Levelt Model Flashcards
Client base
Theory of normal, developed language function. Therefore appropriate for adults and NOT for children (whose language systems aren’t yet fully intact).
Conceptualisation - main role
Produce a pre-verbal message (intention) - abstract, no linguistic form yet.
“Shared intentional space”
The speaker and the listener must both understand BOTH the spoken words AND the intention behind them, to NEGOTIATE meanings.
“Discourse record”
The speaker considers what has been said before - relies on MEMORY processes.
Conceptualiser processes
- Selects relevant information to be shared
2. Nominates how this information will be conveyed - i.e. with politeness, sarcasm etc.
Cognitive processes required for Conceptualisation
Attention - staying on topic
Pragmatic Skills - is tone/information appropriate for the situation?
Working Memory - monitors what has been said before and plans intentions/utterances accordingly
Macro Planning
WHAT to say
- selection of content to be expressed
- linearisation - orders information adequately to express intent
Microplanning
HOW to say it
Propositional shape & perspective taking - shape and order the lexical concepts so they make sense linguistically (tense/thematic perspective)
Prominence - assigning certain info as news-worthy
Formulator - main role
Take the conceptual pre-verbal message and produce a phonetic/articulatory plan
Grammatical Encoding
Preverbal message activates lemmas from the lexicon (meaning-based, no phonological form yet). Associated with a specific syntactic structure (noun, verb, order in sentence)
Output = SURFACE STRUCTURE
Phonological Encoding
Articulatory plan is built for each lemma and for the whole utterance. Internal representation of how the utterance should be produced by the speech organs/muscles
Breakdown at Formulator Level
Word finding difficulties
Semantic errors - using the wrong word
Syntax errors/absence
Morphological errors (“he teached the class”)
Breakdown at Conceptualiser Level
Being abrupt Too much/little detail Inappropriate language for situation (pragmatics) Going off topic Repetition in conversation
Articulator
Articulatory motor plan is sent to the muscles of the lungs, pharynx, larynx and mouth to “execute”/produce the overt speech
Breakdown at Articulator Level
Slurred/unintelligible speech
Speech is too soft
Dysarthria
