Level 2 Flashcards
A-delta fiber
Fast, myelinated, large diameter
C-fiber
Slow, nonmyelinated, small diameter
Meissner corpuscle
Fine, light touch, position
Pacinian corpuscle
Vibration, pressure
Ruffini corpuscle
Stretch, slippage
Head and neck
T1-4
Heart and lungs
T1-4
Foregut
T5-9
Midgut
T10-11
Hindgut
T12-L2
Kidneys
T10-11
Appendix
T12
UE
T2-8
LE
T11-L2
Upper ureters and gonads
T10-11
Lower ureters and all other GU
T12-L2
SNS and PSNS: foregut
SNS: Celiac
PSNS: CN X
SNS and PSNS: midgut
SNS: SM
PSNS: CN X
SNS and PSNS: hindgut
SNS: IM
PSNS: pelvic splanchinic n.
What is the orientation of cervical nerves?
They exit above their associated spinal level.
-C7 nerve exits at C6
Radiculitis =
Radiculopathy =
Radiculitis = sensory
Radiculopathy = motor and reflex
Major motions of the following:
- OA
- AA
- C2-7
- OA: Flexion, extension
- AA: Rotation
- C2-7: Sidebending
Whiplash injuries cause:
Loss of lordosis
Orientation of the superior facets (C,T,L)
C: BUM
T: BUL
L: BM
True ribs
1-7
False ribs
8-10
Typical ribs
3-9
Atypical ribs
1, 2, 10, 11, 12
Pump handle ribs
1-5
Bucket handle ribs
5-10
Muscle attachments:
R1 R2 R3-5 R6-9 R10-12
R1: anterior and middle scalene R2: posterior scalene R3-5: pectoralis minor R6-9: serratus anterior R10-12: latissimus dorsi
Attachments of the diaphragm
L1-3
Ribs 6-12
Rule of 3s
T1-3: TP and SP at same level
T4-6: TP 1/2 segmen above SP
T7-9: TP 1 full segment above
T10: TP 1 full segment above
T11: TP 1 full segment above
T12: TP and SP at same level
Supination of the radial head is paired with:
Anterior motion
Pronation of the radial head is paired with:
Posterior motion
McMurray setup to test MM
Flex knee, ER foot/leg and apply valgus stress
McMurray setup to test LM
Flex knee, IR foot/leg and apply varus stress
Pronation of ankle is paired with:
Dorsiflexion
Eversion
Abduction
Supination of ankle is paired with:
Plantarflexion
Inversion
Adduction
Anterior fibular head is paired with:
Pronation of the foot (D,E,Abd)
Posterior talus
Posterior fibular head is paired with:
Supination of the foot (P,I,Add)
Setup for a posterior fibular head MET
Place pt. into pronation barrier; supinate the foot against resistance.
Setup for a anterior fibular head MET
Place the pt. into supination barrier; pronate the foot against resistance.
Scoliosis angulation and treatments:
Mild
Moderate
Severe
Mild: <20; OMT
Moderate: 21-45; OMT and brace
Severe: >50; surgery
Functional short leg is paired with:
Anatomical short leg is paired with:
Functional short leg is paired with: anterior innominate rotation
Anatomical short leg is paired with: posterior innominate rotation
Leg-length replacement
Old:
Young:
Old: 1/16” q 2 wks.
Young: 1/8” q 2 wks.
Max is 1/2” q 2 wks.
Superior sacral axis:
Medial sacral axis:
Inferior sacral axis:
Craniosacral and respiratory motion
Postural motion
Innominate motion
Counterstrain pathology is due to:
Dysfunctional neuromuscular reflexes causing increased gamma gain
3 changes in pregnancy due to relaxin
1 from progesterone
Anterior pelvic tilt
Worse lumbar lordosis
Hypertonic back musculature
Venous congestion
What does the dura attach to?
C2, C3, Foramen magnum and sacrum
Cranial Flexion
SBS: Sacrum: Respiration: Paired bones: AP diameter of head:
SBS: cephalad Sacrum: extension (counternutates) Respiration: inhalation Paired bones: ER AP diameter of head: decreases
Cranial Extension
SBS: Sacrum: Respiration: Paired bones: AP diameter of head:
SBS: caudad Sacrum: flexion (nutates) Respiration: exhalation Paired bones: IR AP diameter of head: increases
Torsion
Axes:
Rotation:
Axes: 1 AP
Rotation: S/O rotate opposite
SBR
Axes:
Rotation:
Axes: 2 vertical, 1 AP
Rotation: S/O rotate in same direction in AP; opposite in vertical
Vertical
Axes:
Rotation:
Axes: 2 transverse
Rotation: S/O rotate in same direction
Lateral
Axes:
Rotation:
Axes: 2 vertical
Rotation: S/O rotate in same direction; translate in opposite direction.
