Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CSCD 2301 Spring 2022 > Levey Chapters 1 & 2, Capone Singleton Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Levey Chapters 1 & 2, Capone Singleton Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

prosody

A

allows us to communicate different attitudes such as sarcasm or sympathy through the use of methods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Communication

A 
The process of exchanging information
-Ideas
-Thoughts
-Feelings
-Needs
-Desires
We are able to communicate through verbal, written, 
gesture, pantomime, drawing, or through sign language.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cognition

A 
- involves knowledge and intellectual capacity 
with the mental ability to: 
• Adapt to the environment
• Draw abstractions 
• Generalize experiences 
• Think about experiences with people, objects, and 
events
• Infer conclusions
• Store information for later retrieval
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Schemas

A

psychological structures that allow children to understand the meaning of things in their environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Zone of Proximal Development

A

The distance between a child’s actual developmental level (determined by independent problem solving) and her/their/his level of potential development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Communicative Competence

A

Involves the ability to communicate a message successfully and to understand the concepts being communicated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Phonemes

A

consists of sounds in language; smallest units of sound that create different meanings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Linguistic Competence

A

The acquisition and the use of morphology, phonology, syntax and semantics.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Language

A

A shared code that represents arbitrary concepts through symbols
- in a rule based system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Speech

A

the verbal means of communicating through articulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Encode

A

Involves communicative interaction, In the exchange of information, a sender transmits information (encodes).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Decode

A

information that a receiver comprehends or understands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the methods of prosody?

A
  1. duration (length)
  2. vocal intensity (loudness)
  3. frequency (pitch)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

paralinguistic cues

A

the nonverbal cues that accompany spoken language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are some examples of paralinguistic cues?

A
  1. affect (facial expressions)
  2. gestures (head nods)
  3. posture
  4. proximity between speaker and listener
  5. intonation (vocal pitch)
  6. speech rate
  7. pauses in speech
  8. word stress
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Phonation

A

The production of vocal sound and speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Parameters

A

Language-specific rules that apply to the syntactic rules for different languages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Metalinguistic Abilities

A

The ability to think overtly about language; ability to manipulate the structural features of language that are at the phoneme, word or sentence level.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Syntax

A

The component of language that involves the rules for combining words to form meaningful sentences. Basic sentences are composed of Subject + Verb.
Ex: The woman ran.
Syntax begins to develop around 18 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Orthography

A

Describes the symbols or alphabet letters of written language.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Overextension

A

extending meaning beyond the entity (call a cow “doggy”)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Metacognition

A

Refers to the mental processes used to
plan, monitor, and to analyze one’s thinking and
behaviors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Content

A

The meaning of an expression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Graphemes

A

Alphabet letters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Executive function

A

The ability to control and regulate one’s thought processes - utilizes Inhibition, Cognitive task or set shifting, and working memory.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Morpheme

A

minimal distinctive units of words

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Dialect

A

A rule governed variant of language.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Phonology

A

the part of language that is concerned with the combination of speech sounds for word formation.

29
Q

Morphology

A

the study and pattern of word formation. consists of morphemes, which is the smallest unit of meaning. They can be expressed by a monosyllabic or multi syllabic word, a syllable such as the “un” in unforgiving, or sound segment such as the “s” in apples.

30
Q

Grammar

A

Description of a language with respect to components of language

31
Q

Overgeneralize

A

the regular past-tense inflectional morpheme “-ed” (e.g., walk + ed) to form the past tense of irregular verbs.

32
Q

Theory of Mind

A

ability to understand the mental states of others; understanding that others have different mental states; understanding & predicting how someone else will act and explaining why they acted in that way

33
Q

Form

A

The components of language that include syntax, morphology, and phonology.

34
Q

The Language Acquisition Device (LAD)

A

A part of the human mind that provides children with the ability to grasp the basic structure of a language.

35
Q

Generative

A

A speaker’s ability to generate many types of sentence (to generate or to produce).

36
Q

pragmatics

A

the rules for the use of language in a social interaction. e.g., eye contact in conversation, turn taking.

37
Q

Perception

A

The process of taking in, organizing, and interpreting sensory information. Children use their senses to gather and understand information around them.

38
Q

Phonological Processes

A

describe children’s production of target words produced by adults or older language users.

ex: “nana” instead of banana

39
Q

Modal auxiliary verbs

A

A verb that combines with another verb to express mood or tense (e.g., can, could, would, and should).

40
Q

Morphophonology

A

The study of the interaction between a language’s morphemes and its phonological process, focusing on the sound changes that occur when morphemes (minimal meaningful units) combine to form words.

41
Q

Cognitive Theory

A

Based on the idea that language acquisition and cognition are connected

42
Q

Scaffold/ Scaffolding

A

They are used to support children’s speech and language development. They add new information to a child’s utterance without taking away meaning. Can be syntactic, semantic, or phonological. Ex: Correcting a child saying “I going” to “I’m going”

43
Q

Rhotic diphthongs

A

These are r-colored or rhotic vowels (also called retroflex vowels, vocalic /r/, or rhotacized vowels) that can be articulated in various ways: The tip or blade of the tongue may be turned up during at least part of the articulation of the vowel (a retroflex articulation) or the back of the tongue may be bunched. Examples are found in the following words: car, bear, ear, and four.

44
Q

Emergentism

A

Language is acquired through the “emergent” effect of 4 factors:

  1. Cognition
  2. Social interaction
  3. Pragmatic skills
  4. Attention skills
45
Q

Principles

A

Innate language general rules that apply to all languages, such as a the principle that a sentence must contain a subject

46
Q

Innate

A

abilities present in the human brain at birth

47
Q

Language Processing

A

The way we use words to communicate ideas and feelings, and how communication is understood. This is a process of the brain that allows individuals to create and understand language.

48
Q

Recast

A

When the caretaker modifies or changes a child’s utterance, without changing the meaning, to help them reach their intended goal. Ex. Child- I want nana (You want a banana?)

49
Q

Illocutions

A

The intentions of the speaker

50
Q

locutions

A

refer to the meanings expressed in the utterance

51
Q

Semantics

A

the component of language that
describes meaning conveyed by words, sentences,
narratives, and conversations. Also refers to the relationship between entities and events.

52
Q

perlocutions

A

refer to how listeners interpret the speaker’s speech acts

53
Q

Speech Act

A

Labels a speaker’s intent or meaning. They can take a direct or indirect form.

54
Q

Primitive Speech Acts

A

one-word stage of language (eg. labeling, answering, greeting)

55
Q

Cognition

A

The mental processes that consist of knowledge, along with the mechanisms to acquire knowledge. Cognitive skills consist of attention, working memory, reasoning, intuition, judgement, and perception.

56
Q

Use

A

Pragmatics. Indirect form is more of a question while direct is more of a demand.

57
Q

Child-Directed Speech (CDS)

A

AKA “motherese”. This occurs when adults speak differently to children, for example, shorter length in utterance, simpler grammar, and slower speech rate; It makes language more accessible to the young infant.

58
Q

Retrospective Mental Development

A

The current skills that a child has mastered in relation to the child’s zone of proximal development.

59
Q

Biological Basis

A

Developed by psychologist Eric Lenneberg who observed that language is biologically based.
He believed in these properties:
Little variation within the species (language is systematic)
• Specific organic correlates (universal timetable for acquisition
of language milestones)
• Heredity (innate capacity for language)
• No history within species (inherently human phenomenon)

60
Q

Operant Conditioning

A

this nurture view argues that although environmental stimuli are not
always identifiable, the frequency of certain behaviors or
antecedent behaviors can be increased if positive reinforcers (or
consequences) are contingent upon the targets.

61
Q

Prospective Mental Development

A

What a child needs to learn with guidance from an adult or more experienced peer, in relation to the child’s zone of proximal development.

62
Q

Main Verb

A

The verb that conveys meaning in a sentence.

63
Q

Classical Conditioning

A

a learned process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired. (Pavlov’s Dog Experiment)

64
Q

Principles and Parameters

A

Principles are innate language-general rules (ex/ a sentence across all languages must contain a subject).
Parameters are language-specific rules (ex/ word order rules vary across languages, for English it is SVO but that cannot be said for other languages.)

65
Q

Semantic Features

A

The perceptual or functional aspects of meaning that characterize a word. Semantic processing occurs when we hear a word and encode its meaning, which involves understanding.

66
Q

Semantic Relations

A

The relationship between the concepts or meanings (e.g., agent + action = Dogs bark).

67
Q

Social Cognition

A

The psychological processes that enable individuals to take advantage of social signals that include facial expressions, such as fear and disgust, which warn us of danger, and eye gaze direction, which indicate where interesting things can be found.

68
Q

Indirect Speech Act

A

Has the syntactic form of a question but has the mean- ing of a request

ex: “Can I have a candy?” –> asking to get a candy without directly asking for one

69
Q

Social Interaction Theory

A

Children acquire language through social interaction and experience with language used in the external environment

CSCD 2301 Spring 2022 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions