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CATs > Level 1 > Flashcards

Level 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Surgical protocol for Achilles’ tendon rupture

A

Cast or brace for 6-8 weeks

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2
Q

Prognosis to returning to plof after Achilles’ tendon rupture

A

6-7 months

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3
Q

A pt with surgical repair of Achilles’ tendon has A decreased brisk for route injury and a higher rate of return to athletic activities t/f

A

True

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4
Q

What test can assist in diagnosing adhesive capsulitis?

A

Arthrogram by detecting a decreased volume of fluid within the joint capsule

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5
Q

What part of the joint capsule is the tightest with adhesive capsulitis

A

Anteroinferior

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6
Q

What was two interventions for chronic adhesive cap?

A

US and grade iii and iv mobs

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7
Q

Acute bursitis difference from adhesive capsulitis

A

Acute bursitis only a few weeks, severe pain c a and p rom in ALL directions especially flexion greater than 90 and abduction greater than 60, arises secondary to calcific tendonitis

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8
Q

Leading cause of death in a person with Alzheimer’s is infection and ?

A

Dehydration.

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9
Q

How is Alzheimer’s different from multi infarct dementia

A

Multi infarct dementia produces symptoms in a step like manner secondary to ongoing cerebral infarcts.

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10
Q

What are some diagnostic tests for als

A

EMG for fibrillation and muscle fasciculations
Muscle biopsy verifies LMN involvement
Spinal tap may reveal a high protein content
Ct scan will appear normal until late

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11
Q

Primary indicator of als

A

Motor involvement without sensory .. Also eye movement , bowel and bladder remain intact

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12
Q

LBP, lim spinal ext,morning stiffness, fatigue, weight loss, kyphosis, X-ray reveal ossification

A

Ankylosing spondylitis

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13
Q

X-ray showing bamboo appearance of the spine

A

Late stage ankylosing spondylitis - accompanied with multiple cardiopulmonary complications

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14
Q

Best exercise for pt with AS

A

Swimming is highly recommended ** Low impact aerobic training emphasizing extension and rotation - high impact and flexion are contraindicated

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15
Q

PCL rehab typically emphasizes strengthening of the

A

Quads

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16
Q

T/f rarely to surgeons do PCL reconstruction due to lack of functional limitations

A

T- but there are long term djd changes due to alternation of arthrokinematics

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17
Q

Non surgical procedure for Achilles’ tendon rupture

A

Includes serial casting for approximately 10 weeks followed by the use of a heel lift to ensure maximum healing without stress on the tendon for 3 to 6 months

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24
Q

Common sites for arterial insufficiency ulcers

A

Dorsum of the foot, the lateral malleolus, and toes

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25
Q

Around with shallow , irregular edges?

A

Venous- min pain, heavy exudate

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26
Q

Plain film radiography diagnose bicipital tendinitis?

A

No, but can show calcification in the groove in the groove or subacromial spurring

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27
Q

Initial PT for bicipital tendinitis

A

Avoidance of overhead motions, possible short term immobilization, pendulum exercises, use of tens, no active PT initially

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28
Q

Anterior joint instability could likely cause

A

A bankart lesion which is a avulsion of the labral ligamentous complex from the Anteroinferior aspect of the glenoid - CT scan needed to diagnoses and surgery to repair

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29
Q

Five common sites of breast cancer meta

A

Brain, lungs, bone, adrenals, liver

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30
Q

Post surgical carpal tunnel pts should avoid

A

Wrist flexion and a forceful grasp- SHOULD include tendon gliding, massage, desensitization techniques, modalities, etc- after four weeks a pt can progress with active wrist flexion, gentle stretching, putty exercises, light PRE, and continued modifications of body mechanics

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31
Q

What is the location of the guyon tunnel

A

Between hook of the hamate and the pisiform- will cause atrophy of hypothenar musculature

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32
Q

Hyper extension injury to the spinal column will cause Injury to which ligament?

A

Ligamentum flavum

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33
Q

Cor pulmonale is normally seen as a consequence of

A

Copd due to sustained hypoxia which produces an inc in pulmonary artery pressure

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34
Q

High concentration of sodium and chloride in sweat is a consistent finding for?

A

Cf- parents will notice a salty taste when kissing child- greater than 60mEq/l

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35
Q

90% of pts with cf have pancreatic enzyme deficiency which eventually leads to fibrosis of the pancreas. This process interferes with?

A

Digestion and absorption of nutrients

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36
Q

Cf is obstructive disease common pulm function test findings?

A

Decreased fev1 and fvc, increased frc and rv

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37
Q

Williams flexion exercises are performed with which condition

A

Spondylolisthesis- strengthen abdominals and reduce lumbar lordosis

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38
Q

Degenerative spondylolisthesis causes ?

A

Spinal stenosis

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39
Q

Polyuria, polydipsia (inc thirst), polyphasia, along with nausea, weight loss, fatigue, blurred vision and dehydration. Signs of?

A

Type I dm

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40
Q

Diagnoses of DM- fasting and random blood glucose levels?

A

Fasting greater than 125 mg/Dl

Random of 200 mg/dl

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41
Q

Hypotonia, developmental delay, lax ligs, and poor strength are key areas of focus for what disorder?

A

Down’s syndrome

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42
Q

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is initially identified by

A

Child having difficulty getting off the floor, needing to use the gower’s maneuver to compensate for the proximal muscle weakness

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43
Q

What disease causes pockets of air to for, between the alveolar spaces, increasing the dead space and impairing gas exchange

A

Emphysema - caused by destruction of elastin protein within the alveolar walls

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44
Q

X-ray showing an increased sub costal angle is indicative of!

A

Copd- emphysema

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45
Q

Which cervical root is affected with Erb’s palsy?

A

C5-c6: loss of rotator cuff, deltoid, brachial is, coracobrachialis, and biceps brachis function

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46
Q

Diagnosis of fibromyalgia

A

Widespread history of pain that exists in all four quadrants, axial pain, and pain in at least 11 of 18 standardized “tender point” sites. On TOP of fatigue, IBS, depression

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47
Q

Initial exercise session duration for a fibromyalgia pt

A

3-5 min initially due to low tolerance for excursion and should not be worked through pain. Weight lifting should be avoided

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48
Q

Disease progression of GBS

A

Symptoms peak at 4 weeks, plateau for 2-4 weeks, followed by gradual recovery that can last up to 2 years

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49
Q

Three phases of HIV disease process

A

Asymptomatic hiv, symptomatic HIV, aids

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50
Q

During which phase do T cell counts begin with p drop

A

Asymptomatic phase - 1-2 years post infection

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51
Q

Normal range for T cell count

A

650-1200 cells

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52
Q

Onset of aids occurs when T cell count drop below

A

200 cells per mm3

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53
Q

Medical management will institute antiretroviral therapy HAART when T cells drop below

A

500 mm3

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54
Q

Leading cause of death from aids

A

Kidney failure due to extended drug therapies

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55
Q

With what disease The ventricles become enlarged secondary to atrophy of basal ganglia

A

Huntingtons disease - the pt will initially present with involuntary choreic movements and mild alterations in personality - late stage is characterized by a decrease in IQ, dementia, incontinence, inability to ambulate, progression from choreiform movements to rigidity.

56
Q

What causes inflammation and stiffness to multiple joints for a period of greater than 6 weeks

A

JRA

57
Q

Visual problems, paresthesias, clumsiness, weakness, ataxia, balance dysfunction, and fatigue are initial symptoms of?

A

MS- frequent rest breaks,break up task into smaller steps to avoid fatigue. On going ambulation and mobility activities are important to maintain endurance and prevent disuse atrophy

58
Q

What does an elevated st segment indicate

A

Acute infraction

59
Q

What does depressed ST segment indicate

A

A pending subendocardial or transmural infarction

60
Q

An inverted t wave indicates

A

Myocardial ischemia

61
Q

Exercise testing is performed within ____ days of the MI in order to establish baseline guidelines for a pt that has been cleared to exercise

A

3 days

62
Q

Ulcer with a well defined oval or round shape surrounded by a rim of hypertrophic callus. Usually occurs on the plantar surface of foot by the met heads

A

Neuropathic ulcer

63
Q

Primary vs secondary OA

A

Primary is related to aging vs secondary to trauma in younger age

64
Q

A genetic defect affecting collagen producing genes and reduces production of collagen

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta

65
Q

Blue schelra, easy bruising, triangular face, bowing of long bones, brittle teeth are signs and symptoms of?

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta

66
Q

Strengthening exercises for OI should avoid?

A

Rotational forces, placing weights/resistance near a joint, and using long lever arms. Child needs to exercise and weight bear in a safe fashion in order to optimize strength and bone mass

67
Q

What should a pt with op avoid

A

Excessive flexion durin exercise or adls, heavy resistance exercise, use of ballistic movements

68
Q

Disease cussing bone deformities, brittle bone, bone pain, and abnormal thickened spongy bone

A

Pagets also cause fatigue stiffness hearing loss headache

69
Q

Progression of Parkinson’s disease includes?

A

Dysphasia, difficulty with speech, and pulmonary impairment

70
Q

Less pain with superficial or deep partial thickness burn?

A

Deep

71
Q

Which burn will blanch, superficial or deep partial thickness burn?

A

Superficial partial thickness burn will blanch when touched and the return to red color indicating capillary refill is intact

72
Q

A pt with a deep partial thickness burn will benefit from PT interventions to address ?

A

Wound and edema management and prevent the for,action of hyperthrophic or keloid scarring

73
Q

What burn involves the epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissue, and larger blood vessels

A

Sub dermal

74
Q

Pain location differentiation for patellofemoral syndrome vs patellar tendinitis

A

Retropatellar pain for patellofemoral vs point tenderness at the superior pole of the patella tendon for patellar tendinitis

75
Q

Exercise prescription for patellofemoral syndrome

A

Strengthening of the vastus medialis, flexibility of lateral fascia, medial patellar glides, taping, and avoidance of deep squats

76
Q

What Is the goal of a walking program for PVD

A

Have the pt achieve longer walking periods with less rest, eventually walking for 30 mins continuously. Initially have the pt walk until near maximal pain and then rest until the pain is relieved in order to promote collateral circulation

77
Q

What should a pt do if they have pain at night due to PVD

A

Head of bed elevated 4-6 inches

78
Q

How is a stage one pressure ulcer classified

A

As an area of nonblanchable erythema of intact skin

79
Q

Stage iii pressure ulcer

A

Through the epidermis, dermis, and into the subcutaneous tissue, but not through fascia

80
Q

Condition where there is an increase in sympathetic activity which causes a release of norepinephrine in the periphery and subsequent vasoconstriction of blood vessels. Results in pain and an increase in sensitivity to peripheral stimulation

A

reflex sympathetic dystrophy RDS

81
Q

Symptoms of RDS

A

A pt with RDS will experience intense, burning, and chronic pain in the affected extremity that will eventually spread proximally. May progressive to bone demineralization, edema, joint ankylosis, atrophy– initiate treatment ASAP

82
Q

Poor lung expansion causing inability to deep inspire

A

Restrictive lung disease

83
Q

As restrictive lung disease progresses, respiratory muscle fatigue will lead to ?

A

Respiratory muscle fatigue will lead to Impaired alveolar ventilation and carbon dioxide retention. Pt first will have exertion all dyspnea and then progress to dyspnea at rest

84
Q

An infectious and inflammatory systemic disease that can result in restrictive lung disease

A

Tuberculosis- droplet precautions

85
Q

80% of individuals diagnosed c RA possess a positive

A

RF - rheumatic factor in addition to elevated wbc, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hemoglobin, and hematocrit values

86
Q

Extraarticular manifestations of RA

A

Perry carditis anemia tearing of tendons and muscular true osteoporosis swan neck and boutonniere deformity’s compression neuropathy’s peripheral neuropathy’s depression pleurisy skin changes and anorexia

87
Q

Systemic effects of RA

A

Insomnia, fatigue, and organ involvement including the heart and lungs

88
Q

RA exercise guidelines

A

Gentle isometrics for strengthening…. Aggressive strengthening always contraindicated. In the acute phase should avoid resistive training, deep heating modalities, and any form of active stretching since it will further exacerbate RA

89
Q

Which two muscles depress the humeral head with elevation

A

Supraspinatus and subscapularis

90
Q

Rehab of rotator cuff tendinitis

A

Stretching and strengthening exercises must remain pain free; strengthening exercises are initiated with the arm at the pt side to avoid impingement, it is important for the entire cuff to be strong prior to initiating overhead activities

91
Q

Following a rotator cuff tear the shoulder is usually protected by a sling and small amount of abduction for how long?

A

First 6 weeks sp repair

92
Q

Sciatic nerve distribution

A

L5,l5, s1-3

93
Q

A patient with scoliosis less than 25 degrees should be monitored every

A

Three months

94
Q

If scoliosis ranges between 25-40 degrees it requires a

A

Spinal orthosis and PT intervention for posture, flexibility, strengthening, respiratory function, and proper utilization of the spinal orthosis

95
Q

A scoliosis with greater than 40 degree curve requires

A

Surgical spinal stabilization

96
Q

What is the most effective way to prevent neural tube defects?

A

Prenatal care including recommended amount of folic acid, especially in the first 6 weeks of pregnancy

97
Q

90% of the myelomeningocele cases a _____ is required

A

Shunt is required for hydrocephalus - 1/3 of all cases have mild retardation - all have attention problem solving perceptual difficulty

98
Q

Ongoing additional findings with myelomeningocele include

A

Hydrocephalus, club foot, neuropathic fracture, visual problems, osteoporosis, kyphosis, hip dislocation, and latex allergy

99
Q

Drug often given to sci pts to control the amount of secondary damage and improve the neurological outcome

A

Intravenous methylprednisolone

100
Q

A connective tissue disorder caused by an autoimmune reaction in the body

A

Systemic lupus erythematosus

101
Q

Initial presentation SLE of causing pt to go see physician

A

Fever, malaise, rash, arthralgias, headache, and weight loss

102
Q

Common presentation throughout the course of SLE

A

Red butterfly rash, arthralgias, alopecia, pleurisy, kidney involvement, seizures, depression, fibromyalgia, and cardiac involvement

103
Q

PT goals should focus on with pts c SLE

A

Relaxation and energy conservation, stress reduction, therapeutic ex as tolerated, and pain management

104
Q

Thoracic outlet syndrome symptoms

A

Difficulty sleeping due to excessive pillows or malpositioning of the arm, difficulty with carrying shit on the affected side, or difficulty driving car

105
Q

TOS PT intervention

A

Stretching scalenes, pain management, strengthening traps, lavatory scap, and rhomboids, postural awareness, activity modification

106
Q

Anterolateral THA approach precautions

A

Avoid hip flexion and ER

107
Q

What THA approach is used for pts that might be noncomplaint with post surgical precautions

A

Direct lateral approach

108
Q

A cemented hip replacement allows for what kind of weight bearing initially

A

Partial

109
Q

Noncemented THA require what type of WB and for how long?

A

TTWB for up to 6 weeks

110
Q

Hip precautions should be adhered to for

A

Min of 3 months

111
Q

Neers shoulder protocol for advocates for initiating isometric exercises shoulder exercises ____ weeks after TSA and AROM after ____ weeks

A

3, 6

112
Q

PROM and AAROM are indicated for the first phase of rehab following a TSA but ____ is contraindicated

A

AROM

113
Q

Pt should avoid IR and ER rom 35 degrees during the first 2-3 weeks post surgery

A

T- initial phase should focus on PROM, AAROM, and pendulum and wand exercises

114
Q

A hemiarthroplasty is indicated over a TSA when ?

A

Humeral head/neck fracture beyond repair, pt doesn’t have enough to bone density to support the glenoid component or when there is significant rotator cuff deficiencies

115
Q

Nightly malignant cancer that begins in the medullary cavity of a bone

A

Osteosarcoma

116
Q

Pain, swelling that is worse at night or with exercise are symptoms of

A

Osteosarcoma -

117
Q

Where does osteosarcoma metastasize to

A

Lungs in 90 % of the cases

118
Q

PT interventions for pelvic floor muscle weakness that is tested as 0-2/5 includes

A

Biofeedback, estim, bladder retraining, therapeutic exercise. Pelvic floor muscle strengthening at this level includes facilitation and tapping of the pelvic floor muscles, overflow exercises using the Buttocks, adductors, and lower abdominals, and the implementation of kegal exercises

119
Q

PT intervention for pelvic floor muscle weakness or 3-5/5 include

A

Continued biofeedback and bladder retraining, weighted vaginal cones for resisted training, and implementation of pelvic floor muscle exercise during activities

120
Q

Polyarticular JRA involves how many joint

A

More than 4 joints

121
Q

What stage- pitting edema that reduces with elevation over night and does not exhibit any fibrotic changes

A

Stage I

122
Q

Stage II edema

A

Fibrotic changes begin to occur and increase in non-pitting edema that does not reduce with elevation

123
Q

Stage III edema is characterized by

A

Skin changes, frequent infections, and severe edema that is non pitting and fibrotic.

124
Q

In addition to ROM, strengthening, etc the PT should do transverse friction massage to the healing MCL ligament so that it does not adhere to surrounding structures. Care must be taken to avoid massaging what part?

A

The proximal attachment of the MCL due to potential bony periosteal disruption .. Use of crutches should Continue until the pt can adequately extend the knee

125
Q

Erb’s palsy waiters tip deformity

A

Loss of elbow flexion and wrist supination, and the hand positioned in a pinch grip manner

126
Q

During The recovery of Erb’s palsy nerve regeneration remains at a constant speed however

A

PT intervention can assist with overall strength and function during recovery

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