Levebvre Lectures

Question 1

TF that specifies the ICM during the morula stage

Answer 1

Oct4

Question 2

TF that specifies the TE during the morula stage

Answer 2

Cdx2

Question 3

TF that specifies the primitive endoderm during the blastocyst stage

Answer 3

Gata6

Question 4

TF that specifies the epiblast during the blastocyst stage

Answer 4

Nanog

Question 5

TF that specifies the polar TE and the mural TE during the blastocyst stage

Answer 5

Cdx2

Question 6

Embryonic day at the zygote stage in mice

Answer 6

E0.5

Question 7

Embryonic day at the morula stage in mice

Answer 7

E2.5-E3.0

Question 8

Embryonic day at the blastocyst stage in mice

Answer 8

E3.5-E4.5

Question 9

Embryonic day at the implantation stage in mice

Answer 9

E5.0

Question 10

Embryonic day at the gastrulation stage in mice

Answer 10

E6.75

Question 11

Embryonic day at the turning stage in mice

Answer 11

E8.5

Question 12

Embryonic day at the phylotypic stage in mice

Answer 12

E8.0-E9.0

Question 13

Embryonic day at the organogenesis stage in mice

Answer 13

E9.0-E12.0

Question 14

Embryonic day at the fetal growth/development stage in mice

Answer 14

E12.5-E18.5

Question 15

Embryonic day at the birth stage in mice

Answer 15

E19.0

Question 16

Embryonic day at the adult stage in mice

Answer 16

E50

Question 17

What percentage of human embryos die before birth?

Answer 17

60%

Question 18

Organ systems with no survival value in utero (5)

Answer 18

Gut, lungs, CNS, MSK system, urogenital system

Question 19

Which ZP protein does sperm bind to?

Answer 19

ZP3

Question 20

Which pronucleus is larger during fertilization?

Answer 20

Male - twice the volume of female pronucleus

Question 21

Which hormones control maturation of the oocyte?

Answer 21

FSH and LH

Question 22

What is the effect of c-mos KO in mice?

Answer 22

Spontaneous activation of oocytes (parthenogenesis)

Question 23

What is the role of c-mos in mice?

Answer 23

Prevents spontaneous activation of oocyte

Question 24

Mechanisms for ovarian teratomas (2)

Answer 24

Retention of second polar body; diploidization of spontaneously activated 1n egg

Question 25

Where does ovulation - early morula stage occur in mice?

Answer 25

Oviduct

Question 26

Where does late morula - blastocyst stage occur in mice?

Answer 26

Uterus

Question 27

When does minor ZGA occur?

Answer 27

Late 1-cell stage

Question 28

When does major ZGA occur?

Answer 28

2-4-cell stage

Question 29

When does MGA occur?

Answer 29

4-8-cell stage

Question 30

Polarity model vs inside-outside model

Answer 30

Polarity model: blastomeres on the outside are polarized prior to division; if divided horizontally, apical domain will make a TE cell and apolar domain will make ICM Inside-outside mode: ICM cells simply requires internal position surrounded by other cells

Question 31

In which cells is Hippo pathway active?

Answer 31

Inner cells

Question 32

Where are ESCs found?

Answer 32

Epiblast

Question 33

Where are extra-embryonic endoderm (XEN) cells found?

Answer 33

Primitive endoderm

Question 34

Where are trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) found?

Answer 34

Polar TE

Question 35

Which signalling molecule is required to keep ESCs in an undifferentiated state?

Answer 35

LIF

Question 36

3 ways to cause ESCs to start differentiating

Answer 36

1. Remove LIF 2. Inject into a mouse (forms teratoma) 3. Form chimeras by injection into a pseudopregnant female

Question 37

Why do we work mainly with male chimeras? (2)

Answer 37

1. Male ESCs are more stable 2. Get more progeny from males

Question 38

What are the 4 Yamanaka factors to make iPSCs?

Answer 38

Oct4, Klf4, Myc, Sox2