Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Body Systems 1 > Levels of Organisation > Flashcards

Levels of Organisation Flashcards

1
Q

Levels of Organisation

A

Chemical - Cellular - Tissue - Organ - Organ System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is Homeostasis?

A

Maintaining a stable internal environment, and must be maintained in order to survive.
- regulation is adjustments in physiological systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How is Homeostasis regulated?

A

“Receptor” (detects change in stimulus)
“Integration Centre” (receives & processes info from receptor)
“Effector” (increases or decreases stimulus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is Positive feedback?

A

Initial stimulus causes response that increases stimulus.

e.g. blood clotting, child birth, labour.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Negative feedback?

A
  • Variation in homeostasis will trigger an automatic response that corrects the situation
  • Ignores minor variations and maintain normal range
  • Most homeostatic mechanisms in body involve negative feedback
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How is homeostasis maintained?

A

Through combined actions of many different cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What do cells do?

A
  • Maintains homeostasis through combined actions o many cells
  • Maintain anatomical structures
  • Smallest structural unit of life
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is surround the cell?

A
  • Extracellular substance (watery fluid)
  • Cell membrane that separates cytoplasm (intracellular from extracellular fluid)
  • Cytoplasm surrounds nucleus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What 2 liquids does the cytoplasm contain?

A

Cytosol & organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the functions of the Cell Membrane?

A
  • Physical barrier (separates inside of cell from extracellular fluid)
  • Regulates exchange in environment (controls entry and exit of ions & nutrients, eliminates waste and releases cellular secretions)
  • Sensitivity (first part of cell to be affected by ECF and contains receptors)
  • Structural support
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What fluids are the Cell Membrane made up of?

A

2 LAYERS: Hydrophilic (head - water loving)

Hydrophobic (tail - water hating)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the tail act as?

A

A selective barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is in the Phospholipid bilayer made up of?

A

Cholesterol, proteins, carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 2 membrane proteins?

A
  • Integral proteins (entire width of membrane - act as channels)
  • Peripheral proteins (attach to integral proteins)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What do the Membrane Carbohydrates do?

A
  • Cell lubricants
  • Glycocalyx (specific biological marker)
  • Helps to recognize bacteria and viruses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the types of permeability?

A
  • Impermeable = Nothing can leave
  • Permeability = Cross membrane freely
  • Selectively Permeable = Some can or can’t freely
17
Q

Does Active Transport require energy?

A

Yes, in the form of ATP

18
Q

Does Passive Transport require energy?

A

No

19
Q

What is involved in PASSIVE Cellular Transport?

A
  • Diffusion
  • Osmosis
  • Osmotic Pressure
  • Osmotic Flow
  • Facilitated Diffusion
20
Q

What is Diffusion?

A

Substances through High to Low concentrations WITHOUT energy

21
Q

What is Osmosis?

A

The diffusion of water across cellular membranes

  • the Higher the solute, the Lower the water conc.
  • Water flows across membrane towards solution containing higher solute conc.
  • Occurs across a selective permeable membrane.
22
Q

What is Osmotic Pressure?

A

The force of the water going through depends of what is in the most highly conc. area

23
Q

What is Osmotic Flow? (types of flow)

A

ISOtonic solution = balanced/equilibrium
HYPOtonic solution = water will flow into cell
HYPERtonic solution = water will flow out of cell

24
Q

What is Facilitated Diffusion?

A

Substances moved by binding to carrier molecules

25
Q

What is Active Transport?

A
  • Uses ATP to move molecules & ions across membrane
  • Not dependent on conc. gradient
  • Occurs when substances that are too large to pass through pores
  • ATP needs to bind to protein in order for K+ & Na + to move in and out of cell
  • SODIUM-POTASSIUM PUMP (helps with muscle contraction)

Human Body Systems 1 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions