosis, high-fat diet, low-carbohydrate diet, starvation
- what is the normal range of Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
- What conditions elevate this level?
- 4-36 U/L (same as SI units)
- lover disease, shock
- what is the normal range of albumin?
- What elevates this level?
- what lowers this level?
- 35-50 g/L (3.5-5 g/dL)
- dehydration elevates
- lowered by: Burns, chronic liver disease, malabsorption, malnutrition, nephrotic syndrome, pregnancy
- what is the normal value of Ammonia?
- what elevates this?
- 6-47 mcmol/L (10-80 mcg/dL)
- elevated by: GI bleeds, hepatic encephalopathy, portal hypertension, severe liver disease
-what is the normal range for Amalase
- 30-220 U/L (60-120 Somogyi units/dL)
- elevated: acute/chronic pancreatitis, mumps, perforated ulcers
- lower: acute alcoholism, cirrhosis, pancreatic destruction
Ascorbic Acid
-23-85 mcmol/L (0.4-1.5 mg/dL)
-elevated: excessive ingestion of vit C
-lower: Connective tissue disorders, hepatic disease, renal disease, rheumatic
fever, vitamin C deficiency
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
-0-35 U/L(same as SI units)
-elevated: Acute hepatitis, liver disease, myocardial infarction (MI),
pulmonary infarction
Bicarbonate
-21-28 mmol/L (21-28 mEq/L
-elevated: Chronic use of loop diuretics, compensated respiratory acidosis,
metabolic alkalosis
-lower: Acute renal failure, compensated respiratory alkalosis, diarrhea, metabolic acidosis
Bilirubin
-Total: 5.1-17 mcmol/L (0.3-1.0 mg/dL) Indirect: 3.4-12 mcmol/L (0.2-0.8 mg/dL) Direct: 1.7-5.1 mcmol/L (0.1-0.3 mg/dL)
-Elevated: Biliary obstruction, hemolytic anemia, impaired liver function,
pernicious anemia, prolonged
fasting
Arterial pH
- 35-7.45 (same as SI units)
- elevated: alkalosis
- lower: acidosis
PaCO2
- 35-45 mm Hg
- elevated: Compensated metabolic alkalosis, respiratory acidosis -lower: Compensated metabolic acidosis, respiratory alkalosis
calcium
-2.25-2.75 mmol/L (9-10.5 mg/dL)
-elevated: Acute osteoporosis, hyperparathyroidism, multiple
myeloma, vitamin D intoxication
-lower: Acute pancreatitis, hypoparathyroidism, liver disease, malabsorption syndrome, renal failure, vitamin D deficiency
Chloride
-98-106 mmol/L (98-106 mEq/L)
-elevated: Corticosteroid therapy, dehydration, excessive infusion of normal saline,
metabolic acidosis, respiratory alkalosis, uremia
-lower: Addison’s disease, congestive heart failure, diarrhea, metabolic alkalosis, overhydration, respiratory acidosis, SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic syndrome), vomiting
Cholesterol: HDL
- > 1.55 mmol/L (>40 mg/dL)
- elevated: Biliary obstruction, cirrhosis hypothyroidism, hyperlipidemia, idiopathic hypercholesterolemia, renal disease, uncontrolled diabetes
- lower: Corticosteroid therapy, extensive liver disease, hyperthyroidism, malnutrition
cholesterol: LDL
<2.59 mmol/L (<100 mg/dL)
- elevated: Biliary obstruction, cirrhosis hypothyroidism, hyperlipidemia, idiopathic hypercholesterolemia, renal disease, uncontrolled diabetes
- lower: Corticosteroid therapy, extensive liver disease, hyperthyroidism, malnutrition
Cholesterol total
<5 mmol/L (<200 mg/dL) age dependent
- elevated: Biliary obstruction, cirrhosis hypothyroidism, hyperlipidemia, idiopathic hypercholesterolemia, renal disease, uncontrolled diabetes
- lower: Corticosteroid therapy, extensive liver disease, hyperthyroidism, malnutrition
Cholinesterase (RBC)
5-10 U/L (same as SI units)
-elevated: Exercise, sickle cell disease
-lower: Acute infections, insecticide intoxication, liver disease, muscular
dystrophy
Cortisol
- 8 A.M.: 138-635 nmol/L (5-23 mcg/dL)
- 8 P.M.: < 83-359 nmol/L (3-13 mcg/dL)
- elevated: adrenal adenoma, Cushing’s syndrome, hyperthyroidism, stress, pancreatitis
- lower: Addison’s disease, adrenal insufficiency, hypopituitary states, hypothyroidism, liver disease
creatine
-15.3-76.3 mcmol/L (0.2-1.0 mg/dL)
-elevated: active rheumatoid arthritis, biliary obstruction, hyperthyroidism, renal
disorders, severe muscle disease
-lower: diabetes mellitus
Creatine kinase (CK)
Male: 55-170 U/L (same as SI units) Female: 30-135 U/L (same as SI units) -elevated: Brain damage, exercise, musculoskeletal injury or disease, MI, numerous intramuscular injections, severe myocarditis
CK-MB (CK-2)
- Male: 2-6 mcg/L (2-6 ng/mL)
- Female: 2-5 mcg/L (2-5 ng/mL)
- elevated: acute MI
creatinine
-Male: 53-106 mcmol/L (0.6-1.2 mg/dL)
-Female: 44-97 mcmol/L (0.5-1.1 mg/dL)
-elevated in renal disease
-lower: Diseases with decreased muscle mass (e.g. muscular dystrophy, myasthenia
gravis)
Ferritin (serum)
Male: 12-300 ng/L (12-300 ng/mL)
Female: 10-150 ng/L (10-150 ng/mL)
-elevated: Anemia of chronic disease (infection, inflammation, liverdisease), sideroblastic anemia
-lower: Iron-deficiency anemia, severe protein deficiency
Folic acid (folate)
-11-57 mmol/L (5-25 ng/mL)
-elevated: Hypothyroidism, pernicious anemia
-lower: Alcoholism, hemolytic anemia, inadequate diet, malabsorption
syndrome, malnutrition, megaloblastic anemia
