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Zoology > Levels of Organization (muscle organ/muscle cells) > Flashcards

Levels of Organization (muscle organ/muscle cells) Flashcards

1
Q

Fascia

A

layers of tough, connective tissue

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2
Q

Belly

A

enlarged fleshy body of muscle located between the slender points of attachments

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3
Q

epimysium

A

outer layer of fascia that can extend to bone and form tendons

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4
Q

Perimysium

A

connective tissue layer that surrounds fascicles

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5
Q

endomysium

A

connective tissue layer around individual muscle fibers

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6
Q

muscle

A

organ of muscular system, composed of muscle and connective tissue

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7
Q

fascicles

A

muscle bundle fiber or a collection of muscle fibers

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8
Q

myofibrils

A

long bundled protein filaments that extend the entire length of the muscle fibers

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9
Q

Muscle fiber

A

cells of the muscular system

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10
Q

Myofilaments

A

protein strands, actin (thin) and myosin (thick)

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11
Q

Sarcolemma

A

plasma membrane of muscle fiber

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12
Q

Transverse (T) Tubules

A

tubelike inward folds of the sarcolemma that extends into the cell at regular intervals.

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13
Q

Transverse (T) Tubules function

A

Carry electrical impulses into the center of muscle fiber, allowing muscle fiber to contract

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14
Q

Sarcoplasm

A

cytoplasm of muscle fiber (liquid inside of the cell)

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15
Q

Sarcoplasm Reticulum

A

specialized Endoplasmic reticulum of muscle fiber

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16
Q

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum function

A

Stores high amounts of Calcium ions. Release calcium ions from S.R. is a “switch: for muscle contraction

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17
Q

Terminal Cisternae

A

enlarged portions of S.R.

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18
Q

Triad

A

2 terminal cisternae and their associated T tubules

19
Q

Sarcomere

A

contractile units that make up myofibrils, smallest portion of muscle that can contract, contains myofilaments

20
Q

Actin (thin)

A

composed of 3 parts: actin, tropomyosin, and troponin

21
Q

tropomyosin

A

long fibrous protein that lies in the groove along actin strand. Covers the “attachment/active site” in relaxed muscles

22
Q

troponin

A

anchors troponin to actin, prevents tropomyosin from uncovering actin attachment site in a relaxed muscle, and binds calcium ion

23
Q

Myosin (thick)

A

composed of elongated myosin molecules shaped like golf clubs

24
Q

Rod portion of myoson

A

lying parallel to myosin molecule

25
Q

myosin heads

A

two structures that extend laterally

26
Q

myosin heads functions

A

binds to active site on actin to form cross bridge, are attached to the rod with a hinge region that bends and straightens during contraction, heads break down ATP releasing energy

27
Q

Z disks

A

stationary acchors for actin mypfilaments. Created boundary for the sarcomere

28
Q

I Bnds

A

two light staining regions. Contains only actin. Includes Z Disks and extends to myosin

29
Q

A Band

A

darker staining band in the center of each sarcomere. Contains both actin and myosin

30
Q

H Zone

A

center of A Band, contains only myosin

31
Q

M-Line

A

middle of H Zone. Consists of protein filaments that hold myosin in place

32
Q

neuromuscular junction

A

point of contact between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber

33
Q

Presynaptic terminal/synaptic knob

A

part of the neuromuscular junction, contains enlarged axon terminals

34
Q

Synaptic vesicles

A

small spherical sacs that contain acetylcholine (neurotransmitter)

35
Q

Synaptic cleft

A

space between presynaptic terminal and muscle fiber (muscle and nerve are NOT in physical contact with each other)

36
Q

postsynaptic menbrane

A

portion of the sarcolemma of muscle fiber (area directly underneath a nerve fiber

37
Q

muscle contraction phases

A

Excitation, Excitation-Contraction Coupling, Contraction, and Relaxation

38
Q

Electrical potential

A

difference in electrical charges from one point to another

39
Q

charge inside of a cell

A

negative

40
Q

charge outside of a cell

A

positive

41
Q

Polarized

A

separation of charges between the inside of the call and the outside

42
Q

Depolarization

A

change in membrane potential, interior of cell becomes slightly positive and there is an influx of Na+ into cells

43
Q

Repolarization

A

Interior membrane returns to negative charge, influx of K+ out of cells

44
Q

Action Potential

A

quick up and down shift in voltage that spreads along sarcolemma

Zoology (6 decks)

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