Leveling and Bore Alignment Flashcards
Define flat
To be put in the same plane, but not level. It is on on incline on the same plane
Define plumb
To plumb is to align perpendicular to horizontal. A plumb bob can be used but becomes inaccurate in even the slightest of breeze
Define level
To put into same plane as the horizon
Define straight
To be in direct line of Eg. Several different components of a lathe all have different OD, but are straight with the centreline
Define square
Square refers to something that is aligned 90° to a reference line
What are some advantages of optical lines of sight
It does not sag because there is no weight involved, they cannot be kinked, it does not vibrate, there is no tripping hazard, it remains straight for long-distances,can measure accurately to within thousands of an inch over long distances
What can happen to optical rays through a change in temperature?
They can become distorted, like looking through heat sources
What is refracting?
The line of sight bends and gives false readings
How does line of sight differ when looking through different materials
Light bends differently through different materials
What is diffraction?
When you shoot too close to the edge of an opening or through too small of a hole it can bend the line of sight
Why can vibration be a source of error?
Vibration can travel through the stand and cause the target To blur
What is the difference between angle of incidence and angle of reflection
The angle of incidence is the one which you were looking at, and the angle of reflection is the image that is reflected off a polished surface or mirror
When looking through a medium the The light is always refracted toward or away from the normal. what does normal refer to?
Normal is a line perpendicular to where the two surfaces meet
When light rays look through tilted glass plate what happens
The light rays are displaced but always remain parallel
What is the difference between a convex lens and a concave lens
The convex lens focuses light to a single point, in the concave lens disperses light in all directions
What is the purpose of the eyepiece
It flips the image back from upside down
What is the purpose of the objective lens
It is located near the front end and directs the light rays of the object being sighted into the focus lens
What is a prism
A prism has a glass body with three or more optically flat surfaces that are not parallel. Prisms control the direction of light rays through refraction and reflectio
What is a penta prism
It is a five sided prism that has a special use an optical tooling and as the basis for the optical Square. No matter how you look through it the image is 90°
When you hear “auto” what should you think?
Mirror
When you hear “collimation” what should you think?
Light
What is auto reflection?
A mirror placed perpendicular to the eyes line of sight, gives you an exact reflection of yourself
What is auto collimation
It is similar to auto reflection, but it is more accurate because the line of sight of the telescope is aimed at the reflected image of the crosshairs of the telescope itself
Which is the most accurate out of collimation, auto-collimation auto reflection
Auto collimation
What is collimation?
The light source projects crosshairs of one telescope onto the crosshairs of another telescope
What is a collimeter?
There is no eyepiece It is used to align with a telescope and read off a collimeter reticle
What is an optical micrometer?
It is used for precision levelling, and is accurate to within .001” It can be an attachment or a self contained optical tool
What is s coincidence striding level?
It is used on an alignment telescope or collimator to establish the tool in a level position
How accurate is a coincidence striding level?
Accurate to within one arc second
What is an optical square?
It mounts to the end of a telescope, and is used to establish a plane perpendicular to the reference line of sight. The penta prism is the basis for the optical square
What is a lateral adjuster
They are similar to the crossfeed on a lathe. They are used for bucking in targets
What is the most accurate instrument for a straight line of sight?
An alignment telescope
What is the purpose of an alignment telescope?
They are used to see a reference line only. Using special attachments they can establish a vertical reference line or a perpendicular reference line
Why is the alignment telescope so accurate?
Because it has a built-in optical micrometer
What is a tilting level?
They are used to establish a level plane and are you strictly for leveling procedures
What is a tip in regards to accuracy of the tilting level?
To maintain accuracy the tool must be kept equal distance from the backsight and the foresight
What is the backsight?
It is also known as the benchmark. It is the one that you reference all other measurements from
When levelling a fish eye level what is the rule?
The bubble will move in the direction of the thumb on the left hand. It will move towards any clockwise direction rotation
What must be done before every shot
The coincidence level must be re-leveled every shot
When shooting with an optical level or jig transit what is the highest elevation?
The lowest number is the highest elevation
What is bucking in
Getting two targets in line
Describe the procedure of bucking in
- Rotate to sight of far target
- Move laterally to near target
- Rotate to sight of far target Continue repeating until both objects are in line
I was the accuracy of a jig transit or theodolite checked?
Using a plumbob immersed in a bucket of oil
What is the procedure for using a jig transit to establish a straight line of sight?
- Establish straight line of sight to one target
2. Transit the line of sight to other targets in a vertical plane
What is a theodolite?
A theodolite can be used to measure angles in a horizontal and vertical plane It measures-horizontal and vertical angles, horizontal planes, inclines, vertical heights
What is a theodolite usually equipped with?
And optical plumbob make me a easy to set up accurately over a set point
If a wire alignment is done properly how accurate can it be?
They can be accurate as close as .0001
What two things are needed to determine which sag chart to use
The wire thickness and the weight amount
What are laser glasses (laser awareness glasses)
They help improve the visibility of the laser dot, they do not protect the eyes at all from the laser
