Level 2 Language Features Flashcards
Rhyme
When the ends of words have the same sound. Usually at the ends of lines of poetry but can be internal rhyme.
Rhythm
A regular pattern of stressed and unstressed symbols.
Alliteration
Repetition of the same consonant sound at the beginning of words. Usually in close succession.
Assonance
Vowel sounds are repeated at the beginning or middle of nearby words.
Sound Clusters
A group of sounds is repeated throughout a sentence or a group of lines in a poem, not just at the beginnings of words.
Onomatopoeia
Words sound like the sounds they name.
Repetition
Repeating the same or nearly the same words for effect.
Parallel Construction
Using the same word class order twice (in same or two sentences).
Triple Construction
Repeating three times a group of words that have the same pattern of word classes. Each group may or may not start with the same word/s.
Simile
An image that compares two things using like or as.
Metaphor
An image that compares two things without using like or as.
Personification
An image that gives human qualities to non-human things.
Choice of words (vocabulary)
Using more unusual or specialized or technical words.
Use of Slang
Most likely used in direct speech.
Use of direct or indirect speech
Quoting or reporting spoken words.
Use of incorrect grammar
Generally used in direct speech but may also be used in autobiography for a particular effect.
Pun
Wordplay involving the use of a word with two different meanings or two words that sound the same but mean different things.
Often used in advertising.
Hyperbole
Deliberate exaggeration.
Litotes
Deliberate understatement.
Use of multiple adjectives or adverbs
The adjectives give more information about the noun and the adverbs about the verb.
Simple sentences
These have only one complete verb, though there may be one or more incomplete verbs.
Compound sentences
These have a minimum of two complete verbs and each part of the sentence can stand on its own.
Complex Sentences
These have a minimum of two complete verbs; the part of the sentence which has one of those verbs, but cannot stand on its own, is called a subordinate clause.
Rhetorical question
A question that does not expect an answer from the reader or audience.
Use of command
This is the verb used alone (without a noun or pronoun). Can be used with adverbs or other word classes.
Use of first and second person pronouns
1st person singular = I, me, my, mine, plural = We, us, our, ours
2nd person singular and plural = You, your, yours
Mostly used in autobiography 1st person narrative direct speech oral presentations
Symbolism
Use of an object (concrete noun) to represent some emotion or belief system or other abstract noun.
Euphemism
Use of a less objectionable or harsh expression to avoid upsetting or offending people.
Neologism
New word – an invented word.
Listing
Objects/reasons/parts of a whole, etc. are listed – in text, usually with commas separating them; in adverts/web pages or text, can be with bullet points.
Emotive language
Choice of words which have specifically intended emotional effects or are intended to evoke an emotional response in the reader.
Sarcasm
Unkind humour directed against what the writer / speaker doesn’t like.
Irony
Saying the opposite of what you mean.
Contrast
Using words of opposite meaning close together.
Use of numbers/statistics
Use of authority figures
The words (or image) of a famous person or celebrity are used.
Allusion
A reference to another work.
Quotation
Direct use of another’s words (spoken or written)
