Level 3 Checklist Flashcards
What is instructional control?
You establish this when you ask a learner to engage in a task demand and they comply. Should occur shortly after pairing with a learner.
What is pairing?
Establishing yourself as a conditioned reinforcer. This lays the groundwork for a good working relationship with the learner.
What is NET? Name several aspects of this.
NET focuses on letting the child take the lead while learning new skills in an environment they are in every day.
NET uses the principles of ABA to teach skills in an environment the child is familiar with. It is individualized for each child based on the activities they do every day.
NET is a less structured teaching style.
NET can take place anywhere—at home, school, or out in the community.
The important thing is that teaching takes place in an environment that the child is familiar with
What is DTT? Name several aspects of this.
DTT is a structured ABA technique that breaks down skills into small, “discrete” components. Systematically, the trainer teaches these skills one by one. Along the way, trainers use tangible reinforcements for desired behavior.
What are antecedent strategies?
Antecedent-based interventions (ABIs) are strategies that involve modifying the environment to reduce undesirable behaviors among learners with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other developmental disorders.
What is reinforcement?
A functional relation that exists when a stimulus has followed a response and the future frequency of that response increases.
What is prompting?
Refers to providing assistance or cues to encourage the use of a specific skill.
What is errorless learning?
Gradually fading instructional stimuli (response or stimulus prompts) in order to minimize or prevent errors.
What is a mand?
An elementary verbal operant that is evoked by a motivating operation and followed by specific reinforcement.
What is a tact?
An elementary verbal operant evoked by a nonverbal discriminative stimulus and followed by generalized conditioned reinforcement (SEE-SAY Response).
What is an echoic?
An elementary verbal operant involving an auditory response that is evoked by an auditory verbal discriminative stimulus that has point-to-point correspondence and formal similarity with the response; (HEAR-SAY Response).
What is an intraverbal?
An elementary verbal operant that is evoked by a verbal discriminative stimulus and that does not have point-to-point correspondence with that verbal stimulus (HEAR-SAY response)
What is listener responding?
Is following directions given by others—for example, stand up, walk to the table, find mom, touch the chair, and pick up book. This is an important skill to discriminate between multiple items, instructions, and people.
What does LRFFC stand for? Give example:
Listener Responding by Function, Feature, and Class (LRFFC) (e.g., Can you find an animal? Which one do you eat with?)
What is imitation?
Imitation refers to the emission of a behavior that is topographically similar and temporally proximal to the behavior of a model. In other words, Imitation means “to mimic another person’s behavior”. Infants and children absorb vast amount of information through the imitation of others.
What is VPMTS?
Visual perceptual skills and matching-to-sample, or VP-MTS (matching visual stimuli). Child is given a picture and asked to find its match.
Why are social programs important in ABA?
ABA therapy emphasizes teaching and developing social skills for children with autism, utilizing a set of techniques and procedures based on the science of behavior analysis. This methodology is designed to improve a variety of skills related to social play, social language, and social intuition.
What is behavior? Give an example.
The activity of living organisms.
What is positive reinforcement?
A functional relation that occurs when a response is followed by the presentation (addition) of a stimulus and, as a result, the behavior occurs more frequently in the future
Give an example of positive reinforcement.
Dog trainers give dogs food rewards every time they raise their paws on command.
Mom gives a child an allowance for doing house chores.
What is negative reinforcement?
A functional relation that exists when a response is followed by the removal of an aversive stimulus and, as a result, the future frequency of that response increases
Give an example of negative reinforcement.
A mosquito be me on the arm. Now it itches! It feels better when I scratch it. Then a minute later it would itch again, so I scratch again.
A failing grade is removed when a student turns in the missing homework
What is positive punishment?
A type of punishment where the stimulus change involves the presentation of a stimulus immediately following a response that decreases future frequency of behavior
Give and example of positive punishment.
Adding chores and responsibilities when a child fails to follow the rules
Adding extra sensitivity training to employees who offend or harass someone at work.
What is negative punishment?
A type of punishment where the stimulus change involves termination of an already present stimulus immediately following a response that decreases future frequency of behavior
Give an example of negative punishment.
Taking away a student’s recess privilege to stop their disruption
Taking away a teenager’s phone to stop the bad attitude
What is extinction?
All occurrences of a behavior result in reinforcer being withheld (none result in reinforcement)
What is ABC recording?
A form of direct, continuous observation in which the observer records a descriptive, temporally sequenced account of all behavior(s) of interest and the antecedent conditions and consequences for those behaviors as those events occur in the client’s natural environment.
Define antecedent.
environmental conditions or stimulus changes that exist or occur prior to the behavior of interest
Define consequence.
a stimulus change that follows a behavior of interest
List the four functions of behavior.
S.E.A.T.: Sensory, Escape, Attention, Tangibles (access to)
What is satiation?
An abolishing operation in which the individual has engaged in some sort of behavior that temporarily decreased the value of a consequence as a reinforcer and temporarily makes the person less likely to engage in behaviors to access that consequence.
What is deprivation?
Deprivation occurs when an individual has been without a desired item or activity for an extended period of time. The value of that item or activity increases to the individual due to the lack of exposure.
What is motivation?
Motivating operations (MOs) are events that either encourage or prevent a certain behavior. An MO is essentially the desire that drives a specific action
What is DRO?
Differential reinforcement of zero rates (DRO). A procedure in which the practitioner reinforces whenever the problem behavior has not occurred during or at specific times. Procedural variations include interval and momentary schedules. Also referred to as omission training.
What is DRA?
Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA).A procedure in which the practitioner reinforces occurrences of a behavior that provides a desirable and functionally-equivalent alternative to the problem behavior but is not necessarily incompatible with it and withholds reinforcement following instances of the problem behavior.
What is DRI?
Differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI). A procedure in which the practitioner reinforces a behavior that can not occur simultaneously with the problem behavior and withholds reinforcement following instances of the problem behavior.
What is a fixed ratio schedule?
A schedule of reinforcement that requires a fixed number of responses to be completed before a response produces reinforcement.
What is a fixed interval schedule?
A schedule of reinforcement in which the reinforcer is delivered for the first response emitted following the passage of a fixed duration of time since the last response was reinforced.
What is a variable ratio schedule?
A schedule of reinforcement that requires a variable number of responses to be completed before a response produces reinforcement.
What is a variable interval schedule?
A schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement is delivered for the first response emitted following the passage of a variable duration of time since the last response was reinforced.
Continuous measurement examples:
,Frequency, duration, rate, latency, interresponse time (IRT), Permanent product recording
Continuous measurement is used for:
Low rates of behavior
Discontinuous measurement is used for:
Hight rates of behavior
Examples of discontinuous measurement include:
Partial-interval recording, whole-interval recording, momentary time sampling
What is a stimulus prompt?
A prompt that operates directly on the antecedent stimuli to cue a correct response.
What is a chaining procedure?
A specific sequence of discrete responses, each associated with a particular stimulus condition. When linked together, the result is a behavior change that produces a terminal outcome. Three types: forward, backward and total task.
Examples of chaining procedures we use:
A specific sequence of discrete responses, each associated with a particular stimulus condition. When linked together, the result is a behavior change that produces a terminal outcome. Three types: forward, backward and total task.
What is shaping?
The process of differentially reinforcing successive approximations toward a terminal behavior.
What is Hector’s favorite food?
Hmm..?
