Leukopoesis

Question 1

Leukopoiesis is the development / production of White Blood Cells.

Leukopoiesis takes place in the same locations as erythropoiesis, with the exception of Lymphocytes.

Question 2

Leukopoiesis take place in the bone marrow but mature in other place.

Control Mechanisms that influence leukopoiesis are more complex than those seen in erythropoiesis.

Question 3

Human leukocytes can be divided into various categories, based on:

• Function
• Site of origin
• Morphology

Question 4

All leukocytes exist to defend the body against nonself agents.

Leukocytes are referred to as granulocytes.

Question 5

But individually leukocytes are known as

• Eosinophils
• Basophils
• Neutrophils

Question 6

Granulocytes cells can be found in high concentrations in 4 locations

• Bone marrow
• Circulating freely in peripheral blood
• In tissue
• “marginating” against endothelium of blood vessels

Question 7

Granulocytes are found in the pus.

About 25% -30% granulocytes is in the peripheral blood.

Question 8

_____blast

Myeloblast make up 1% to 2% of the nucleated cells in the bone marrow.

Question 9

Myeloblast are subdivided into two types

• Type 1 myeloblast
• Type 11 myeloblast

Question 10

Type 1 myeloblast have no visible granule when stained with the Romanowsky stains and viewed with the light microscope.

Type 11 myeloblast contain up to 20 visibly granule starting at Golgi apparatus and spreading throughout the cells.

Question 11

The azure granules are referred to variously as primary granules or nonspecific granules because they are the first to appear and they are no unique to any one cell type.

Question 12

Myeloblast usually found in bone marrow, very rarely in blood.

Question 13

Myeloblast

Answer 13

Question 14

Myeloblast characteristic

• Size – 15-20 µm
• Nucleus – delicate with prominent nucleoli
• Chromatin – fine
• N/C – 4:1

Question 15

Myeloblast never found in the peripheral blood.

Myeloblast are in found in the bone marrow.

Myeloblast have a centralized nucleus.

Question 16

Pro_____cyte

Promyelocyte usually found in bone marrow, rarely in blood.

Question 17

Promyelocyte make up 1% to 6% of the nucleated cells in the bone marrow.

Question 18

Promyelocyte

Answer 18

Question 19

Promyelocyte characteristics

• Size – 14-20 µm
• Nucleus – delicate with prominent nucleoli
• Chromatin – slightly coarser than myeloblast
• N/C – 3:1
• Cytoplasm - Early primary granules

Question 20

Promyelocyte have a centric nucleus.

Question 21

____cyte

Myelocyte usually found in bone marrow, occasionally in blood.

Question 22

Myelocyte make up 6% to 17% of the nucleated cells in the bone marrow.

Myelocyte are the final stage in which cells division(mitosis) occurs.

Question 23

Myelocyte

The nuclues look alike it exist out of the left corner

Answer 23

Question 24

Myelocyte characteristics

• Size – 12-18 µm
• Nucleus – round to oval, beginning to flatten out, no nucleoli
• Chromatin – slightly coarser and more dense
• N/C – 2:1
• Cytoplasm – fewer primary granules, more secondary, golgi may be visible

Question 25

Myelocyte have a partial flatten out nucleus.

Question 26

Meta____cyte

Metamyelocyte usually found in bone marrow, occasionally in blood.

Question 27

Metamyelocyte constitute 20% to 30% if nucleated marrow cells.

Question 28

Metamyelocyte

Answer 28

Question 29

Metamyelocyte characteristics

• Size – 10-15 µm
• Nucleus – beginning to indent, no nucleoli
• Chromatin – slightly coarser and more dense
• N/C – 1.5:1
• Cytoplasm – very few primary granules, many secondary granules

Question 30

Metamyelocyte nucleus begin to indent.

Band Neutrophil usually found in blood.

Question 31

Band Neutrophils forms make up 9% to 32% of nucleated marrow cells.

Question 32

Band Neutrophils

Answer 32

Question 33

Band Neutrophil Characteristics

• Size – 10-15 µm
• Nucleus – significant indention, no filament
• Chromatin – coarse and clumped
• N/C – predominately cytoplasm
• Cytoplasm – very few primary granules, abundant secondary granules

Question 34

Band Neutrophils nucleus is very indent.

When the nucleus is indent ½ way it’s a band neutrophil.

Question 35

If the nucleus indent is less than halfway it’s Metamyelocyte.

Neutrophils are present in the highest numbers in the peripheral blood of adults (50% to 75% leukocytes).

Question 36

Neutrophils development occurs in the bone marrow under normal circumstances.

Neutrophils share common progenitor with monocytes known as the granulocyte monocytes progenitor (GMP).

Question 37

PMN Neutrophils (segs neutrophils) make up 7% to 30% of nucleated cells in the bone marrow.

The band form is the presence of between three and for nuclear segments connected by threadlike filaments.

Question 38

Neutrophil are found in blood.

Neutrophils with granules that react with both acid and basic stains with which give them a purple or lavender color.

Question 39

Neutrophils (SEGS)

Answer 39

Question 40

Neutrophil Characteristic

• Size – 10-15 µm
• Nucleus – 2-5 lobes with filament
• Chromatin – coarse and clumped
• N/C – predominately cytoplasm
• Cytoplasm – rare primary granules, abundant secondary granules

Question 41

Neutrophil will 2-3 lobes nucleus.

Old neutrophils will 5 lobes nucleus.

Question 42

Neutrophils has at less a filament.

Neutrophils also called segs.

Question 43

Neutrophils kinetics involves the movement of neutrophils between five areas known as pool.

• The mitotic pool in the bone marrow
• The storage pool in the bone marrow
• The circulation pool on the peripheral blood
• The marinated pool in the peripheral blood
• The tissue pool

Question 44

Once in the peripheral blood, neutrophils are divided randomly onto a circulating neutrophil pool(CNP) and a Marginal neutrophil poll (MNP).

Question 45

Other Granulocytes

• Eosinophils
• Basophils

Question 46

Eosinophils with granules contain basic proteins that stain with acid stain such eosin.

Eosinophils has orange secondary granules.

Question 47

Once granules have demonstrated orange color considered eosinophils.

Basophils has blue to purple secondary granules.

Question 48

Once granules have demonstrated color considered basophils.

Eosinophils are base and orange secondary granules when strained.

Question 49

Basophils with granules that are acidic and stain with basic stain such meth blue.

Basophils are more acidic and purple secondary granules when strained.

Question 50

There are two types of leukocytes are called mononuclear.

Question 51

Mononuclear cells can be subdivided into

• Monocytes
• Lymphocytes

Question 52

____blast

Monoblast usually found in bone marrow, very rarely in blood.

Question 53

Monoblast

Answer 53

Question 54

Monoblast Characteristics

• Size – 12-18 µm
• Nucleus – delicate with prominent nucleoli
• Chromatin – fine
• N/C – 4:1
• Cytoplasm – deeply basophilic, may have grey tint

Question 55

If the Monoblast have a little light with the strained that mean the cell have nuclei

Question 56

Pro_____cyte

Promonocyte usually found in bone marrow, rarely in blood.

Question 57

Promonocyte

Answer 57

Question 58

Promonocyte characteristic

Size – 12-20 µm
Nucleus – irregularly shaped, deep indentions
Chromatin – Fine
N/C – 2-3:1
Cytoplasm – Blue to grey, w/ fine azurophilic granules

Question 59

Promonocyte will have fine organelles.

Question 60

____cyte

Monocyte are found in blood.

Question 61

Monocyte

Answer 61

Question 62

Monocyte Characteristic

• Size – 12-20 µm
• Nucleus – Variable, numerous folds may be present
• Chromatin – lacy
• N/C – predominately cytoplasm
• Cytoplasm – blue-grey, ground glass granules

Question 63

Monocyte check the RBC in the tissue to see if it round and damaged.

Question 64

___blast

Lymphoblast usually found in bone marrow, very rarely in blood.

Question 65

Lymphoblast

Answer 65

Question 66

Lymphoblast Characteristics

• Size – 10-18 µm
• Nucleus – round to oval w/ nucleoli
• Chromatin – fine
• N/C – 4:1
• Cytoplasm – deeply basophilic, no granules

Question 67

Lymphoblast have no cytoplasm .

Question 68

Pro_____cyte

Prolymphocyte usually found in bone marrow, rarely in blood.

Question 69

Prolymphocyte

Answer 69

Question 70

Prolymphocyte Characteristics

• Size – 9-18 µm
• Nucleus – round to slightly indented
• Chromatin – Fine
• N/C – 3-4:1
• Cytoplasm – basophilic, no granules

Question 71

_____cyte

Lymphocyte are found in blood.

Question 72

Lymphocyte

Answer 72

Question 73

Lymphocyte Characteristic

• Size – 7-18 µm
• Nucleus – round to oval, slightly indented
• Chromatin – dense
• N/C – 3-5:1
• Cytoplasm – scant to moderate, basophilic

Question 74

The main function of lymphocytes is to regulate the immune functions.

T-cells and B-cells can be differentiated by immunological markers on surface.

Question 75

Morphologically they are indistinguishable.

Lymphocytes are some variant forms.

Question 76

Basophils are involved in the control of helminth infection.

Mast cells are not leukocytes.

Question 77

Mast cells are tissue cells.

Mast cells precursors circulate in the peripheral blood for a brief period on their way to their tissue.

Question 78

Mast cells have several phenotypic.

Mast cells function as effector cells in allergic reactions through the release of a wide variety of lipid mediators.