Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

APT Level 4 > Level 4 A&P > Flashcards

Level 4 A&P Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
WSET ® Level 4 D2 Business of Wine flashcards
1
Q

What Pathology discipline processes samples for bacterial cultures that are taken at PM

A

Microbiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is DVT

A

(Deep vein thrombosis) results in pain, swelling, and tenderness in the affected area - usually in the leg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What can a DVT cause

A

DVT’s require urgent treatment as the blood clot can break off and make it to the lung. Where it can cause a PE (Pulmonary embolism)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a PE

A

Pulmonary Embolision- when a blood clot blocks a vessel in the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pneumonia affects which Organ?

A

The Lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is Pneumonia? what is it usually caused by?

A

An inflammatory condition of the lung- affecting primarily the samll air sacs known as alveoli. It is usually caused by infection with viruses or bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are three major risk factors of developing gangrene?

A
  1. Diabetes
  2. Alcholism
  3. Smoking
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is Gangrene?

A

Gangrene is a condition where loss of blood supply causes body tissue to die. Typically starts in the toes, feet, fingers and hands.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How can you develop Gangrene?

A

Gangrene can occur as a result of an injury, infection, or a long term condition that affects blood circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Mesothelioma is linked to exposure of what?

A

Asbestos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is mesothelioma?

A

A type of cancer that develops in the lining that covers the outer surface of some of the body’s organs. (Mainly affects the lining of the lungs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

At Post-Mortem examination what is a sign of Mesothelioma

A

Pleural Plaques

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What pathology discipline processes samples for drug and Toxicology analysis that are taken at PM

A

Biochemistry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is Biochemistry

A

Biochemistry is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In what organ does autolysis begin

A

The liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Autolysis?

A

Self-digestion- where cell membranes breakdown and leak their contents l, this results in enzymes being released causing a rapid cascade of tissue breakdown.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

True or False

Carbon monoxide is a poisonous gas that has a strong smell

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does carbon monoxide poison in a. persons bloodstream

A

The haemoglobin- this results in blood that can no longer carry blood round the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is cyanosis?

A

A bluish colour in the skin, lips and nail beds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What causes cyanosis

A

Cyanosis is caused by a shortage of oxygen in the blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

In what circumstance will a person not present with cyanosis in spite of asphyxiation?

A

When a person has asphyxiated by carbon monoxide poisoning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is Hazard Group 1’s definition.

A

Unlikely to cause human disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is Hazard Group 2s definition?

A

Can cause human disease - unlikely to spread to the community, and there is usually effective treatment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What Hazard Group 3’s definition?

A

Can cause severe human disease and may spread to the community- but there is usually effective treatment available

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is Hazard Group 4’s definition?

A

Causes severe human disease and is likely to spread to the community, and there is usually no effective treatment available.

26
Q

What type of PM should be carried out if a death is suspected to have occurred as a result of a crime

A

Forensic

27
Q

What is cachexia

A

Cachexia is a syndrome/condition where metabolic activity is altered, resulting in muscle, weight, and protein loss (Severe malnutrition). About 50% of cancer patients suffer from cachexia.

28
Q

What can cause an ischemic bowel

A

Reduced/blocked blood flow to the bowel.

29
Q

What is the process for histology

A

Sample is:
-Booked in
-Embedded in a cassette
-Processed in a tissue processor
-Cut on microtome
-Thin tissue slice added to slide
-Slide stained

30
Q

What causes creamy, purulent exudate on the surface of the brain?

A

Meningitis

31
Q

Muscle Hypertrophy involves an increase in muscle size through the growth in what?

A

The Size of the cells

32
Q

What can hypertension cause due to muscle hypertrophy

A

Ventricular Hypertrophy (Thickening of the Heart Walls)

33
Q

What is released from red blood cells when they are damaged?

A

Haemoglobin

34
Q

Is meningitis closely associated with septicemia

A

Yes

35
Q

What can meningitis cause?

A

life-threatening blood poisoning (septicemia)- resulting in damage to the brain or nerves.

36
Q

What is released when the heart is damaged either due to a blood clot or trauma.

A

Troponin

37
Q

When is molecular genetic testing of post mortem likely to break requested?

A

When the cause of death is due to an inherited condition.

38
Q

To send a PM tissue sample for genetic testing, how do you send it?

A

It must be sent fresh/frozen in a specimen pot and not in formalin

39
Q

What are diseases that cause caseous necrosis

A

TB, syphilis and fungi infections

40
Q

in what part of the body do microbes spread from following death

A

The intestines

41
Q

What is an infection if the inner surface of the heart called?

A

Infective endocarditis

42
Q

What can lead to infective endocarditis?

A

as heart valves do not have a dedicated blood supply. Any damaged valves can allow bacteria to grow on them, and that can lead to infective endocarditis

43
Q

A cancer that has spread from where it started to another part of the body is termed?

A

Metastatic

44
Q

A condition that is characterised by an excess of watery fluid collecting in the cavities or tissues of the body is called?

A

Oedema

45
Q

What does peripheral oedema affect?

A

The feet, ankles, legs, hands, and arms

46
Q

What is pulmonary oedema?

A

Excess fluid that has collected in the lungs that makes breathing difficult.

47
Q

What causes bilateral clubbing of the fingernails?

A

Malignant disease - Mostly of heart and lungs - However, it can occur for no obvious reason

48
Q

What is Marfan syndrome?

A

A genetic disorder of the body’s connective tissues

49
Q

What is the most serious sign/symptom associated with marfan syndrome?

A

Dilated aorta (can lead to thoracic aortic aneurysms).

50
Q

What is the pathology discipline for processing tissue samples for cell staining taken at PM

A

Histology

51
Q

Tissue taken at PM required to be sent for histology should be sent in what?

A

Formalin and a matching request form

52
Q

What are the different body types?

A

-The underweight body type
-The overweight body type
-The tall body type
-The yellow body
-The blue body
-The grey body

53
Q

What do you look at for a post-mortem external examination

A

-Body type
-Finger and toe nails
-Surgical scars and signs
-Limbs, Ulcers, Skin
- Trauma or hanging

54
Q

What is Jaundice caused by?

A

-Gallstone trapped in bile duct
-Pancreatic cancer
-liver if biliary malignancy
-Hepatitis

55
Q

what is an incision?

A

A clean-cut wound with a sharp object

56
Q

What is a laceration?

A

A wound produced by the tearing of body tissue, such as a blow from a blunt instrument.

57
Q

What is the difference between an embolism and a thrombus.

A

Thrombosis- Pure blood clot or thrombus forming in a vessel

Embolism- when a clot, fat or air bubble travels through the blood vessels with a risk of lodging somewhere else

58
Q

Where does an epidural haemorrhage (bleed) occur

A

Between the Skull and the dura mater

59
Q

Where does a subdural haemorrhage occur?

A

Between the dura and the arachnoid.

60
Q

what is hyperplasia

A

An increase in the number of cells

61
Q

What is Hypertrophy

A

An increase in the size of cells

APT Level 4 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions